portion & compare it to dottedName.
var pagename = pages[i].substring(0, pages[i].length-2);
if (pagename == dottedName.substring(0,pagename.length)) {
// We've found a page that matches `dottedName`;
// construct its URL, using leftover `dottedName`
// content to form an anchor.
var pagetype = pages[i].charAt(pages[i].length-1);
var url = pagename + ((pagetype=="m")?"-module.html":
"-class.html");
if (dottedName.length > pagename.length)
url += "#" + dottedName.substring(pagename.length+1,
dottedName.length);
return url;
}
}
}
xappy-0.5/docs/api/frames.html 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000001077 11005555242 016201 0 ustar richard richard
xappy
xappy-0.5/docs/api/help.html 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000025222 11005555242 015652 0 ustar richard richard
Help
API Documentation
This document contains the API (Application Programming Interface)
documentation for xappy. Documentation for the Python
objects defined by the project is divided into separate pages for each
package, module, and class. The API documentation also includes two
pages containing information about the project as a whole: a trees
page, and an index page.
Object Documentation
Each Package Documentation page contains:
A description of the package.
A list of the modules and sub-packages contained by the
package.
A summary of the classes defined by the package.
A summary of the functions defined by the package.
A summary of the variables defined by the package.
A detailed description of each function defined by the
package.
A detailed description of each variable defined by the
package.
Each Module Documentation page contains:
A description of the module.
A summary of the classes defined by the module.
A summary of the functions defined by the module.
A summary of the variables defined by the module.
A detailed description of each function defined by the
module.
A detailed description of each variable defined by the
module.
Each Class Documentation page contains:
A class inheritance diagram.
A list of known subclasses.
A description of the class.
A summary of the methods defined by the class.
A summary of the instance variables defined by the class.
A summary of the class (static) variables defined by the
class.
A detailed description of each method defined by the
class.
A detailed description of each instance variable defined by the
class.
A detailed description of each class (static) variable defined
by the class.
Project Documentation
The Trees page contains the module and class hierarchies:
The module hierarchy lists every package and module, with
modules grouped into packages. At the top level, and within each
package, modules and sub-packages are listed alphabetically.
The class hierarchy lists every class, grouped by base
class. If a class has more than one base class, then it will be
listed under each base class. At the top level, and under each base
class, classes are listed alphabetically.
The Index page contains indices of terms and
identifiers:
The term index lists every term indexed by any object's
documentation. For each term, the index provides links to each
place where the term is indexed.
The identifier index lists the (short) name of every package,
module, class, method, function, variable, and parameter. For each
identifier, the index provides a short description, and a link to
its documentation.
The Table of Contents
The table of contents occupies the two frames on the left side of
the window. The upper-left frame displays the project
contents , and the lower-left frame displays the module
contents :
Project
API
Module
The project contents frame contains a list of all packages
and modules that are defined by the project. Clicking on an entry
will display its contents in the module contents frame. Clicking on a
special entry, labeled "Everything," will display the contents of
the entire project.
The module contents frame contains a list of every
submodule, class, type, exception, function, and variable defined by a
module or package. Clicking on an entry will display its
documentation in the API documentation frame. Clicking on the name of
the module, at the top of the frame, will display the documentation
for the module itself.
The "frames " and "no frames " buttons below the top
navigation bar can be used to control whether the table of contents is
displayed or not.
The Navigation Bar
A navigation bar is located at the top and bottom of every page.
It indicates what type of page you are currently viewing, and allows
you to go to related pages. The following table describes the labels
on the navigation bar. Note that not some labels (such as
[Parent]) are not displayed on all pages.
Label
Highlighted when...
Links to...
[Parent] (never highlighted) the parent of the current package [Package] viewing a package
the package containing the current object
[Module] viewing a module
the module containing the current object
[Class] viewing a class
the class containing the current object [Trees] viewing the trees page
the trees page [Index] viewing the index page
the index page [Help] viewing the help page
the help page
The "show private " and "hide private " buttons below
the top navigation bar can be used to control whether documentation
for private objects is displayed. Private objects are usually defined
as objects whose (short) names begin with a single underscore, but do
not end with an underscore. For example, "_x",
"__pprint", and "epydoc.epytext._tokenize"
are private objects; but "re.sub",
"__init__", and "type_" are not. However,
if a module defines the "__all__" variable, then its
contents are used to decide which objects are private.
A timestamp below the bottom navigation bar indicates when each
page was last updated.
xappy-0.5/docs/api/identifier-index.html 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000175421 11005555242 020160 0 ustar richard richard
Identifier Index
xappy
xappy-0.5/docs/api/module-tree.html 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000014315 11005555242 017145 0 ustar richard richard
Module Hierarchy
[ Module Hierarchy
| Class Hierarchy ]
Module Hierarchy
xappy-0.5/docs/api/redirect.html 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000004414 11005555243 016524 0 ustar richard richard Epydoc Redirect Page
Epydoc Auto-redirect page
When javascript is enabled, this page will redirect URLs of
the form redirect.html#dotted.name to the
documentation for the object with the given fully-qualified
dotted name.
xappy-0.5/docs/api/toc-everything.html 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000012324 11005555242 017670 0 ustar richard richard
Everything
Everything
All Classes
xappy.datastructures.Field xappy.datastructures.ProcessedDocument xappy.datastructures.UnprocessedDocument xappy.errors.IndexerError xappy.errors.SearchEngineError xappy.errors.SearchError xappy.errors.XapianError xappy.fieldactions.ActionContext xappy.fieldactions.FieldActions xappy.fieldactions.SortableMarshaller xappy.fieldmappings.FieldMappings xappy.highlight.Highlighter xappy.indexerconnection.FacetQueryTypeIter xappy.indexerconnection.IndexerConnection xappy.indexerconnection.PrefixedTermIter xappy.indexerconnection.SynonymIter xappy.replaylog.LoggedProxy xappy.replaylog.LoggedProxyMethod xappy.replaylog.NotifyingDeleteObject xappy.replaylog.ReplayLog xappy.schema.Schema xappy.searchconnection.SearchConnection xappy.searchconnection.SearchConnection.ExpandDecider xappy.searchconnection.SearchResult xappy.searchconnection.SearchResultIter xappy.searchconnection.SearchResults All Functions
xappy.marshall.date_to_string xappy.marshall.float_to_string xappy.memutils.get_physical_memory xappy.parsedate.date_from_string xappy.replaylog.log xappy.replaylog.set_replay_path All Variables
xappy.highlight.__test__ xappy.parsedate.yyyy_mm_dd_re xappy.parsedate.yyyymmdd_re xappy
Module xappy
_checkxapian
Module _checkxapian
Variables
datastructures
Module datastructures
Classes
Field ProcessedDocument UnprocessedDocument errors
Module errors
Classes
IndexerError SearchEngineError SearchError XapianError fieldactions
Module fieldactions
Classes
ActionContext FieldActions SortableMarshaller fieldmappings
Module fieldmappings
Classes
FieldMappings highlight
Module highlight
Classes
Highlighter Variables
__test__ indexerconnection
Module indexerconnection
Classes
FacetQueryTypeIter IndexerConnection PrefixedTermIter SynonymIter marshall
Module marshall
Functions
date_to_string float_to_string memutils
Module memutils
Functions
get_physical_memory parsedate
Module parsedate
Functions
date_from_string Variables
yyyy_mm_dd_re yyyymmdd_re replaylog
Module replaylog
Classes
LoggedProxy LoggedProxyMethod NotifyingDeleteObject ReplayLog Functions
log set_replay_path schema
Module schema
Classes
Schema searchconnection
Module searchconnection
Classes
SearchConnection SearchResult SearchResultIter SearchResults Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Everything
Modules
xappy xappy.datastructures xappy.errors xappy.fieldactions xappy.fieldmappings xappy.highlight xappy.indexerconnection xappy.marshall xappy.memutils xappy.parsedate xappy.replaylog xappy.schema xappy.searchconnection xappy
Package xappy source code Xappy.
See the accompanying documentation for details. In particular, there should be
an accompanying file "introduction.html" (or "introduction.rst") which gives
details of how to use the xappy package.
xappy
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18 """Xappy. 19 20 See the accompanying documentation for details. In particular, there should be 21 an accompanying file "introduction.html" (or "introduction.rst") which gives 22 details of how to use the xappy package. 23 24 """ 25 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en" 26
27 __version__ = '0.5' 28
29 import _checkxapian 30 from datastructures import Field , UnprocessedDocument , ProcessedDocument 31 from errors import * 32 from fieldactions import FieldActions 33 from indexerconnection import IndexerConnection 34 from searchconnection import SearchConnection 35 from replaylog import set_replay_path 36
xappy._checkxapian
Module _checkxapian source code _checkxapian.py: Check the version of xapian used.
Raises an ImportError on import if the version used is too old to be used at
all.
min_xapian_version = (1, 0, 6)
missing_features = {}
versions = (1, 0, 6)
xappy-0.5/docs/api/xappy._checkxapian-pysrc.html 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000033153 11005555243 021640 0 ustar richard richard
xappy._checkxapian
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16 r"""_checkxapian.py: Check the version of xapian used. 17 18 Raises an ImportError on import if the version used is too old to be used at 19 all. 20 21 """ 22 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en" 23
24
25 min_xapian_version = ( 1 , 0 , 6 ) 26
27
28
29 missing_features = { } 30
31 import xapian 32
33 versions = xapian . major_version ( ) , xapian . minor_version ( ) , xapian . revision ( ) 34
35
36 if versions < min_xapian_version : 37 raise ImportError ( """
38 Xapian Python bindings installed, but need at least version %d.%d.%d - got %s 39 """ . strip ( ) % tuple ( list ( min_xapian_version ) + [ xapian . version_string ( ) ] ) ) 40
41 if not hasattr ( xapian , 'TermCountMatchSpy' ) : 42 missing_features [ 'tags' ] = 1
43 if not hasattr ( xapian , 'CategorySelectMatchSpy' ) : 44 missing_features [ 'facets' ] = 1
45
xappy.datastructures
Module datastructures source code xappy.datastructures
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18 r"""datastructures.py: Datastructures for search engine core. 19 20 """ 21 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en" 22
23 import errors 24 from replaylog import log 25 import xapian 26 import cPickle 27
29
30
31 __slots__ = 'name' , 'value'
32
36
38 return 'Field(%r, %r)' % ( self . name , self . value )
39
41 """A unprocessed document to be passed to the indexer.
42 43 This represents an item to be processed and stored in the search engine. 44 Each document will be processed by the indexer to generate a 45 ProcessedDocument, which can then be stored in the search engine index. 46 47 Note that some information in an UnprocessedDocument will not be 48 represented in the ProcessedDocument: therefore, it is not possible to 49 retrieve an UnprocessedDocument from the search engine index. 50 51 An unprocessed document is a simple container with two attributes: 52 53 - `fields` is a list of Field objects, or an iterator returning Field 54 objects. 55 - `id` is a string holding a unique identifier for the document (or 56 None to get the database to allocate a unique identifier automatically 57 when the document is added). 58 59 """ 60
61 __slots__ = 'id' , 'fields' ,
62 - def __init__ ( self , id = None , fields = None ) :
68
70 return 'UnprocessedDocument(%r, %r)' % ( self . id , self . fields )
71
73 """A processed document, as stored in the index.
74 75 This represents an item which is ready to be stored in the search engine, 76 or which has been returned by the search engine. 77 78 """ 79
80 __slots__ = '_doc' , '_fieldmappings' , '_data' ,
81 - def __init__ ( self , fieldmappings , xapdoc = None ) :
82 """Create a ProcessedDocument.
