Mail-SPF-3.20240206/0000775000175000017500000000000014560312643012060 5ustar marcmarcMail-SPF-3.20240206/Makefile.PL0000644000175000017500000000367114560312643014037 0ustar marcmarc# This file was automatically generated by Dist::Zilla::Plugin::MakeMaker v6.031. use strict; use warnings; use ExtUtils::MakeMaker; my %WriteMakefileArgs = ( "ABSTRACT" => "An object-oriented implementation of Sender Policy Framework", "AUTHOR" => "'Julian Mehnle ', 'Shevek '", "CONFIGURE_REQUIRES" => { "ExtUtils::MakeMaker" => 0 }, "DISTNAME" => "Mail-SPF", "EXE_FILES" => [ "bin/spfd", "bin/spfquery" ], "LICENSE" => "bsd", "NAME" => "Mail::SPF", "PREREQ_PM" => { "Error" => 0, "Getopt::Long" => 0, "IO::File" => 0, "IO::Handle" => 0, "IO::Socket::INET" => 0, "IO::Socket::UNIX" => 0, "Net::DNS::Resolver" => 0, "NetAddr::IP" => 0, "Socket" => 0, "Sys::Hostname" => 0, "URI::Escape" => "1.13", "base" => 0, "constant" => 0, "overload" => 0, "strict" => 0, "utf8" => 0, "warnings" => 0 }, "TEST_REQUIRES" => { "Net::DNS::RR" => 0, "Net::DNS::Resolver::Programmable" => 0, "Test::More" => 0, "blib" => 0 }, "VERSION" => "3.20240206", "test" => { "TESTS" => "t/*.t" } ); my %FallbackPrereqs = ( "Error" => 0, "Getopt::Long" => 0, "IO::File" => 0, "IO::Handle" => 0, "IO::Socket::INET" => 0, "IO::Socket::UNIX" => 0, "Net::DNS::RR" => 0, "Net::DNS::Resolver" => 0, "Net::DNS::Resolver::Programmable" => 0, "NetAddr::IP" => 0, "Socket" => 0, "Sys::Hostname" => 0, "Test::More" => 0, "URI::Escape" => "1.13", "base" => 0, "blib" => 0, "constant" => 0, "overload" => 0, "strict" => 0, "utf8" => 0, "warnings" => 0 ); unless ( eval { ExtUtils::MakeMaker->VERSION(6.63_03) } ) { delete $WriteMakefileArgs{TEST_REQUIRES}; delete $WriteMakefileArgs{BUILD_REQUIRES}; $WriteMakefileArgs{PREREQ_PM} = \%FallbackPrereqs; } delete $WriteMakefileArgs{CONFIGURE_REQUIRES} unless eval { ExtUtils::MakeMaker->VERSION(6.52) }; WriteMakefile(%WriteMakefileArgs); Mail-SPF-3.20240206/README0000644000175000017500000000556114560312643012745 0ustar marcmarcMail::SPF 2.009 -- A Perl implementation of the Sender Policy Framework (C) 2005-2013 Julian Mehnle 2005 Shevek ============================================================================== Mail::SPF is an object-oriented Perl implementation of the Sender Policy Framework (SPF) e-mail sender authentication system. See for more information about SPF. This release of Mail::SPF fully conforms to RFC 4408 and passes the 2009.10 release of the official test-suite . The Mail::SPF source package includes the following additional tools: * spfquery: A command-line tool for performing SPF checks. * spfd: A daemon for services that perform SPF checks frequently. Mail::SPF is not your mother! ----------------------------- Unlike other SPF implementations, Mail::SPF will not do your homework for you. In particular, in evaluating SPF policies it will not make any exceptions for your localhost or loopback addresses (127.0.0.*, ::1, etc.). There is no way for Mail::SPF to know exactly which sending IP addresses you would like to treat as trusted relays and which not. If you don't want messages from certain addresses to be subject to SPF processing, then don't invoke Mail::SPF on such messages -- it's that simple. Other libraries have chosen to be more accommodating, but that has usually led to consumers getting spoiled and implementations becoming fraught with feature creep. Also, parameter parsing is generally very strict. For example, no whitespace or '<>' characters will be removed from e-mail address or IP address parameters passed to Mail::SPF. If you pass in unsanitized values and it doesn't work, don't be surprised. You may call me a purist. Sub-Classing ------------ You can easily sub-class Mail::SPF::Server and the Mail::SPF::Result class collection in order to extend or modify their behavior. The hypothetical Mail::SPF::BlackMagic package was once supposed to make use of this. In your Mail::SPF::Server sub-class simply override the result_base_class() constant, specifying your custom Mail::SPF::Result base sub-class. Then have your result base class specify its associated concrete sub-classes by overriding Mail::SPF::Result's result_classes() constant. For this to work, any code throwing