83 84 `fieldmappings` is the configuration from a database connection used lookup 85 the configuration to use to store each field. 86 87 If supplied, `xapdoc` is a Xapian document to store in the processed 88 document. Otherwise, a new Xapian document is created. 89 90 """ 91 if xapdoc is None :
92 self . _doc = log ( xapian . Document )
93 else :
94 self . _doc = xapdoc
95 self . _fieldmappings = fieldmappings
96 self . _data = None
97
98 - def add_term ( self , field , term , wdfinc = 1 , positions = None ) :
99 """Add a term to the document.
100 101 Terms are the main unit of information used for performing searches. 102 103 - `field` is the field to add the term to. 104 - `term` is the term to add. 105 - `wdfinc` is the value to increase the within-document-frequency 106 measure for the term by. 107 - `positions` is the positional information to add for the term. 108 This may be None to indicate that there is no positional information, 109 or may be an integer to specify one position, or may be a sequence of 110 integers to specify several positions. (Note that the wdf is not 111 increased automatically for each position: if you add a term at 7 112 positions, and the wdfinc value is 2, the total wdf for the term will 113 only be increased by 2, not by 14.) 114 115 """ 116 prefix = self . _fieldmappings . get_prefix ( field )
117 if len ( term ) > 0 :
118
119
120
121 if ord ( term [ 0 ] ) >= ord ( 'A' ) and ord ( term [ 0 ] ) <= ord ( 'Z' ) :
122 prefix = prefix + ':'
123
124
125
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129
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131
132
133
134
135
136 if len ( prefix + term ) > 220 :
137 raise errors . IndexerError ( "Field %r is too long: maximum length "
138 "220 - was %d (%r)" %
139 ( field , len ( prefix + term ) ,
140 prefix + term ) )
141
142 if positions is None :
143 self . _doc . add_term ( prefix + term , wdfinc )
144 elif isinstance ( positions , int ) :
145 self . _doc . add_posting ( prefix + term , positions , wdfinc )
146 else :
147 self . _doc . add_term ( prefix + term , wdfinc )
148 for pos in positions :
149 self . _doc . add_posting ( prefix + term , pos , 0 )
150
151 - def add_value ( self , field , value , purpose = '' ) :
152 """Add a value to the document.
153 154 Values are additional units of information used when performing 155 searches. Note that values are _not_ intended to be used to store 156 information for display in the search results - use the document data 157 for that. The intention is that as little information as possible is 158 stored in values, so that they can be accessed as quickly as possible 159 during the search operation. 160 161 Unlike terms, each document may have at most one value in each field 162 (whereas there may be an arbitrary number of terms in a given field). 163 If an attempt to add multiple values to a single field is made, only 164 the last value added will be stored. 165 166 """ 167 slot = self . _fieldmappings . get_slot ( field , purpose )
168 self . _doc . add_value ( slot , value )
169
171 """Get a value from the document.
172 173 """ 174 slot = self . _fieldmappings . get_slot ( field , purpose )
175 return self . _doc . get_value ( slot )
176
178 """Prepare the document for adding to a xapian database.
179 180 This updates the internal xapian document with any changes which have 181 been made, and then returns it. 182 183 """ 184 if self . _data is not None :
185 self . _doc . set_data ( cPickle . dumps ( self . _data , 2 ) )
186 self . _data = None
187 return self . _doc
188
190 if self . _data is None :
191 rawdata = self . _doc . get_data ( )
192 if rawdata == '' :
193 self . _data = { }
194 else :
195 self . _data = cPickle . loads ( rawdata )
196 return self . _data
198 if not isinstance ( data , dict ) :
199 raise TypeError ( "Cannot set data to any type other than a dict" )
200 self . _data = data
201 data = property ( _get_data , _set_data , doc =
202 """The data stored in this processed document.
203 204 This data is a dictionary of entries, where the key is a fieldname, and the 205 value is a list of strings. 206 207 """ ) 208
210 tl = self . _doc . termlist ( )
211 try :
212 term = tl . skip_to ( 'Q' ) . term
213 if len ( term ) == 0 or term [ 0 ] != 'Q' :
214 return None
215 except StopIteration :
216 return None
217 return term [ 1 : ]
219 tl = self . _doc . termlist ( )
220 try :
221 term = tl . skip_to ( 'Q' ) . term
222 except StopIteration :
223 term = ''
224 if len ( term ) != 0 and term [ 0 ] == 'Q' :
225 self . _doc . remove_term ( term )
226 if id is not None :
227 self . _doc . add_term ( 'Q' + id , 0 )
228 id = property ( _get_id , _set_id , doc =
229 """The unique ID for this document.
230 231 """ ) 232
234 return '<ProcessedDocument(%r)>' % ( self . id )
235
236 if __name__ == '__main__' : 237 import doctest , sys
238 doctest . testmod ( sys . modules [ __name__ ] )
239
xappy.datastructures.Field
Class Field source code
object --+
|
Field
__init__ (self ,
name ,
value )
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__setattr__,
__str__
name
value
Inherited from object :
__class__
x.__init__(...) initializes x; see x.__class__.__doc__ for
signature
Overrides:
object.__init__
(inherited documentation)
repr(x)
Overrides:
object.__repr__
(inherited documentation)
xappy.datastructures.ProcessedDocument
Class ProcessedDocument source code
object --+
|
ProcessedDocument
Known Subclasses:
searchconnection.SearchResult
A processed document, as stored in the index.
This represents an item which is ready to be stored in the search engine,
or which has been returned by the search engine.
get_value (self ,
field ,
purpose =''
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__setattr__,
__str__
data
id
Inherited from object :
__class__
__init__ (self ,
fieldmappings ,
xapdoc =None )(Constructor)
source code
Create a ProcessedDocument.
fieldmappings is the configuration from a database connection used lookup
the configuration to use to store each field.
If supplied, xapdoc is a Xapian document to store in the processed
document. Otherwise, a new Xapian document is created.
Overrides:
object.__init__
add_term (self ,
field ,
term ,
wdfinc =1 ,
positions =None ) source code
Add a term to the document.
Terms are the main unit of information used for performing searches.
field is the field to add the term to.term is the term to add.wdfinc is the value to increase the within-document-frequency
measure for the term by.positions is the positional information to add for the term.
This may be None to indicate that there is no positional information,
or may be an integer to specify one position, or may be a sequence of
integers to specify several positions. (Note that the wdf is not
increased automatically for each position: if you add a term at 7
positions, and the wdfinc value is 2, the total wdf for the term will
only be increased by 2, not by 14.)
Add a value to the document.
Values are additional units of information used when performing
searches. Note that values are _not_ intended to be used to store
information for display in the search results - use the document data
for that. The intention is that as little information as possible is
stored in values, so that they can be accessed as quickly as possible
during the search operation.
Unlike terms, each document may have at most one value in each field
(whereas there may be an arbitrary number of terms in a given field).
If an attempt to add multiple values to a single field is made, only
the last value added will be stored.
Prepare the document for adding to a xapian database.
This updates the internal xapian document with any changes which have
been made, and then returns it.
repr(x)
Overrides:
object.__repr__
(inherited documentation)
xappy.datastructures.UnprocessedDocument
Class UnprocessedDocument source code
object --+
|
UnprocessedDocument
A unprocessed document to be passed to the indexer.
This represents an item to be processed and stored in the search engine.
Each document will be processed by the indexer to generate a
ProcessedDocument, which can then be stored in the search engine index.
Note that some information in an UnprocessedDocument will not be
represented in the ProcessedDocument: therefore, it is not possible to
retrieve an UnprocessedDocument from the search engine index.
An unprocessed document is a simple container with two attributes:
fields is a list of Field objects, or an iterator returning Field
objects.id is a string holding a unique identifier for the document (or
None to get the database to allocate a unique identifier automatically
when the document is added).
__init__ (self ,
id =None ,
fields =None )
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__setattr__,
__str__
fields
id
Inherited from object :
__class__
__init__ (self ,
id =None ,
fields =None )(Constructor)
source code
x.__init__(...) initializes x; see x.__class__.__doc__ for
signature
Overrides:
object.__init__
(inherited documentation)
repr(x)
Overrides:
object.__repr__
(inherited documentation)
xappy.errors
Module errors source code
SearchEngineError
IndexerError
SearchError
XapianError
xappy-0.5/docs/api/xappy.errors-pysrc.html 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000050175 11005555243 020542 0 ustar richard richard
xappy.errors
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18 r"""errors.py: Exceptions for the search engine core. 19 20 """ 21 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en" 22
24 r"""Base class for exceptions thrown by the search engine.
25 26 Any errors generated by xappy itself, or by xapian, will be instances of 27 this class or its subclasses. 28 29 """ 30
32 r"""Class used to report errors relating to the indexing API.
33 34 """ 35
37 r"""Class used to report errors relating to the search API.
38 39 """ 40
41
43 r"""Base class for exceptions thrown by the xapian.
44 45 Any errors generated by xapian will be instances of this class or its 46 subclasses. 47 48 """ 49
51 """Add new base classes for all the xapian exceptions.
52 53 """ 54 import xapian
55 for name in (
56 'AssertionError' ,
57 'DatabaseCorruptError' ,
58 'DatabaseCreateError' ,
59 'DatabaseError' ,
60 'DatabaseLockError' ,
61 'DatabaseModifiedError' ,
62 'DatabaseOpeningError' ,
63 'DatabaseVersionError' ,
64 'DocNotFoundError' ,
65
66
67
68
69
70 'FeatureUnavailableError' ,
71 'InternalError' ,
72 'InvalidArgumentError' ,
73 'InvalidOperationError' ,
74 'LogicError' ,
75 'NetworkError' ,
76 'NetworkTimeoutError' ,
77 'QueryParserError' ,
78 'RangeError' ,
79 'RuntimeError' ,
80 'UnimplementedError' ,
81 ) :
82 xapian_exception = getattr ( xapian , name , None )
83 if xapian_exception is not None :
84 xapian_exception . __bases__ += ( XapianError , )
85 globals ( ) [ 'Xapian' + name ] = xapian_exception
86
87 _rebase_xapian_exceptions ( ) 88
xappy.errors.IndexerError
Class IndexerError source code
object --+
|
exceptions.BaseException --+
|
exceptions.Exception --+
|
SearchEngineError --+
|
IndexerError
Inherited from exceptions.Exception :
__init__,
__new__
Inherited from exceptions.BaseException :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__getitem__,
__getslice__,
__reduce__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__setstate__,
__str__
Inherited from object :
__hash__,
__reduce_ex__
Inherited from exceptions.BaseException :
args,
message
Inherited from object :
__class__
xappy-0.5/docs/api/xappy.errors.SearchEngineError-class.html 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000014575 11005555242 024056 0 ustar richard richard
xappy.errors.SearchEngineError
Class SearchEngineError source code
object --+
|
exceptions.BaseException --+
|
exceptions.Exception --+
|
SearchEngineError
Known Subclasses:
IndexerError ,
SearchError ,
XapianError
Base class for exceptions thrown by the search engine.
Any errors generated by xappy itself, or by xapian, will be instances of
this class or its subclasses.
Inherited from exceptions.Exception :
__init__,
__new__
Inherited from exceptions.BaseException :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__getitem__,
__getslice__,
__reduce__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__setstate__,
__str__
Inherited from object :
__hash__,
__reduce_ex__
Inherited from exceptions.BaseException :
args,
message
Inherited from object :
__class__
xappy-0.5/docs/api/xappy.errors.SearchError-class.html 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000014211 11005555242 022713 0 ustar richard richard
xappy.errors.SearchError
Class SearchError source code
object --+
|
exceptions.BaseException --+
|
exceptions.Exception --+
|
SearchEngineError --+
|
SearchError
Inherited from exceptions.Exception :
__init__,
__new__
Inherited from exceptions.BaseException :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__getitem__,
__getslice__,
__reduce__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__setstate__,
__str__
Inherited from object :
__hash__,
__reduce_ex__
Inherited from exceptions.BaseException :
args,
message
Inherited from object :
__class__
xappy-0.5/docs/api/xappy.errors.XapianError-class.html 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000014341 11005555242 022732 0 ustar richard richard
xappy.errors.XapianError
Class XapianError source code
object --+
|
exceptions.BaseException --+
|
exceptions.Exception --+
|
SearchEngineError --+
|
XapianError
Base class for exceptions thrown by the xapian.