Mail::SPF::Result(::*) objects directly needs to stop doing so as of Mail::SPF 2.006 and use Mail::SPF::Server:: throw_result() instead. Reporting Bugs -------------- Please report bugs in Mail::SPF and its documentation to the CPAN bug tracker: License ------- Mail::SPF is free software. You may use, modify, and distribute it under the terms of the BSD license. See LICENSE for the BSD license text. # $Id: README 61 2013-07-22 03:45:15Z julian $ # vim:tw=79 Mail-SPF-3.20240206/bin/0000775000175000017500000000000014560312643012630 5ustar marcmarcMail-SPF-3.20240206/bin/spfquery0000755000175000017500000005471714560312643014450 0ustar marcmarc#!/usr/bin/perl # # spfquery: Command-line tool for performing SPF queries # # (C) 2005-2012 Julian Mehnle # 2004 Wayne Schlitt # $Id: spfquery 138 2006-01-22 18:00:34Z julian $ # ############################################################################## =head1 NAME spfquery - (Mail::SPF) - Checks if a given set of e-mail parameters matches a domain's SPF policy =head1 VERSION 2.501 =head1 SYNOPSIS =over =item B B [B<--versions>|B<-v> B<1>|B<2>|B<1,2>] [B<--scope>|B<-s> B|B|B] B<--identity>|B<--id> I B<--ip-address>|B<--ip> I [B<--helo-identity>|B<--helo-id> I] [I] B [B<--versions>|B<-v> B<1>|B<2>|B<1,2>] [B<--scope>|B<-s> B|B|B] B<--file>|B<-f> I|B<-> [I] =item B B B<--helo> I B<--ip-address>|B<--ip> I [I] B B<--mfrom> I B<--ip-address>|B<--ip> I [B<--helo> I] [I] B B<--pra> I B<--ip-address>|B<--ip> I [I] =item B B B<--version>|B<-V> B B<--help> =back =head1 DESCRIPTION B checks if a given set of e-mail parameters (e.g., the SMTP sender's IP address) matches the responsible domain's Sender Policy Framework (SPF) policy. For more information on SPF see L. =head2 Preferred Usage The following usage forms are preferred over the L used by older B versions: The B<--identity> form checks if the given I is an authorized SMTP sender for the given C hostname, C envelope sender e-mail address, or C (so-called purported resonsible address) e-mail address, depending on the value of the B<--scope> option (which defaults to B if omitted). The B<--file> form reads "I I [I]" tuples from the file with the specified I, or from standard input if I is B<->, and checks them against the specified scope (B by default). Both forms support an optional B<--versions> option, which specifies a comma-separated list of the SPF version numbers of SPF records that may be used. B<1> means that C records should be used. B<2> means that C records should be used. Defaults to B<1,2>, i.e., uses any SPF records that are available. Records of a higher version are preferred. =head2 Legacy Usage B versions before 2.500 featured the following usage forms, which are discouraged but still supported for L: The B<--helo> form checks if the given I is an authorized SMTP sender for the C hostname given as the I (so-called C check). The B<--mfrom> form checks if the given I is an authorized SMTP sender for the envelope sender email-address (or domain) given as the I (so-called C check). If a domain is given instead of an e-mail address, C will be substituted for the localpart. The B<--pra> form checks if the given I is an authorized SMTP sender for the PRA (Purported Responsible Address) e-mail address given as the identity. =head2 Other Usage The B<--version> form prints version information of spfquery. The B<--help> form prints usage information for spfquery. =head1 OPTIONS =head2 Standard Options The preferred and legacy forms optionally take any of the following I: =over =item B<--default-explanation> I =item B<--def-exp> I Use the specified I as the default explanation if the authority domain does not specify an explanation string of its own. =item B<--hostname> I Use I as the host name of the local system instead of auto-detecting it. =item B<--keep-comments> =item B<--no-keep-comments> Do (not) print any comments found when reading from a file or from standard input. =item B<--sanitize> (currently ignored) =item B<--no-sanitize> (currently ignored) Do (not) sanitize the output by condensing consecutive white-space into a single space and replacing non-printable characters with question marks. Enabled by default. =item B<--debug> (currently ignored) Print out debug