Any errors generated by xapian will be instances of this class or its
subclasses.
Inherited from exceptions.Exception :
__init__,
__new__
Inherited from exceptions.BaseException :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__getitem__,
__getslice__,
__reduce__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__setstate__,
__str__
Inherited from object :
__hash__,
__reduce_ex__
Inherited from exceptions.BaseException :
args,
message
Inherited from object :
__class__
xappy-0.5/docs/api/xappy.fieldactions-module.html 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000012164 11005555242 022012 0 ustar richard richard
xappy.fieldactions
Module fieldactions source code xappy.fieldactions
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18 r"""fieldactions.py: Definitions and implementations of field actions. 19 20 """ 21 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en" 22
23 import _checkxapian 24 import errors 25 import marshall 26 from replaylog import log 27 import xapian 28 import parsedate 29
30 - def _act_store_content ( fieldname , doc , value , context ) :
31 """Perform the STORE_CONTENT action.
32 33 """ 34 try :
35 fielddata = doc . data [ fieldname ]
36 except KeyError :
37 fielddata = [ ]
38 doc . data [ fieldname ] = fielddata
39 fielddata . append ( value )
40
42 """Perform the INDEX_EXACT action.
43 44 """ 45 doc . add_term ( fieldname , value , 0 )
46
47 - def _act_tag ( fieldname , doc , value , context ) :
48 """Perform the TAG action.
49 50 """ 51 doc . add_term ( fieldname , value . lower ( ) , 0 )
52
53 - def _act_facet ( fieldname , doc , value , context , type = None ) :
54 """Perform the FACET action.
55 56 """ 57 if type is None or type == 'string' :
58 value = value . lower ( )
59 doc . add_term ( fieldname , value , 0 )
60 serialiser = log ( xapian . StringListSerialiser ,
61 doc . get_value ( fieldname , 'facet' ) )
62 serialiser . append ( value )
63 doc . add_value ( fieldname , serialiser . get ( ) , 'facet' )
64 else :
65 marshaller = SortableMarshaller ( )
66 fn = marshaller . get_marshall_function ( fieldname , type )
67 doc . add_value ( fieldname , fn ( fieldname , value ) , 'facet' )
68
69 - def _act_index_freetext ( fieldname , doc , value , context , weight = 1 , 70 language = None , stop = None , spell = False ,
71 nopos = False ,
72 allow_field_specific = True ,
73 search_by_default = True ) :
74 """Perform the INDEX_FREETEXT action.
75 76 """ 77 termgen = log ( xapian . TermGenerator )
78 if language is not None :
79 termgen . set_stemmer ( log ( xapian . Stem , language ) )
80
81 if stop is not None :
82 stopper = log ( xapian . SimpleStopper )
83 for term in stop :
84 stopper . add ( term )
85 termgen . set_stopper ( stopper )
86
87 if spell :
88 termgen . set_database ( context . index )
89 termgen . set_flags ( termgen . FLAG_SPELLING )
90
91 termgen . set_document ( doc . _doc )
92
93 if search_by_default :
94 termgen . set_termpos ( context . current_position )
95
96
97 if nopos :
98 termgen . index_text_without_positions ( value , weight , '' )
99 else :
100 termgen . index_text ( value , weight , '' )
101
102 if allow_field_specific :
103
104
105 prefix = doc . _fieldmappings . get_prefix ( fieldname )
106 if len ( prefix ) != 0 :
107 termgen . set_termpos ( context . current_position )
108 if nopos :
109 termgen . index_text_without_positions ( value , weight , prefix )
110 else :
111 termgen . index_text ( value , weight , prefix )
112
113
114
115 termgen . increase_termpos ( 10 )
116 context . current_position = termgen . get_termpos ( )
117
119 """Implementation of marshalling for sortable values.
120 121 """
127
129 """Marshall a value for sorting in lexicograpical order.
130 131 This returns the input as the output, since strings already sort in 132 lexicographical order. 133 134 """ 135 return value
136
138 """Marshall a value for sorting as a floating point value.
139 140 """ 141
142 try :
143 value = float ( value )
144 except ValueError :
145 raise self . _err ( "Value supplied to field %r must be a "
146 "valid floating point number: was %r" %
147 ( fieldname , value ) )
148 return marshall . float_to_string ( value )
149
161
163 """Get a function used to marshall values of a given sorttype.
164 165 """ 166 try :
167 return {
168 None : self . marshall_string ,
169 'string' : self . marshall_string ,
170 'float' : self . marshall_float ,
171 'date' : self . marshall_date ,
172 } [ sorttype ]
173 except KeyError :
174 raise self . _err ( "Unknown sort type %r for field %r" %
175 ( sorttype , fieldname ) )
176
177
186
187 - class ActionContext ( object ) :
188 """The context in which an action is performed.
189 190 This is just used to pass term generators, word positions, and the like 191 around. 192 193 """ 194 - def __init__ ( self , index ) :
195 self . current_language = None
196 self . current_position = 0
197 self . index = index
198
200 """An object describing the actions to be performed on a field.
201 202 The supported actions are: 203 204 - `STORE_CONTENT`: store the unprocessed content of the field in the search 205 engine database. All fields which need to be displayed or used when 206 displaying the search results need to be given this action. 207 208 - `INDEX_EXACT`: index the exact content of the field as a single search 209 term. Fields whose contents need to be searchable as an "exact match" 210 need to be given this action. 211 212 - `INDEX_FREETEXT`: index the content of this field as text. The content 213 will be split into terms, allowing free text searching of the field. Four 214 optional parameters may be supplied: 215 216 - 'weight' is a multiplier to apply to the importance of the field. This 217 must be an integer, and the default value is 1. 218 - 'language' is the language to use when processing the field. This can 219 be expressed as an ISO 2-letter language code. The supported languages 220 are those supported by the xapian core in use. 221 - 'stop' is an iterable of stopwords to filter out of the generated 222 terms. Note that due to Xapian design, only non-positional terms are 223 affected, so this is of limited use. 224 - 'spell' is a boolean flag - if true, the contents of the field will be 225 used for spelling correction. 226 - 'nopos' is a boolean flag - if true, positional information is not 227 stored. 228 - 'allow_field_specific' is a boolean flag - if False, prevents terms with the field 229 prefix being generated. This means that searches specific to this 230 field will not work, and thus should only be used when only non-field 231 specific searches are desired. Defaults to True. 232 - 'search_by_default' is a boolean flag - if False, the field will not be 233 searched by non-field specific searches. If True, or omitted, the 234 field will be included in searches for non field-specific searches. 235 236 - `SORTABLE`: index the content of the field such that it can be used to 237 sort result sets. It also allows result sets to be restricted to those 238 documents with a field values in a given range. One optional parameter 239 may be supplied: 240 241 - 'type' is a value indicating how to sort the field. It has several 242 possible values: 243 244 - 'string' - sort in lexicographic (ie, alphabetical) order. 245 This is the default, used if no type is set. 246 - 'float' - treat the values as (decimal representations of) floating 247 point numbers, and sort in numerical order. The values in the field 248 must be valid floating point numbers (according to Python's float() 249 function). 250 - 'date' - sort in date order. The values must be valid dates (either 251 Python datetime.date objects, or ISO 8601 format (ie, YYYYMMDD or 252 YYYY-MM-DD). 253 254 - `COLLAPSE`: index the content of the field such that it can be used to 255 "collapse" result sets, such that only the highest result with each value 256 of the field will be returned. 257 258 - `TAG`: the field contains tags; these are strings, which will be matched 259 in a case insensitive way, but otherwise must be exact matches. Tag 260 fields can be searched for by making an explict query (ie, using 261 query_field(), but not with query_parse()). A list of the most frequent 262 tags in a result set can also be accessed easily. 263 264 - `FACET`: the field represents a classification facet; these are strings 265 which will be matched exactly, but a list of all the facets present in 266 the result set can also be accessed easily - in addition, a suitable 267 subset of the facets, and a selection of the facet values, present in the 268 result set can be calculated. One optional parameter may be supplied: 269 270 - 'type' is a value indicating the type of facet contained in the field: 271 272 - 'string' - the facet values are exact binary strings. 273 - 'float' - the facet values are floating point numbers. 274 275 """ 276
277
278 STORE_CONTENT = 1
279 INDEX_EXACT = 2
280 INDEX_FREETEXT = 3
281 SORTABLE = 4
282 COLLAPSE = 5
283 TAG = 6
284 FACET = 7
285
286
287
288
289 SORT_AND_COLLAPSE = - 1
290
291 _unsupported_actions = [ ]
292
293 if 'tags' in _checkxapian . missing_features :
294 _unsupported_actions . append ( TAG )
295 if 'facets' in _checkxapian . missing_features :
296 _unsupported_actions . append ( FACET )
297
299
300 self . _actions = { }
301 self . _fieldname = fieldname
302
303 - def add ( self , field_mappings , action , ** kwargs ) :
304 """Add an action to perform on a field.