information. =back =head2 Black Magic Options Several options that were supported by earlier versions of B are considered black magic (i.e. potentially dangerous for the innocent user) and are thus disabled by default. If the L> Perl module is installed, they may be enabled by specifying B<--enable-black-magic>. =over =item B<--max-dns-interactive-terms> I Evaluate a maximum of I DNS-interactive mechanisms and modifiers per SPF check. Defaults to B<10>. Do I override the default unless you know what you are doing! =item B<--max-name-lookups-per-term> I Perform a maximum of I DNS name look-ups per mechanism or modifier. Defaults to B<10>. Do I override the default unless you know what you are doing! =item B<--authorize-mxes-for> I|IB<,>... Consider all the MXes of the comma-separated list of Ies and Is as inherently authorized. =item B<--tfwl> Perform C accreditation checking. =item B<--guess> I Use I as a default record if no SPF record is found. =item B<--local> I Process I as local policy before resorting to a default result (the implicit or explicit C mechanism at the end of the domain's SPF record). For example, this could be used for white-listing one's secondary MXes: C. =item B<--override> IB<=>I =item B<--fallback> IB<=>I Set overrides and fallbacks. Each option can be specified multiple times. For example: --override example.org='v=spf1 -all' --override '*.example.net'='v=spf1 a mx -all' --fallback example.com='v=spf1 -all' =back =head1 RESULT CODES =over 12 =item B The specified IP address is an authorized SMTP sender for the identity. =item B The specified IP address is not an authorized SMTP sender for the identity. =item B The specified IP address is not an authorized SMTP sender for the identity, however the authority domain is still testing out its SPF policy. =item B The identity's authority domain makes no assertion about the status of the IP address. =item B A permanent error occurred while evaluating the authority domain's policy (e.g., a syntax error in the SPF record). Manual intervention is required from the authority domain. =item B A temporary error occurred while evaluating the authority domain's policy (e.g., a DNS error). Try again later. =item B There is no applicable SPF policy for the identity domain. =back =head1 EXIT CODES Result | Exit code -----------+----------- pass | 0 fail | 1 softfail | 2 neutral | 3 permerror | 4 temperror | 5 none | 6 =head1 EXAMPLES spfquery --scope mfrom --id user@example.com --ip 1.2.3.4 spfquery --file test_data echo "127.0.0.1 user@example.com helohost.example.com" | spfquery -f - =head1 COMPATIBILITY B has undergone the following interface changes compared to earlier versions: =over =item B<2.500> =over =item * A new preferred usage style for performing individual SPF checks has been introduced. The new style accepts a unified B<--identity> option and an optional B<--scope> option that specifies the type (scope) of the identity. In contrast, the legacy usage style requires a separate usage form for every supported scope. See L and L for details. =item * The former C and C result codes have been renamed to C and C, respectively, in order to comply with RFC 4408 terminology. =item * SPF checks with an empty identity are no longer supported. In the case of an empty C SMTP transaction parameter, perform a check with the C scope directly. =item * The B<--debug> and B<--(no-)sanitize> options are currently ignored by this version of B. They will again be supported in the future. =item * Several features that were supported by earlier versions of B are considered black magic and thus are now disabled by default. See L. =item * Several option names have been deprecated. This is a list of them and their preferred synonyms: Deprecated options | Preferred options ---------------------+----------------------------- --sender, -s | --mfrom --ipv4, -i | --ip-address, --ip --name | --hostname --max-lookup-count, | --max-dns-interactive-terms --max-lookup | --rcpt-to, -r | --authorize-mxes-for --trusted | --tfwl =back =back =head1 SEE ALSO L, L L =head1 AUTHORS This version of B is a complete rewrite by Julian Mehnle , based on an earlier version written by Meng Weng Wong and Wayne Schlitt . =cut our $VERSION = '2.501'; use