305 306 """ 307 if action in self . _unsupported_actions :
308 raise errors . IndexerError ( "Action unsupported with this release of xapian" )
309
310 if action not in ( FieldActions . STORE_CONTENT ,
311 FieldActions . INDEX_EXACT ,
312 FieldActions . INDEX_FREETEXT ,
313 FieldActions . SORTABLE ,
314 FieldActions . COLLAPSE ,
315 FieldActions . TAG ,
316 FieldActions . FACET ,
317 ) :
318 raise errors . IndexerError ( "Unknown field action: %r" % action )
319
320 info = self . _action_info [ action ]
321
322
323 for key in kwargs . keys ( ) :
324 if key not in info [ 1 ] :
325 raise errors . IndexerError ( "Unknown parameter name for action %r: %r" % ( info [ 0 ] , key ) )
326
327
328
329
330 if action == FieldActions . INDEX_EXACT :
331 if FieldActions . INDEX_FREETEXT in self . _actions :
332 raise errors . IndexerError ( "Field %r is already marked for indexing "
333 "as free text: cannot mark for indexing "
334 "as exact text as well" % self . _fieldname )
335 if action == FieldActions . INDEX_FREETEXT :
336 if FieldActions . INDEX_EXACT in self . _actions :
337 raise errors . IndexerError ( "Field %r is already marked for indexing "
338 "as exact text: cannot mark for indexing "
339 "as free text as well" % self . _fieldname )
340
341
342
343
344
345
346 if action == FieldActions . SORTABLE or action == FieldActions . COLLAPSE :
347 if action == FieldActions . COLLAPSE :
348 sorttype = None
349 else :
350 try :
351 sorttype = kwargs [ 'type' ]
352 except KeyError :
353 sorttype = 'string'
354 kwargs [ 'type' ] = sorttype
355 action = FieldActions . SORT_AND_COLLAPSE
356
357 try :
358 oldsortactions = self . _actions [ FieldActions . SORT_AND_COLLAPSE ]
359 except KeyError :
360 oldsortactions = ( )
361
362 if len ( oldsortactions ) > 0 :
363 for oldsortaction in oldsortactions :
364 oldsorttype = oldsortaction [ 'type' ]
365
366 if sorttype == oldsorttype or oldsorttype is None :
367
368 self . _actions [ action ] = [ ]
369 elif sorttype is None :
370
371 return
372 else :
373 raise errors . IndexerError ( "Field %r is already marked for "
374 "sorting, with a different "
375 "sort type" % self . _fieldname )
376
377 if 'prefix' in info [ 3 ] :
378 field_mappings . add_prefix ( self . _fieldname )
379 if 'slot' in info [ 3 ] :
380 purposes = info [ 3 ] [ 'slot' ]
381 if isinstance ( purposes , basestring ) :
382 field_mappings . add_slot ( self . _fieldname , purposes )
383 else :
384 slotnum = None
385 for purpose in purposes :
386 slotnum = field_mappings . get_slot ( self . _fieldname , purpose )
387 if slotnum is not None :
388 break
389 for purpose in purposes :
390 field_mappings . add_slot ( self . _fieldname , purpose , slotnum = slotnum )
391
392
393 if action not in self . _actions :
394 self . _actions [ action ] = [ ]
395
396
397 for old_action in self . _actions [ action ] :
398 if old_action == kwargs :
399 return
400
401
402 self . _actions [ action ] . append ( kwargs )
403
416
417 _action_info = {
418 STORE_CONTENT : ( 'STORE_CONTENT' , ( ) , _act_store_content , { } , ) ,
419 INDEX_EXACT : ( 'INDEX_EXACT' , ( ) , _act_index_exact , { 'prefix' : True } , ) ,
420 INDEX_FREETEXT : ( 'INDEX_FREETEXT' , ( 'weight' , 'language' , 'stop' , 'spell' , 'nopos' , 'allow_field_specific' , 'search_by_default' , ) ,
421 _act_index_freetext , { 'prefix' : True , } , ) ,
422 SORTABLE : ( 'SORTABLE' , ( 'type' , ) , None , { 'slot' : 'collsort' , } , ) ,
423 COLLAPSE : ( 'COLLAPSE' , ( ) , None , { 'slot' : 'collsort' , } , ) ,
424 TAG : ( 'TAG' , ( ) , _act_tag , { 'prefix' : True , } , ) ,
425 FACET : ( 'FACET' , ( 'type' , ) , _act_facet , { 'prefix' : True , 'slot' : 'facet' , } , ) ,
426
427 SORT_AND_COLLAPSE : ( 'SORT_AND_COLLAPSE' , ( 'type' , ) , _act_sort_and_collapse , { 'slot' : 'collsort' , } , ) ,
428 }
429
430 if __name__ == '__main__' : 431 import doctest , sys
432 doctest . testmod ( sys . modules [ __name__ ] )
433
xappy.fieldactions.ActionContext
Class ActionContext source code
object --+
|
ActionContext
The context in which an action is performed.
This is just used to pass term generators, word positions, and the like
around.
__init__ (self ,
index )
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__str__
Inherited from object :
__class__
x.__init__(...) initializes x; see x.__class__.__doc__ for
signature
Overrides:
object.__init__
(inherited documentation)
xappy.fieldactions.FieldActions
Class FieldActions source code
object --+
|
FieldActions
An object describing the actions to be performed on a field.
The supported actions are:
STORE_CONTENT : store the unprocessed content of the field in the search
engine database. All fields which need to be displayed or used when
displaying the search results need to be given this action.INDEX_EXACT : index the exact content of the field as a single search
term. Fields whose contents need to be searchable as an "exact match"
need to be given this action.INDEX_FREETEXT : index the content of this field as text. The content
will be split into terms, allowing free text searching of the field. Four
optional parameters may be supplied:
'weight' is a multiplier to apply to the importance of the field. This
must be an integer, and the default value is 1.
'language' is the language to use when processing the field. This can
be expressed as an ISO 2-letter language code. The supported languages
are those supported by the xapian core in use.
'stop' is an iterable of stopwords to filter out of the generated
terms. Note that due to Xapian design, only non-positional terms are
affected, so this is of limited use.
'spell' is a boolean flag - if true, the contents of the field will be
used for spelling correction.
'nopos' is a boolean flag - if true, positional information is not
stored.
'allow_field_specific' is a boolean flag - if False, prevents terms with the field
prefix being generated. This means that searches specific to this
field will not work, and thus should only be used when only non-field
specific searches are desired. Defaults to True.
'search_by_default' is a boolean flag - if False, the field will not be
searched by non-field specific searches. If True, or omitted, the
field will be included in searches for non field-specific searches.
SORTABLE : index the content of the field such that it can be used to
sort result sets. It also allows result sets to be restricted to those
documents with a field values in a given range. One optional parameter
may be supplied:
'type' is a value indicating how to sort the field. It has several
possible values:
'string' - sort in lexicographic (ie, alphabetical) order.
This is the default, used if no type is set.
'float' - treat the values as (decimal representations of) floating
point numbers, and sort in numerical order. The values in the field
must be valid floating point numbers (according to Python's float()
function).
'date' - sort in date order. The values must be valid dates (either
Python datetime.date objects, or ISO 8601 format (ie, YYYYMMDD or
YYYY-MM-DD).
COLLAPSE : index the content of the field such that it can be used to
"collapse" result sets, such that only the highest result with each value
of the field will be returned.TAG : the field contains tags; these are strings, which will be matched
in a case insensitive way, but otherwise must be exact matches. Tag
fields can be searched for by making an explict query (ie, using
query_field(), but not with query_parse()). A list of the most frequent
tags in a result set can also be accessed easily.FACET : the field represents a classification facet; these are strings
which will be matched exactly, but a list of all the facets present in
the result set can also be accessed easily - in addition, a suitable
subset of the facets, and a selection of the facet values, present in the
result set can be calculated. One optional parameter may be supplied:
'type' is a value indicating the type of facet contained in the field:
'string' - the facet values are exact binary strings.
'float' - the facet values are floating point numbers.
__init__ (self ,
fieldname )
source code
add (self ,
field_mappings ,
action ,
**kwargs )
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__str__
STORE_CONTENT = 1
INDEX_EXACT = 2
INDEX_FREETEXT = 3
SORTABLE = 4
COLLAPSE = 5
TAG = 6
FACET = 7
SORT_AND_COLLAPSE = -1
Inherited from object :
__class__
x.__init__(...) initializes x; see x.__class__.__doc__ for
signature
Overrides:
object.__init__
(inherited documentation)
Perform the actions on the field.
doc is a ProcessedDocument to store the result of the actions in.value is a string holding the value of the field.context is an ActionContext object used to keep state in.
xappy.fieldactions.SortableMarshaller
Class SortableMarshaller source code
object --+
|
SortableMarshaller
__init__ (self ,
indexing =True )
source code
marshall_float (self ,
fieldname ,
value )
source code
marshall_date (self ,
fieldname ,
value )
source code
get_marshall_function (self ,
fieldname ,
sorttype )
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__str__
Inherited from object :
__class__
__init__ (self ,
indexing =True )(Constructor)
source code
x.__init__(...) initializes x; see x.__class__.__doc__ for
signature
Overrides:
object.__init__
(inherited documentation)
Marshall a value for sorting in lexicograpical order.
This returns the input as the output, since strings already sort in
lexicographical order.
xappy.fieldmappings
Module fieldmappings source code
FieldMappings
xappy-0.5/docs/api/xappy.fieldmappings-pysrc.html 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000107412 11005555243 022045 0 ustar richard richard
xappy.fieldmappings
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18 r"""fieldmappings.py: Mappings from field names to term prefixes, etc. 19 20 """ 21 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en" 22
23 import cPickle as _cPickle 24
26 """Mappings from field names to term prefixes, slot values, etc.
27 28 The following mappings are maintained: 29 30 - a mapping from field name to the string prefix to insert at the start of 31 terms. 32 - a mapping from field name to the slot numbers to store the field contents 33 in. 34 35 """ 36 __slots__ = '_prefixes' , '_prefixcount' , '_slots' , '_slotcount' ,
37
39 """Create a new field mapping object, or unserialise a saved one.
40 41 """ 42 if serialised is not None :
43 ( self . _prefixes , self . _prefixcount ,
44 self . _slots , self . _slotcount ) = _cPickle . loads ( serialised )
45 else :
46 self . _prefixes = { }
47 self . _prefixcount = 0
48 self . _slots = { }
49 self . _slotcount = 0
50
52 """Generate a previously unused prefix.
53 54 Prefixes are uppercase letters, and start with 'X' (this is a Xapian 55 convention, for compatibility with other Xapian tools: other starting 56 letters are reserved for special meanings): 57 58 >>> maps = FieldMappings() 59 >>> maps._genPrefix() 60 'XA' 61 >>> maps._genPrefix() 62 'XB' 63 >>> [maps._genPrefix() for i in xrange(60)] 64 ['XC', 'XD', 'XE', 'XF', 'XG', 'XH', 'XI', 'XJ', 'XK', 'XL', 'XM', 'XN', 'XO', 'XP', 'XQ', 'XR', 'XS', 'XT', 'XU', 'XV', 'XW', 'XX', 'XY', 'XZ', 'XAA', 'XBA', 'XCA', 'XDA', 'XEA', 'XFA', 'XGA', 'XHA', 'XIA', 'XJA', 'XKA', 'XLA', 'XMA', 'XNA', 'XOA', 'XPA', 'XQA', 'XRA', 'XSA', 'XTA', 'XUA', 'XVA', 'XWA', 'XXA', 'XYA', 'XZA', 'XAB', 'XBB', 'XCB', 'XDB', 'XEB', 'XFB', 'XGB', 'XHB', 'XIB', 'XJB'] 65 >>> maps = FieldMappings() 66 >>> [maps._genPrefix() for i in xrange(27*26 + 5)][-10:] 67 ['XVZ', 'XWZ', 'XXZ', 'XYZ', 'XZZ', 'XAAA', 'XBAA', 'XCAA', 'XDAA', 'XEAA'] 68 """ 69 res = [ ]
70 self . _prefixcount += 1
71 num = self . _prefixcount
72 while num != 0 :
73 ch = ( num - 1 ) % 26
74 res . append ( chr ( ch + ord ( 'A' ) ) )
75 num -= ch
76 num = num // 26
77 return 'X' + '' . join ( res )
78
80 """Get a fieldname from a prefix.
81 82 If the prefix is not found, return None. 83 84 """ 85 for key , val in self . _prefixes . iteritems ( ) :
86 if val == prefix :
87 return key
88 return None
89
91 """Get the prefix used for a given field name.
92 93 """ 94 return self . _prefixes [ fieldname ]
95
97 """Get the slot number used for a given field name and purpose.
98 99 """ 100 return self . _slots [ ( fieldname , purpose ) ]
101
103 """Allocate a prefix for the given field.
104 105 If a prefix is already allocated for this field, this has no effect. 106 107 """ 108 if fieldname in self . _prefixes :
109 return
110 self . _prefixes [ fieldname ] = self . _genPrefix ( )
111
112 - def add_slot ( self , fieldname , purpose , slotnum = None ) :
113 """Allocate a slot number for the given field and purpose.
114 115 If a slot number is already allocated for this field and purpose, this 116 has no effect. 117 118 Returns the slot number allocated for the field and purpose (whether 119 newly allocated, or previously allocated). 120 121 If `slotnum` is supplied, the number contained in it is used to 122 allocate the new slot, instead of allocating a new number. No checks 123 will be made to ensure that the slot number doesn't collide with 124 existing (or later allocated) numbers: the main purpose of this 125 parameter is to share allocations - ie, to collide deliberately. 126 127 """ 128 try :
129 return self . _slots [ ( fieldname , purpose ) ]
130 except KeyError :
131 pass
132
133 if slotnum is None :
134 self . _slots [ ( fieldname , purpose ) ] = self . _slotcount
135 self . _slotcount += 1
136 return self . _slotcount - 1
137 else :
138 self . _slots [ ( fieldname , purpose ) ] = slotnum
139 return slotnum
140
142 """Serialise the field mappings to a string.