warnings; use strict; use IO::File; use Getopt::Long qw(:config gnu_compat no_ignore_case); use Error ':try'; use Mail::SPF; use constant TRUE => (0 == 0); use constant FALSE => not TRUE; use constant exit_codes_by_result_code => { pass => 0, fail => 1, softfail => 2, neutral => 3, permerror => 4, temperror => 5, none => 6 }; # Helper Functions ############################################################################## sub usage { STDERR->printf(<<'EOT'); Preferred Usage: spfquery [--versions|-v 1|2|1,2] [--scope|-s helo|mfrom|pra] --identity|--id --ip-address|--ip [--helo-identity|--helo-id ] [OPTIONS] spfquery [--versions|-v 1|2|1,2] [--scope|-s helo|mfrom|pra] --file|-f |- [OPTIONS] Legacy Usage: spfquery --helo --ip-address|--ip [OPTIONS] spfquery --mfrom --ip-address|--ip [--helo ] [OPTIONS] spfquery --pra --ip-address|--ip [OPTIONS] Other Usage: spfquery --version|-V See `spfquery --help` for more information. EOT return; } sub help { print(<<'EOT'); Preferred Usage: spfquery [--versions|-v 1|2|1,2] [--scope|-s helo|mfrom|pra] --identity|--id --ip-address|--ip [--helo-identity|--helo-id ] [OPTIONS] spfquery [--versions|-v 1|2|1,2] [--scope|-s helo|mfrom|pra] --file|-f |- [OPTIONS] Legacy Usage: spfquery --helo --ip-address|--ip [OPTIONS] spfquery --mfrom --ip-address|--ip [--helo ] [OPTIONS] spfquery --pra --ip-address|--ip [OPTIONS] Other Usage: spfquery --version|-V spfquery performs SPF checks based on the command-line arguments or data given in a file or on standard input. Only the preferred and other usage forms are explained here. See the spfquery(1) man-page for an explanation of the legacy usage forms. The "--identity" form checks if the given is an authorized SMTP sender for the given "helo" hostname, "mfrom" envelope sender e-mail address, or "pra" (purported resonsible address) e-mail address, depending on the value of the "--scope" option (which defaults to "mfrom" if omitted). The "--file" form reads " []" tuples from the file with the specified , or from standard input if is "-", and checks them against the specified scope ("mfrom" by default). The "--version" form prints version information of spfquery. Valid OPTIONS (and their defaults) are: --default-explanation Default explanation string to use (sensible default). --hostname The name of the system doing the SPF checking (local system's configured hostname). --keep-comments Print comments found when reading from a file. --no-sanitize Do not clean up invalid characters in output. --debug Output debugging information. Black-magic OPTIONS are: --max-dns-interactive-terms Maximum number of DNS-interactive mechanisms and modifiers (10). --max-name-lookups-per-term Maximum number of DNS name look-ups per mechanism or modifier (10). --authorize-mxes-for |,... A comma-separated list of e-mail addresses and domains whose MXes will be considered inherently authorized. --tfwl Check trusted-forwarder.org white-list. --guess Default checks if no SPF record is found. --local Local policy to process before default result. --override = --fallback = Set override and fallback SPF records for domains. Examples: spfquery --scope mfrom --id user@example.com --ip 1.2.3.4 spfquery --file test_data echo "127.0.0.1 user@example.com helohost.example.com" | spfquery -f - EOT return; } sub deprecated_option { my ($old_option, $new_option, $options) = @_; return FALSE if not exists($options->{$old_option}); STDERR->print( "Warning: '$old_option' option is deprecated" . ($new_option ? "; use '$new_option' instead" : '') . ".\n" ); $options->{$new_option} = delete($options->{$old_option}); return TRUE; } sub unsupported_option { my ($option_name, $options) = @_; return FALSE if not exists($options->{$option_name}); STDERR->print("Error: '$option_name' option is no longer supported.\n"); return TRUE; } sub black_magic_option { my ($option_name, $options) = @_; return FALSE if not exists($options->{$option_name}); STDERR->print("Error: '$option_name' option is black magic! Do not use it!\n"); return TRUE; } # Command-line Option Handling ############################################################################## my $options = {}; my $getopt_result = GetOptions( $options, 'file|f=s', 'versions|v=s', 'scope=s', 's=s', # Special handling for ambiguous 's' option (formerly a synonym # for 'sender', now preferredly a synonym for 'scope'). 