143 144 This can be unserialised by passing the result of this method to the 145 constructor of a new FieldMappings object. 146 147 """ 148 return _cPickle . dumps ( ( self . _prefixes ,
149 self . _prefixcount ,
150 self . _slots ,
151 self . _slotcount ,
152 ) , 2 )
153
xappy.fieldmappings.FieldMappings
Class FieldMappings source code
object --+
|
FieldMappings
Mappings from field names to term prefixes, slot values, etc.
The following mappings are maintained:
a mapping from field name to the string prefix to insert at the start of
terms.
a mapping from field name to the slot numbers to store the field contents
in.
__init__ (self ,
serialised =None )
source code
get_prefix (self ,
fieldname )
source code
get_slot (self ,
fieldname ,
purpose )
source code
add_slot (self ,
fieldname ,
purpose ,
slotnum =None )
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__str__
Inherited from object :
__class__
__init__ (self ,
serialised =None )(Constructor)
source code
Create a new field mapping object, or unserialise a saved one.
Overrides:
object.__init__
Get a fieldname from a prefix.
If the prefix is not found, return None.
Allocate a prefix for the given field.
If a prefix is already allocated for this field, this has no effect.
add_slot (self ,
fieldname ,
purpose ,
slotnum =None ) source code
Allocate a slot number for the given field and purpose.
If a slot number is already allocated for this field and purpose, this
has no effect.
Returns the slot number allocated for the field and purpose (whether
newly allocated, or previously allocated).
If slotnum is supplied, the number contained in it is used to
allocate the new slot, instead of allocating a new number. No checks
will be made to ensure that the slot number doesn't collide with
existing (or later allocated) numbers: the main purpose of this
parameter is to share allocations - ie, to collide deliberately.
Serialise the field mappings to a string.
This can be unserialised by passing the result of this method to the
constructor of a new FieldMappings object.
xappy.highlight
Module highlight source code
Highlighter
__test__ = {'apostrophes': '\n\n >>> hl = Highlighter(\'en\...
__test__
Value:
{'apostrophes': ''' >>> hl = Highlighter(\'en\')
>>> hl.makeSample("A boring start. Hello world\'s indeed. A boring end.", [\'world\'], 40, (\'<\', \'>\'))
"A boring start. Hello <world\'s> indeed..."
''',
...
xappy.highlight
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18 r"""highlight.py: Highlight and summarise text. 19 20 """ 21 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en" 22
23 import re 24 import xapian 25
27 """Class for highlighting text and creating contextual summaries.
28 29 >>> hl = Highlighter("en") 30 >>> hl.makeSample('Hello world.', ['world']) 31 'Hello world.' 32 >>> hl.highlight('Hello world', ['world'], ('<', '>')) 33 'Hello <world>' 34 35 """ 36
37
38 _split_re = re . compile ( r'<\w+[^>]*>|</\w+>|[\w\']+|\s+|[^\w\'\s<>/]+' )
39
40 - def __init__ ( self , language_code = 'en' , stemmer = None ) :
41 """Create a new highlighter for the specified language.
42 43 """ 44 if stemmer is not None :
45 self . stem = stemmer
46 else :
47 self . stem = xapian . Stem ( language_code )
48
49 - def _split_text ( self , text , strip_tags = False ) :
50 """Split some text into words and non-words.
51 52 - `text` is the text to process. It may be a unicode object or a utf-8 53 encoded simple string. 54 - `strip_tags` is a flag - False to keep tags, True to strip all tags 55 from the output. 56 57 Returns a list of utf-8 encoded simple strings. 58 59 """ 60 if isinstance ( text , unicode ) :
61 text = text . encode ( 'utf-8' )
62
63 words = self . _split_re . findall ( text )
64 if strip_tags :
65 return [ w for w in words if w [ 0 ] != '<' ]
66 else :
67 return words
68
70 """Strip the prefix off a term.
71 72 Prefixes are any initial capital letters, with the exception that R always 73 ends a prefix, even if followed by capital letters. 74 75 >>> hl = Highlighter("en") 76 >>> print hl._strip_prefix('hello') 77 hello 78 >>> print hl._strip_prefix('Rhello') 79 hello 80 >>> print hl._strip_prefix('XARHello') 81 Hello 82 >>> print hl._strip_prefix('XAhello') 83 hello 84 >>> print hl._strip_prefix('XAh') 85 h 86 >>> print hl._strip_prefix('XA') 87 <BLANKLINE> 88 89 """ 90 for p in xrange ( len ( term ) ) :
91 if term [ p ] . islower ( ) :
92 return term [ p : ]
93 elif term [ p ] == 'R' :
94 return term [ p + 1 : ]
95 return ''
96
98 """Convert a query to a list of stemmed words.
99 100 - `query` is the query to parse: it may be xapian.Query object, or a 101 sequence of terms. 102 103 """ 104 if isinstance ( query , xapian . Query ) :
105 return [ self . _strip_prefix ( t ) for t in query ]
106 else :
107 return [ self . stem ( q . lower ( ) ) for q in query ]
108
109
110 - def makeSample ( self , text , query , maxlen = 600 , hl = None ) :
111 """Make a contextual summary from the supplied text.
112 113 This basically works by splitting the text into phrases, counting the query 114 terms in each, and keeping those with the most. 115 116 Any markup tags in the text will be stripped. 117 118 `text` is the source text to summarise. 119 `query` is either a Xapian query object or a list of (unstemmed) term strings. 120 `maxlen` is the maximum length of the generated summary. 121 `hl` is a pair of strings to insert around highlighted terms, e.g. ('<b>', '</b>') 122 123 """ 124
125
126 maxlen = int ( maxlen )
127
128 words = self . _split_text ( text , True )
129 terms = self . _query_to_stemmed_words ( query )
130
131
132
133 blocks = [ ]
134 start = end = count = blockchars = 0
135
136 while end < len ( words ) :
137 blockchars += len ( words [ end ] )
138 if words [ end ] . isalnum ( ) :
139 if self . stem ( words [ end ] . lower ( ) ) in terms :
140 count += 1
141 end += 1
142 elif words [ end ] in ',.;:?!\n' :
143 end += 1
144 blocks . append ( [ start , end , blockchars , count , False ] )
145 start = end
146 blockchars = 0
147 count = 0
148 else :
149 end += 1
150 if start != end :
151 blocks . append ( [ start , end , blockchars , count , False ] )
152 if len ( blocks ) == 0 :
153 return ''
154
155
156 chars = 0
157 for count in xrange ( 3 , - 1 , - 1 ) :
158 for b in blocks :
159 if b [ 3 ] >= count :
160 b [ 4 ] = True
161 chars += b [ 2 ]
162 if chars >= maxlen : break
163 if chars >= maxlen : break
164
165
166 words2 = [ ]
167 lastblock = - 1
168 for i , b in enumerate ( blocks ) :
169 if b [ 4 ] :
170 if i != lastblock + 1 :
171 words2 . append ( '..' )
172 words2 . extend ( words [ b [ 0 ] : b [ 1 ] ] )
173 lastblock = i
174
175 if not blocks [ - 1 ] [ 4 ] :
176 words2 . append ( '..' )
177
178
179 l = 0
180 for i in xrange ( len ( words2 ) ) :
181 l += len ( words2 [ i ] )
182 if l >= maxlen :
183 words2 [ i : ] = [ '..' ]
184 break
185
186 if hl is None :
187 return '' . join ( words2 )
188 else :
189 return self . _hl ( words2 , terms , hl )
190
191 - def highlight ( self , text , query , hl , strip_tags = False ) :
192 """Add highlights (string prefix/postfix) to a string.
193 194 `text` is the source to highlight. 195 `query` is either a Xapian query object or a list of (unstemmed) term strings. 196 `hl` is a pair of highlight strings, e.g. ('<i>', '</i>') 197 `strip_tags` strips HTML markout iff True 198 199 >>> hl = Highlighter() 200 >>> qp = xapian.QueryParser() 201 >>> q = qp.parse_query('cat dog') 202 >>> tags = ('[[', ']]') 203 >>> hl.highlight('The cat went Dogging; but was <i>dog tired</i>.', q, tags) 204 'The [[cat]] went [[Dogging]]; but was <i>[[dog]] tired</i>.' 205 206 """ 207 words = self . _split_text ( text , strip_tags )
208 terms = self . _query_to_stemmed_words ( query )
209 return self . _hl ( words , terms , hl )
210
211 - def _hl ( self , words , terms , hl ) :
212 """Add highlights to a list of words.
213 214 `words` is the list of words and non-words to be highlighted.. 215 `terms` is the list of stemmed words to look for. 216 217 """ 218 for i , w in enumerate ( words ) :
219
220 wl = w . lower ( )
221 if wl in terms or self . stem ( wl ) in terms :
222 words [ i ] = '' . join ( ( hl [ 0 ] , w , hl [ 1 ] ) )
223
224 return '' . join ( words )
225
226
227 __test__ = { 228 'no_punc' : r'''
229 230 Test the highlighter's behaviour when there is no punctuation in the sample 231 text (regression test - used to return no output): 232 >>> hl = Highlighter("en") 233 >>> hl.makeSample('Hello world', ['world']) 234 'Hello world' 235 236 ''' , 237
238 'stem_levels' : r'''
239 240 Test highlighting of words, and how it works with stemming: 241 >>> hl = Highlighter("en") 242 243 # "word" and "wording" stem to "word", so the following 4 calls all return 244 # the same thing 245 >>> hl.makeSample('Hello. word. wording. wordinging.', ['word'], hl='<>') 246 'Hello. <word>. <wording>. wordinging.' 247 >>> hl.highlight('Hello. word. wording. wordinging.', ['word'], '<>') 248 'Hello. <word>. <wording>. wordinging.' 249 >>> hl.makeSample('Hello. word. wording. wordinging.', ['wording'], hl='<>') 250 'Hello. <word>. <wording>. wordinging.' 251 >>> hl.highlight('Hello. word. wording. wordinging.', ['wording'], '<>') 252 'Hello. <word>. <wording>. wordinging.' 253 254 # "wordinging" stems to "wording", so only the last two words are 255 # highlighted for this one. 256 >>> hl.makeSample('Hello. word. wording. wordinging.', ['wordinging'], hl='<>') 257 'Hello. word. <wording>. <wordinging>.' 258 >>> hl.highlight('Hello. word. wording. wordinging.', ['wordinging'], '<>') 259 'Hello. word. <wording>. <wordinging>.' 260 ''' , 261
262 'supplied_stemmer' : r'''
263 264 Test behaviour if we pass in our own stemmer: 265 >>> stem = xapian.Stem('en') 266 >>> hl = Highlighter(stemmer=stem) 267 >>> hl.highlight('Hello. word. wording. wordinging.', ['word'], '<>') 268 'Hello. <word>. <wording>. wordinging.' 269 270 ''' , 271
272 'unicode' : r'''
273 274 Test behaviour if we pass in unicode input: 275 >>> hl = Highlighter('en') 276 >>> hl.highlight(u'Hello\xf3. word. wording. wordinging.', ['word'], '<>') 277 'Hello\xc3\xb3. <word>. <wording>. wordinging.' 278 279 ''' , 280
281 'no_sample' : r'''
282 283 Test behaviour if we pass in unicode input: 284 >>> hl = Highlighter('en') 285 >>> hl.makeSample(u'', ['word']) 286 '' 287 288 ''' , 289
290 'short_samples' : r'''
291 292 >>> hl = Highlighter('en') 293 >>> hl.makeSample("A boring start. Hello world indeed. A boring end.", ['hello'], 20, ('<', '>')) 294 '.. <Hello> world ..' 295 >>> hl.makeSample("A boring start. Hello world indeed. A boring end.", ['hello'], 40, ('<', '>')) 296 'A boring start. <Hello> world indeed...' 297 >>> hl.makeSample("A boring start. Hello world indeed. A boring end.", ['boring'], 40, ('<', '>')) 298 'A <boring> start... A <boring> end.' 299 300 ''' , 301
302 'apostrophes' : r'''
303 304 >>> hl = Highlighter('en') 305 >>> hl.makeSample("A boring start. Hello world's indeed. A boring end.", ['world'], 40, ('<', '>')) 306 "A boring start. Hello <world's> indeed..." 307 308 ''' , 309
310 } 311
312 if __name__ == '__main__' : 313 import doctest , sys
314 doctest . testmod ( sys . modules [ __name__ ] )
315
xappy.highlight.Highlighter
Class Highlighter source code
object --+
|
Highlighter
Class for highlighting text and creating contextual summaries.
>>> hl = Highlighter("en" )
>>> hl.makeSample('Hello world.' , ['world' ])
'Hello world.'
>>> hl.highlight('Hello world' , ['world' ], ('<' , '>' ))
'Hello <world>'
__init__ (self ,
language_code ='en'stemmer =None )
source code
makeSample (self ,
text ,
query ,
maxlen =600 ,
hl =None )
source code
highlight (self ,
text ,
query ,
hl ,
strip_tags =False )
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__str__
Inherited from object :
__class__
__init__ (self ,
language_code ='en'stemmer =None )(Constructor)
source code
Create a new highlighter for the specified language.
Overrides:
object.__init__
makeSample (self ,
text ,
query ,
maxlen =600 ,
hl =None ) source code
Make a contextual summary from the supplied text.
This basically works by splitting the text into phrases, counting the query
terms in each, and keeping those with the most.
Any markup tags in the text will be stripped.
text is the source text to summarise.
query is either a Xapian query object or a list of (unstemmed) term strings.
maxlen is the maximum length of the generated summary.
hl is a pair of strings to insert around highlighted terms, e.g. ('<b>', '</b>')
highlight (self ,
text ,
query ,
hl ,
strip_tags =False ) source code
Add highlights (string prefix/postfix) to a string.
text is the source to highlight.
query is either a Xapian query object or a list of (unstemmed) term strings.
hl is a pair of highlight strings, e.g. ('<i>', '</i>')
strip_tags strips HTML markout iff True
>>> hl = Highlighter()
>>> qp = xapian.QueryParser()
>>> q = qp.parse_query('cat dog' )
>>> tags = ('[[' , ']]' )
>>> hl.highlight('The cat went Dogging; but was <i>dog tired</i>.' , q, tags)
'The [[cat]] went [[Dogging]]; but was <i>[[dog]] tired</i>.'
xappy.indexerconnection
Module indexerconnection source code xappy.indexerconnection
1
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4
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7
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10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18 r"""indexerconnection.py: A connection to the search engine for indexing. 19 20 """ 21 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en" 22
23 import _checkxapian 24 import cPickle 25 import xapian 26
27 from datastructures import * 28 import errors 29 from fieldactions import * 30 import fieldmappings 31 import memutils 32 from replaylog import log 33
35 """A connection to the search engine for indexing.
36 37 """ 38
40 """Create a new connection to the index.
41 42 There may only be one indexer connection for a particular database open 43 at a given time. Therefore, if a connection to the database is already 44 open, this will raise a xapian.DatabaseLockError. 45 46 If the database doesn't already exist, it will be created. 47 48 """ 49 self . _index = log ( xapian . WritableDatabase , indexpath , xapian . DB_CREATE_OR_OPEN )
50 self . _indexpath = indexpath
51
52
53 self . _field_actions = { }
54 self . _field_mappings = fieldmappings . FieldMappings ( )
55 self . _facet_hierarchy = { }
56 self . _facet_query_table = { }
57 self . _next_docid = 0
58 self . _config_modified = False
59 self . _load_config ( )
60
61
62
63 self . _mem_buffered = 0
64 self . set_max_mem_use ( )
65
67 """Set the maximum memory to use.
68 69 This call allows the amount of memory to use to buffer changes to be 70 set. This will affect the speed of indexing, but should not result in 71 other changes to the indexing. 72 73 Note: this is an approximate measure - the actual amount of memory used 74 max exceed the specified amount. Also, note that future versions of 75 xapian are likely to implement this differently, so this setting may be 76 entirely ignored. 77 78 The absolute amount of memory to use (in bytes) may be set by setting 79 max_mem. Alternatively, the proportion of the available memory may be 80 set by setting max_mem_proportion (this should be a value between 0 and 81 1). 82 83 Setting too low a value will result in excessive flushing, and very 84 slow indexing. Setting too high a value will result in excessive 85 buffering, leading to swapping, and very slow indexing. 86 87 A reasonable default for max_mem_proportion for a system which is 88 dedicated to indexing is probably 0.5: if other tasks are also being 89 performed on the system, the value should be lowered. 90 91 """ 92 if self . _index is None :
93 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
94 if max_mem is not None and max_mem_proportion is not None :
95 raise errors . IndexerError ( "Only one of max_mem and "
96 "max_mem_proportion may be specified" )
97
98 if max_mem is None and max_mem_proportion is None :
99 self . _max_mem = None
100
101 if max_mem_proportion is not None :
102 physmem = memutils . get_physical_memory ( )
103 if physmem is not None :
104 max_mem = int ( physmem * max_mem_proportion )
105
106 self . _max_mem = max_mem
107
109 """Store the configuration for the database.
110 111 Currently, this stores the configuration in a file in the database 112 directory, so changes to it are not protected by transactions. When 113 support is available in xapian for storing metadata associated with 114 databases. this will be used instead of a file. 115 116 """ 117 assert self . _index is not None
118
119 config_str = cPickle . dumps ( (
120 self . _field_actions ,
121 self . _field_mappings . serialise ( ) ,
122 self . _facet_hierarchy ,
123 self . _facet_query_table ,
124 self . _next_docid ,
125 ) , 2 )
126 log ( self . _index . set_metadata , '_xappy_config' , config_str )
127
128 self . _config_modified = False
129
131 """Load the configuration for the database.
132 133 """ 134 assert self . _index is not None
135
136 config_str = log ( self . _index . get_metadata , '_xappy_config' )
137 if len ( config_str ) == 0 :
138 return
139
140 try :
141 ( self . _field_actions , mappings , self . _facet_hierarchy , self . _facet_query_table , self . _next_docid ) = cPickle . loads ( config_str )
142 except ValueError :
143
144 ( self . _field_actions , mappings , self . _next_docid ) = cPickle . loads ( config_str )
145 self . _facet_hierarchy = { }
146 self . _facet_query_table = { }
147 self . _field_mappings = fieldmappings . FieldMappings ( mappings )
148
149 self . _config_modified = False
150
152 """Allocate a new ID.
153 154 """ 155 while True :
156 idstr = "%x" % self . _next_docid
157 self . _next_docid += 1
158 if not self . _index . term_exists ( 'Q' + idstr ) :
159 break
160 self . _config_modified = True
161 return idstr
162
164 """Add an action to be performed on a field.
165 166 Note that this change to the configuration will not be preserved on 167 disk until the next call to flush(). 168 169 """ 170 if self . _index is None :
171 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
172 if fieldname in self . _field_actions :
173 actions = self . _field_actions [ fieldname ]
174 else :
175 actions = FieldActions ( fieldname )
176 self . _field_actions [ fieldname ] = actions
177 actions . add ( self . _field_mappings , fieldtype , ** kwargs )
178 self . _config_modified = True
179
181 """Clear all actions for the specified field.
182 183 This does not report an error if there are already no actions for the 184 specified field. 185 186 Note that this change to the configuration will not be preserved on 187 disk until the next call to flush(). 188 189 """ 190 if self . _index is None :
191 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
192 if fieldname in self . _field_actions :
193 del self . _field_actions [ fieldname ]
194 self . _config_modified = True
195
197 """Get a list of field names which have actions defined.
198 199 """ 200 if self . _index is None :
201 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
202 return self . _field_actions . keys ( )
203
205 """Process an UnprocessedDocument with the settings in this database.
206 207 The resulting ProcessedDocument is returned. 208 209 Note that this processing will be automatically performed if an 210 UnprocessedDocument is supplied to the add() or replace() methods of 211 IndexerConnection. This method is exposed to allow the processing to 212 be performed separately, which may be desirable if you wish to manually 213 modify the processed document before adding it to the database, or if 214 you want to split processing of documents from adding documents to the 215 database for performance reasons. 216 217 """ 218 if self . _index is None :
219 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
220 result = ProcessedDocument ( self . _field_mappings )
221 result . id = document . id
222 context = ActionContext ( self . _index )
223
224 for field in document . fields :
225 try :
226 actions = self . _field_actions [ field . name ]
227 except KeyError :
228
229 continue
230 actions . perform ( result , field . value , context )
231
232 return result
233
235 """Get an estimate of the bytes used by the terms in a document.
236 237 (This is a very rough estimate.) 238 239 """ 240 count = 0
241 for item in xapdoc . termlist ( ) :
242
243
244 count += len ( item . term ) * 2
245
246
247
248 count += 8
249
250
251
252 return count * 5
253
254 - def add ( self , document ) :
255 """Add a new document to the search engine index.
256 257 If the document has a id set, and the id already exists in 258 the database, an exception will be raised. Use the replace() method 259 instead if you wish to overwrite documents. 260 261 Returns the id of the newly added document (making up a new 262 unique ID if no id was set). 263 264 The supplied document may be an instance of UnprocessedDocument, or an 265 instance of ProcessedDocument. 266 267 """ 268 if self . _index is None :
269 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
270 if not hasattr ( document , '_doc' ) :
271
272 document = self . process ( document )
273
274
275 orig_id = document . id
276 if orig_id is None :
277 id = self . _allocate_id ( )
278 document . id = id
279 else :
280 id = orig_id
281 if self . _index . term_exists ( 'Q' + id ) :
282 raise errors . IndexerError ( "Document ID of document supplied to add() is not unique." )
283
284
285 xapdoc = document . prepare ( )
286 self . _index . add_document ( xapdoc )
287
288 if self . _max_mem is not None :
289 self . _mem_buffered += self . _get_bytes_used_by_doc_terms ( xapdoc )
290 if self . _mem_buffered > self . _max_mem :
291 self . flush ( )
292
293 if id is not orig_id :
294 document . id = orig_id
295 return id
296
298 """Replace a document in the search engine index.
299 300 If the document does not have a id set, an exception will be 301 raised. 302 303 If the document has a id set, and the id does not already 304 exist in the database, this method will have the same effect as add(). 305 306 """ 307 if self . _index is None :
308 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
309 if not hasattr ( document , '_doc' ) :
310
311 document = self . process ( document )
312
313
314 id = document . id
315 if id is None :
316 raise errors . IndexerError ( "No document ID set for document supplied to replace()." )
317
318 xapdoc = document . prepare ( )
319 self . _index . replace_document ( 'Q' + id , xapdoc )
320
321 if self . _max_mem is not None :
322 self . _mem_buffered += self . _get_bytes_used_by_doc_terms ( xapdoc )
323 if self . _mem_buffered > self . _max_mem :
324 self . flush ( )
325
327 """Make a synonym key (ie, the term or group of terms to store in
328 xapian). 329 330 """ 331 if field is not None :
332 prefix = self . _field_mappings . get_prefix ( field )
333 else :
334 prefix = ''
335 original = original . lower ( )
336
337 return ' ' . join ( ( prefix + word for word in original . split ( ' ' ) ) )
338
339 - def add_synonym ( self , original , synonym , field = None ,
340 original_field = None , synonym_field = None ) :
341 """Add a synonym to the index.