'identity|id=s', 'ip-address|ip=s', 'helo-identity|helo-id=s', # Legacy/shortcut options: 'mfrom|mail-from|m=s', 'helo|h=s', 'default-explanation|def-exp=s', 'hostname=s', 'keep-comments!', 'debug!', # TODO Implement! 'sanitize!', # TODO Implement! # Black Magic options: 'enable-black-magic!', 'max-dns-interactive-terms=i', 'max-name-lookups-per-term=i', 'authorize-mxes-for=s', # TODO implement! 'tfwl!', # TODO Implement! 'guess=s', # TODO Implement! 'local=s', # TODO Implement! 'override=s%', # TODO Implement! 'fallback=s%', # TODO Implement! # Meta actions: 'version|V!', 'help!', # Deprecated options: 'sender=s', # Now 'scope'/'identity' or 'mfrom' 'ipv4=s', # Now 'ip-address' 'i=s', # Now 'ip-address' 'name=s', # Now 'hostname' 'max-lookup-count=i', 'max-lookup=i', # Now 'max-dns-interactive-terms' 'rcpt-to=s', # Now 'authorize-mxes-for' 'r=s', # Now 'authorize-mxes-for' 'trusted!' # Now 'tfwl' ); if (not $getopt_result) { usage(); exit(255); } if ($options->{help}) { help(); exit(0); } if ($options->{version}) { print("spfquery version $VERSION (using Mail::SPF)\n"); exit(0); } deprecated_option('sender', 'mfrom', $options); deprecated_option('ipv4', 'ip-address', $options); deprecated_option('i', 'ip-address', $options); deprecated_option('name', 'hostname', $options); deprecated_option('max-lookup-count', 'max-dns-interactive-terms', $options); deprecated_option('max-lookup', 'max-dns-interactive-terms', $options); deprecated_option('rcpt-to', 'authorize-mxes-for', $options); deprecated_option('r', 'authorize-mxes-for', $options); deprecated_option('trusted', 'tfwl', $options); if ($options->{'enable-black-magic'}) { if (not defined(eval('require Mail::SPF::BlackMagic'))) { STDERR->print("Error: Cannot enable black magic. Unable to load Mail::SPF::BlackMagic.\n"); exit(255); } # else: Black magic enabled! } elsif ( black_magic_option('max-dns-interactive-terms', $options) or black_magic_option('max-name-lookups-per-term', $options) or black_magic_option('rcpt-to', $options) or black_magic_option('trusted', $options) or black_magic_option('guess', $options) or black_magic_option('local', $options) or black_magic_option('override', $options) or black_magic_option('fallback', $options) ) { exit(255); } my @versions = split(',', $options->{versions} || ''); my $scope = $options->{scope}; my $identity = $options->{identity}; my $ip_address = $options->{'ip-address'}; my $helo_identity = $options->{'helo-identity'}; # Heuristic for distinguishing between 's(cope)' and 's(ender)': if (defined(my $s = $options->{s})) { if ( not defined($scope) and # No explicit 'scope' option has been specified, and $s !~ /[@.]/ # 's' option contains neither an '@' nor a dot, # so it cannot be an e-mail address or a domain. ) { # Thus it must be meant as the 'scope' option: $scope = $s; } else { # Else, it must be meant as the deprecated 'sender' option: $options->{mfrom} = $s; } } # Heuristic for when explicit 'scope'/'s(cope)' option is absent: if (not defined($scope)) { if (defined($identity) or defined($options->{file})) { # Identity has been specified, or input will be read from file: # apply the 'scope' option default: $scope = 'mfrom'; } elsif (defined($options->{helo})) { $scope = 'helo'; $identity = $options->{helo}; } elsif (defined($options->{mfrom})) { $scope = 'mfrom'; $identity = $options->{mfrom}; $helo_identity ||= $options->{helo}; } elsif (defined($options->{pra})) { $scope = 'pra'; $identity = $options->{pra}; } } my $default_explanation = $options->{'default-explanation'}; my $hostname = $options->{hostname}; if ( not defined($scope) or not (defined($identity) xor defined($options->{file})) ) { usage(); exit(255); } if (defined($identity) and $identity eq '') { STDERR->print("Error: Empty identities are not supported. See spfquery(1).