342 343 - `original` is the word or words which will be synonym expanded in 344 searches (if multiple words are specified, each word should be 345 separated by a single space). 346 - `synonym` is a synonym for `original`. 347 - `field` is the field which the synonym is specific to. If no field 348 is specified, the synonym will be used for searches which are not 349 specific to any particular field. 350 351 """ 352 if self . _index is None :
353 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
354 if original_field is None :
355 original_field = field
356 if synonym_field is None :
357 synonym_field = field
358 key = self . _make_synonym_key ( original , original_field )
359
360
361 value = self . _make_synonym_key ( synonym , synonym_field )
362 self . _index . add_synonym ( key , value )
363
365 """Remove a synonym from the index.
366 367 - `original` is the word or words which will be synonym expanded in 368 searches (if multiple words are specified, each word should be 369 separated by a single space). 370 - `synonym` is a synonym for `original`. 371 - `field` is the field which this synonym is specific to. If no field 372 is specified, the synonym will be used for searches which are not 373 specific to any particular field. 374 375 """ 376 if self . _index is None :
377 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
378 key = self . _make_synonym_key ( original , field )
379 self . _index . remove_synonym ( key , synonym . lower ( ) )
380
382 """Remove all synonyms for a word (or phrase).
383 384 - `field` is the field which this synonym is specific to. If no field 385 is specified, the synonym will be used for searches which are not 386 specific to any particular field. 387 388 """ 389 if self . _index is None :
390 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
391 key = self . _make_synonym_key ( original , field )
392 self . _index . clear_synonyms ( key )
393
395 """Raise an error if facet is not a declared facet field.
396 397 """ 398 for action in self . _field_actions [ facet ] . _actions :
399 if action == FieldActions . FACET :
400 return
401 raise errors . IndexerError ( "Field %r is not indexed as a facet" % facet )
402
404 """Add a subfacet-facet relationship to the facet hierarchy.
405 406 Any existing relationship for that subfacet is replaced. 407 408 Raises a KeyError if either facet or subfacet is not a field, 409 and an IndexerError if either facet or subfacet is not a facet field. 410 """ 411 if self . _index is None :
412 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
413 self . _assert_facet ( facet )
414 self . _assert_facet ( subfacet )
415 self . _facet_hierarchy [ subfacet ] = facet
416 self . _config_modified = True
417
419 """Remove any existing facet hierarchy relationship for a subfacet.
420 421 """ 422 if self . _index is None :
423 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
424 if subfacet in self . _facet_hierarchy :
425 del self . _facet_hierarchy [ subfacet ]
426 self . _config_modified = True
427
429 """Get a list of subfacets of a facet.
430 431 """ 432 if self . _index is None :
433 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
434 return [ k for k , v in self . _facet_hierarchy . iteritems ( ) if v == facet ]
435
436 FacetQueryType_Preferred = 1 ;
437 FacetQueryType_Never = 2 ;
439 """Set the association between a query type and a facet.
440 441 The value of `association` must be one of 442 IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Preferred, 443 IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Never or None. A value of None removes 444 any previously set association. 445 446 """ 447 if self . _index is None :
448 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
449 if query_type is None :
450 raise errors . IndexerError ( "Cannot set query type information for None" )
451 self . _assert_facet ( facet )
452 if query_type not in self . _facet_query_table :
453 self . _facet_query_table [ query_type ] = { }
454 if association is None :
455 if facet in self . _facet_query_table [ query_type ] :
456 del self . _facet_query_table [ query_type ] [ facet ]
457 else :
458 self . _facet_query_table [ query_type ] [ facet ] = association ;
459 if self . _facet_query_table [ query_type ] == { } :
460 del self . _facet_query_table [ query_type ]
461 self . _config_modified = True
462
464 """Get the set of facets associated with a query type.
465 466 Only those facets associated with the query type in the specified 467 manner are returned; `association` must be one of 468 IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Preferred or 469 IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Never. 470 471 If the query type has no facets associated with it, None is returned. 472 473 """ 474 if self . _index is None :
475 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
476 if query_type not in self . _facet_query_table :
477 return None
478 facet_dict = self . _facet_query_table [ query_type ]
479 return set ( [ facet for facet , assoc in facet_dict . iteritems ( ) if assoc == association ] )
480
505
519
521 """Delete a document from the search engine index.
522 523 If the id does not already exist in the database, this method 524 will have no effect (and will not report an error). 525 526 """ 527 if self . _index is None :
528 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
529 self . _index . delete_document ( 'Q' + id )
530
532 """Apply recent changes to the database.
533 534 If an exception occurs, any changes since the last call to flush() may 535 be lost. 536 537 """ 538 if self . _index is None :
539 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
540 if self . _config_modified :
541 self . _store_config ( )
542 self . _index . flush ( )
543 self . _mem_buffered = 0
544
546 """Close the connection to the database.
547 548 It is important to call this method before allowing the class to be 549 garbage collected, because it will ensure that any un-flushed changes 550 will be flushed. It also ensures that the connection is cleaned up 551 promptly. 552 553 No other methods may be called on the connection after this has been 554 called. (It is permissible to call close() multiple times, but 555 only the first call will have any effect.) 556 557 If an exception occurs, the database will be closed, but changes since 558 the last call to flush may be lost. 559 560 """ 561 if self . _index is None :
562 return
563 try :
564 self . flush ( )
565 finally :
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573 self . _index = None
574 self . _indexpath = None
575 self . _field_actions = None
576 self . _config_modified = False
577
579 """Count the number of documents in the database.
580 581 This count will include documents which have been added or removed but 582 not yet flushed(). 583 584 """ 585 if self . _index is None :
586 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
587 return self . _index . get_doccount ( )
588
590 """Get an iterator which returns all the ids in the database.
591 592 The unqiue_ids are currently returned in binary lexicographical sort 593 order, but this should not be relied on. 594 595 """ 596 if self . _index is None :
597 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
598 return PrefixedTermIter ( 'Q' , self . _index . allterms ( ) )
599
601 """Get the document with the specified unique ID.
602 603 Raises a KeyError if there is no such document. Otherwise, it returns 604 a ProcessedDocument. 605 606 """ 607 if self . _index is None :
608 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
609 postlist = self . _index . postlist ( 'Q' + id )
610 try :
611 plitem = postlist . next ( )
612 except StopIteration :
613
614 raise KeyError ( 'Unique ID %r not found' % id )
615 try :
616 postlist . next ( )
617 raise errors . IndexerError ( "Multiple documents "
618 "found with same unique ID" )
619 except StopIteration :
620
621 pass
622
623 result = ProcessedDocument ( self . _field_mappings )
624 result . id = id
625 result . _doc = self . _index . get_document ( plitem . docid )
626 return result
627
629 """Get an iterator over the synonyms.
630 631 - `prefix`: if specified, only synonym keys with this prefix will be 632 returned. 633 634 The iterator returns 2-tuples, in which the first item is the key (ie, 635 a 2-tuple holding the term or terms which will be synonym expanded, 636 followed by the fieldname specified (or None if no fieldname)), and the 637 second item is a tuple of strings holding the synonyms for the first 638 item. 639 640 These return values are suitable for the dict() builtin, so you can 641 write things like: 642 643 >>> conn = IndexerConnection('foo') 644 >>> conn.add_synonym('foo', 'bar') 645 >>> conn.add_synonym('foo bar', 'baz') 646 >>> conn.add_synonym('foo bar', 'foo baz') 647 >>> dict(conn.iter_synonyms()) 648 {('foo', None): ('bar',), ('foo bar', None): ('baz', 'foo baz')} 649 650 """ 651 if self . _index is None :
652 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
653 return SynonymIter ( self . _index , self . _field_mappings , prefix )
654
656 """Get an iterator over the facet hierarchy.
657 658 The iterator returns 2-tuples, in which the first item is the 659 subfacet and the second item is its parent facet. 660 661 The return values are suitable for the dict() builtin, for example: 662 663 >>> conn = IndexerConnection('db') 664 >>> conn.add_field_action('foo', FieldActions.FACET) 665 >>> conn.add_field_action('bar', FieldActions.FACET) 666 >>> conn.add_field_action('baz', FieldActions.FACET) 667 >>> conn.add_subfacet('foo', 'bar') 668 >>> conn.add_subfacet('baz', 'bar') 669 >>> dict(conn.iter_subfacets()) 670 {'foo': 'bar', 'baz': 'bar'} 671 672 """ 673 if self . _index is None :
674 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
675 if 'facets' in _checkxapian . missing_features :
676 raise errors . IndexerError ( "Facets unsupported with this release of xapian" )
677 return self . _facet_hierarchy . iteritems ( )
678
680 """Get an iterator over query types and their associated facets.
681 682 Only facets associated with the query types in the specified manner 683 are returned; `association` must be one of IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Preferred 684 or IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Never. 685 686 The iterator returns 2-tuples, in which the first item is the query 687 type and the second item is the associated set of facets. 688 689 The return values are suitable for the dict() builtin, for example: 690 691 >>> conn = IndexerConnection('db') 692 >>> conn.add_field_action('foo', FieldActions.FACET) 693 >>> conn.add_field_action('bar', FieldActions.FACET) 694 >>> conn.add_field_action('baz', FieldActions.FACET) 695 >>> conn.set_facet_for_query_type('type1', 'foo', conn.FacetQueryType_Preferred) 696 >>> conn.set_facet_for_query_type('type1', 'bar', conn.FacetQueryType_Never) 697 >>> conn.set_facet_for_query_type('type1', 'baz', conn.FacetQueryType_Never) 698 >>> conn.set_facet_for_query_type('type2', 'bar', conn.FacetQueryType_Preferred) 699 >>> dict(conn.iter_facet_query_types(conn.FacetQueryType_Preferred)) 700 {'type1': set(['foo']), 'type2': set(['bar'])} 701 >>> dict(conn.iter_facet_query_types(conn.FacetQueryType_Never)) 702 {'type1': set(['bar', 'baz'])} 703 704 """ 705 if self . _index is None :
706 raise errors . IndexerError ( "IndexerConnection has been closed" )
707 if 'facets' in _checkxapian . missing_features :
708 raise errors . IndexerError ( "Facets unsupported with this release of xapian" )
709 return FacetQueryTypeIter ( self . _facet_query_table , association )
710
712 """Iterate through all the terms with a given prefix.
713 714 """
716 """Initialise the prefixed term iterator.
717 718 - `prefix` is the prefix to return terms for. 719 - `termiter` is a xapian TermIterator, which should be at its start. 720 721 """ 722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730 assert ( len ( prefix ) == 1 )
731
732 self . _started = False
733 self . _prefix = prefix
734 self . _prefixlen = len ( prefix )
735 self . _termiter = termiter
736
739
741 """Get the next term with the specified prefix.
742 743 """ 744 if not self . _started :
745 term = self . _termiter . skip_to ( self . _prefix ) . term
746 self . _started = True
747 else :
748 term = self . _termiter . next ( ) . term
749 if len ( term ) < self . _prefixlen or term [ : self . _prefixlen ] != self . _prefix :
750 raise StopIteration
751 return term [ self . _prefixlen : ]
752
753
755 """Iterate through a list of synonyms.
756 757 """ 758 - def __init__ ( self , index , field_mappings , prefix ) :
759 """Initialise the synonym iterator.
760 761 - `index` is the index to get the synonyms from. 762 - `field_mappings` is the FieldMappings object for the iterator. 763 - `prefix` is the prefix to restrict the returned synonyms to. 764 765 """ 766 self . _index = index
767 self . _field_mappings = field_mappings
768 self . _syniter = self . _index . synonym_keys ( prefix )
769
772
774 """Get the next synonym.