\n"); exit(255); } # Process the SPF Request(s) ############################################################################## try { my $spf_server = Mail::SPF::Server->new( default_authority_explanation => $default_explanation, hostname => $hostname, # debug => $options->{debug}, # sanitize => $options->{sanitize}, # Black Magic: ( exists($options->{'max-dns-interactive-terms'}) ? (max_dns_interactive_terms => $options->{'max-dns-interactive-terms'} || undef) : () ), ( exists($options->{'max-name-lookups-per-term'}) ? (max_name_lookups_per_term => $options->{'max-name-lookups-per-term'} || undef) : () ) # rcpt_to => $options->{'rcpt-to'}, # trusted => $options->{trusted}, # guess => $options->{guess}, # local => $options->{local}, # override => $options->{override}, # fallback => $options->{fallback}, ); my $exit_code; if (not defined($options->{file})) { # Single request: my $result_code = do_process( $spf_server, versions => @versions ? [@versions] : undef, scope => $scope, identity => $identity, ip_address => $ip_address, helo_identity => $helo_identity ); $exit_code = exit_codes_by_result_code->{$result_code}; } else { # File request: my $file = $options->{file} eq '-' ? \*STDIN : IO::File->new($options->{file}) or die("Could not open: $options->{file}\n"); while (<$file>) { chomp; s/^\s*//; next if /^$/; if (/^#/) { print("$_\n") if $options->{'keep-comments'}; next; } ($ip_address, $identity, $helo_identity) = split; my $result_code = do_process( $spf_server, versions => @versions ? [@versions] : undef, scope => $scope, identity => $identity, ip_address => $ip_address, helo_identity => $helo_identity ); $exit_code ||= exit_codes_by_result_code->{$result_code}; } } exit($exit_code); } catch Mail::SPF::Exception with { my ($e) = @_; STDERR->printf("Error: %s.\n", $e->text); exit(255); }; # Helper Function ############################################################################## sub do_process { my ($spf_server, %request_options) = @_; my $request = Mail::SPF::Request->new(%request_options); my $result = $spf_server->process($request); printf( "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n", $result->code, ( $result->can('authority_explanation') ? $result->authority_explanation : $result->local_explanation ), $result->local_explanation, $result->received_spf_header ); return $result->code; } Mail-SPF-3.20240206/bin/spfd0000755000175000017500000004373014560312643013517 0ustar marcmarc#!/usr/bin/perl # # spfd: Simple forking SPF query service daemon # # (C) 2005-2012 Julian Mehnle # 2003-2004 Meng Weng Wong # $Id: spfd 148 2006-06-17 21:50:57Z Julian Mehnle $ # ############################################################################## =head1 NAME spfd - (Mail::SPF) - Simple forking daemon to provide SPF query services =head1 VERSION 2.000 =head1 SYNOPSIS B B<--port>|B<-p> I [B<--set-user>|B<-u> I|I] [B<--set-group>|B<-g> I|I] [I] B B<--socket>|B<-s> I [B<--socket-user> I|I] [B<--socket-group> I|I] [B<--socket-perms> I] [B<--set-user>|B<-u> I|I] [B<--set-group>|B<-g> I|I] [I] B B<--version|-V> B B<--help> =head1 DESCRIPTION B is a simple forking Sender Policy Framework (SPF) query server. spfd receives and answers SPF requests on a TCP/IP or UNIX domain socket. For more information on SPF see L. The B<--port> form listens on a TCP/IP socket on the specified I. The default port is B<5970>. The B<--socket> form listens on a UNIX domain socket that is created with the specified I. The socket can be assigned specific user and group ownership with the B<--socket-user> and B<--socket-group> options, and specific filesystem permissions with the B<--socket-perms> option. Generally, spfd can be instructed with the B<--set-user> and B<--set-group> options to drop root privileges and change to another user and group before it starts listening for requests. The B<--version> form prints version information of spfd. The B<--help> form prints usage information for spfd. =head1 OPTIONS spfd takes any of the following I: =over =item B<--default-explanation> I =item B<--def-exp> I Use the specified I as the default explanation if the authority domain does not specify an explanation string of its own. =item B<--hostname> I Use I as the host name of the local system instead of auto-detecting it. =item B<--debug> Print out debug information about spfd's operation, incoming requests, and the responses sent. =back =head1 REQUEST A request consists of a series of lines delimited by \x0A (LF) characters (or whatever your system considers a newline). Each line must be of the form I