775 776 """ 777 synkey = self . _syniter . next ( )
778 pos = 0
779 for char in synkey :
780 if char . isupper ( ) : pos += 1
781 else : break
782 if pos == 0 :
783 fieldname = None
784 terms = synkey
785 else :
786 prefix = synkey [ : pos ]
787 fieldname = self . _field_mappings . get_fieldname_from_prefix ( prefix )
788 terms = ' ' . join ( ( term [ pos : ] for term in synkey . split ( ' ' ) ) )
789 synval = tuple ( self . _index . synonyms ( synkey ) )
790 return ( ( terms , fieldname ) , synval )
791
793 """Iterate through all the query types and their associated facets.
794 795 """ 796 - def __init__ ( self , facet_query_table , association ) :
797 """Initialise the query type facet iterator.
798 799 Only facets associated with each query type in the specified 800 manner are returned (`association` must be one of 801 IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Preferred or 802 IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Never). 803 804 """ 805 self . _table_iter = facet_query_table . iteritems ( )
806 self . _association = association
807
810
812 """Get the next (query type, facet set) 2-tuple.
813 814 """ 815 query_type , facet_dict = self . _table_iter . next ( )
816 facet_list = [ facet for facet , association in facet_dict . iteritems ( ) if association == self . _association ]
817 if len ( facet_list ) == 0 :
818 return self . next ( )
819 return ( query_type , set ( facet_list ) )
820
821 if __name__ == '__main__' : 822 import doctest , sys
823 doctest . testmod ( sys . modules [ __name__ ] )
824
xappy.indexerconnection.FacetQueryTypeIter
Class FacetQueryTypeIter source code
object --+
|
FacetQueryTypeIter
__init__ (self ,
facet_query_table ,
association )
source code
next (self )
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__str__
Inherited from object :
__class__
__init__ (self ,
facet_query_table ,
association )(Constructor)
source code
Initialise the query type facet iterator.
Only facets associated with each query type in the specified
manner are returned (association must be one of
IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Preferred or
IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Never).
Overrides:
object.__init__
xappy.indexerconnection.IndexerConnection
Class IndexerConnection source code
object --+
|
IndexerConnection
get_fields_with_actions (self )
source code
process (self ,
document )
source code
add (self ,
document )
source code
add_synonym (self ,
original ,
synonym ,
field =None ,
original_field =None ,
synonym_field =None )
source code
remove_subfacet (self ,
subfacet )
source code
get_subfacets (self ,
facet )
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__str__
FacetQueryType_Preferred = 1
FacetQueryType_Never = 2
Inherited from object :
__class__
Create a new connection to the index.
There may only be one indexer connection for a particular database open
at a given time. Therefore, if a connection to the database is already
open, this will raise a xapian.DatabaseLockError.
If the database doesn't already exist, it will be created.
Overrides:
object.__init__
set_max_mem_use (self ,
max_mem =None ,
max_mem_proportion =None ) source code
Set the maximum memory to use.
This call allows the amount of memory to use to buffer changes to be
set. This will affect the speed of indexing, but should not result in
other changes to the indexing.
Note: this is an approximate measure - the actual amount of memory used
max exceed the specified amount. Also, note that future versions of
xapian are likely to implement this differently, so this setting may be
entirely ignored.
The absolute amount of memory to use (in bytes) may be set by setting
max_mem. Alternatively, the proportion of the available memory may be
set by setting max_mem_proportion (this should be a value between 0 and
1).
Setting too low a value will result in excessive flushing, and very
slow indexing. Setting too high a value will result in excessive
buffering, leading to swapping, and very slow indexing.
A reasonable default for max_mem_proportion for a system which is
dedicated to indexing is probably 0.5: if other tasks are also being
performed on the system, the value should be lowered.
add_field_action (self ,
fieldname ,
fieldtype ,
**kwargs ) source code
Add an action to be performed on a field.
Note that this change to the configuration will not be preserved on
disk until the next call to flush().
Clear all actions for the specified field.
This does not report an error if there are already no actions for the
specified field.
Note that this change to the configuration will not be preserved on
disk until the next call to flush().
Process an UnprocessedDocument with the settings in this database.
The resulting ProcessedDocument is returned.
Note that this processing will be automatically performed if an
UnprocessedDocument is supplied to the add() or replace() methods of
IndexerConnection. This method is exposed to allow the processing to
be performed separately, which may be desirable if you wish to manually
modify the processed document before adding it to the database, or if
you want to split processing of documents from adding documents to the
database for performance reasons.
Add a new document to the search engine index.
If the document has a id set, and the id already exists in
the database, an exception will be raised. Use the replace() method
instead if you wish to overwrite documents.
Returns the id of the newly added document (making up a new
unique ID if no id was set).
The supplied document may be an instance of UnprocessedDocument, or an
instance of ProcessedDocument.
Replace a document in the search engine index.
If the document does not have a id set, an exception will be
raised.
If the document has a id set, and the id does not already
exist in the database, this method will have the same effect as add().
add_synonym (self ,
original ,
synonym ,
field =None ,
original_field =None ,
synonym_field =None ) source code
Add a synonym to the index.
original is the word or words which will be synonym expanded in
searches (if multiple words are specified, each word should be
separated by a single space).synonym is a synonym for original.field is the field which the synonym is specific to. If no field
is specified, the synonym will be used for searches which are not
specific to any particular field.
remove_synonym (self ,
original ,
synonym ,
field =None ) source code
Remove a synonym from the index.
original is the word or words which will be synonym expanded in
searches (if multiple words are specified, each word should be
separated by a single space).synonym is a synonym for original.field is the field which this synonym is specific to. If no field
is specified, the synonym will be used for searches which are not
specific to any particular field.
Remove all synonyms for a word (or phrase).
field is the field which this synonym is specific to. If no field
is specified, the synonym will be used for searches which are not
specific to any particular field.
Add a subfacet-facet relationship to the facet hierarchy.
Any existing relationship for that subfacet is replaced.
Raises a KeyError if either facet or subfacet is not a field,
and an IndexerError if either facet or subfacet is not a facet field.
set_facet_for_query_type (self ,
query_type ,
facet ,
association ) source code
Set the association between a query type and a facet.
The value of association must be one of
IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Preferred,
IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Never or None. A value of None removes
any previously set association.
get_facets_for_query_type (self ,
query_type ,
association ) source code
Get the set of facets associated with a query type.
Only those facets associated with the query type in the specified
manner are returned; association must be one of
IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Preferred or
IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Never.
If the query type has no facets associated with it, None is returned.
Set an item of metadata stored in the connection.
The value supplied will be returned by subsequent calls to
get_metadata() which use the same key.
Keys with a leading underscore are reserved for internal use - you
should not use such keys unless you really know what you are doing.
This will store the value supplied in the database. It will not be
visible to readers (ie, search connections) until after the next flush.
The key is limited to about 200 characters (the same length as a term
is limited to). The value can be several megabytes in size.
To remove an item of metadata, simply call this with a value
parameter containing an empty string.
Get an item of metadata stored in the connection.
This returns a value stored by a previous call to set_metadata.
If the value is not found, this will return the empty string.
Delete a document from the search engine index.
If the id does not already exist in the database, this method
will have no effect (and will not report an error).
Apply recent changes to the database.
If an exception occurs, any changes since the last call to flush() may
be lost.
Close the connection to the database.
It is important to call this method before allowing the class to be
garbage collected, because it will ensure that any un-flushed changes
will be flushed. It also ensures that the connection is cleaned up
promptly.
No other methods may be called on the connection after this has been
called. (It is permissible to call close() multiple times, but
only the first call will have any effect.)
If an exception occurs, the database will be closed, but changes since
the last call to flush may be lost.
Count the number of documents in the database.
This count will include documents which have been added or removed but
not yet flushed().
Get an iterator which returns all the ids in the database.
The unqiue_ids are currently returned in binary lexicographical sort
order, but this should not be relied on.
Get the document with the specified unique ID.
Raises a KeyError if there is no such document. Otherwise, it returns
a ProcessedDocument.
Get an iterator over the synonyms.
prefix: if specified, only synonym keys with this prefix will be
returned.
The iterator returns 2-tuples, in which the first item is the key (ie,
a 2-tuple holding the term or terms which will be synonym expanded,
followed by the fieldname specified (or None if no fieldname)), and the
second item is a tuple of strings holding the synonyms for the first
item.
These return values are suitable for the dict() builtin, so you can
write things like:
>>> conn = IndexerConnection('foo' )
>>> conn.add_synonym('foo' , 'bar' )
>>> conn.add_synonym('foo bar' , 'baz' )
>>> conn.add_synonym('foo bar' , 'foo baz' )
>>> dict(conn.iter_synonyms())
{('foo', None): ('bar',), ('foo bar', None): ('baz', 'foo baz')}
Get an iterator over the facet hierarchy.
The iterator returns 2-tuples, in which the first item is the
subfacet and the second item is its parent facet.
The return values are suitable for the dict() builtin, for example:
>>> conn = IndexerConnection('db' )
>>> conn.add_field_action('foo' , FieldActions.FACET)
>>> conn.add_field_action('bar' , FieldActions.FACET)
>>> conn.add_field_action('baz' , FieldActions.FACET)
>>> conn.add_subfacet('foo' , 'bar' )
>>> conn.add_subfacet('baz' , 'bar' )
>>> dict(conn.iter_subfacets())
{'foo': 'bar', 'baz': 'bar'}
Get an iterator over query types and their associated facets.
Only facets associated with the query types in the specified manner
are returned; association must be one of IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Preferred
or IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Never.
The iterator returns 2-tuples, in which the first item is the query
type and the second item is the associated set of facets.
The return values are suitable for the dict() builtin, for example:
>>> conn = IndexerConnection('db' )
>>> conn.add_field_action('foo' , FieldActions.FACET)
>>> conn.add_field_action('bar' , FieldActions.FACET)
>>> conn.add_field_action('baz' , FieldActions.FACET)
>>> conn.set_facet_for_query_type('type1' , 'foo' , conn.FacetQueryType_Preferred)
>>> conn.set_facet_for_query_type('type1' , 'bar' , conn.FacetQueryType_Never)
>>> conn.set_facet_for_query_type('type1' , 'baz' , conn.FacetQueryType_Never)
>>> conn.set_facet_for_query_type('type2' , 'bar' , conn.FacetQueryType_Preferred)
>>> dict(conn.iter_facet_query_types(conn.FacetQueryType_Preferred))
{'type1': set(['foo']), 'type2': set(['bar'])}
>>> dict(conn.iter_facet_query_types(conn.FacetQueryType_Never))
{'type1': set(['bar', 'baz'])}
xappy.indexerconnection.PrefixedTermIter
Class PrefixedTermIter source code
object --+
|
PrefixedTermIter
next (self )
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__str__
Inherited from object :
__class__
__init__ (self ,
prefix ,
termiter )(Constructor)
source code
Initialise the prefixed term iterator.
prefix is the prefix to return terms for.termiter is a xapian TermIterator, which should be at its start.
Overrides:
object.__init__
xappy.indexerconnection.SynonymIter
Class SynonymIter source code
object --+
|
SynonymIter
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__str__
Inherited from object :
__class__
__init__ (self ,
index ,
field_mappings ,
prefix )(Constructor)
source code
Initialise the synonym iterator.
index is the index to get the synonyms from.field_mappings is the FieldMappings object for the iterator.prefix is the prefix to restrict the returned synonyms to.
Overrides:
object.__init__
xappy.marshall
Module marshall source code
float_to_string (value )
source code
date_to_string (date )
source code
xappy-0.5/docs/api/xappy.marshall-pysrc.html 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000027031 11005555243 021024 0 ustar richard richard
xappy.marshall
1
2
3
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5
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7
8
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16
17
18 r"""marshall.py: Marshal values into strings 19 20 """ 21 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en" 22
23 import math 24 import xapian 25 from replaylog import log as _log 26
28 """Marshall a floating point number to a string which sorts in the
29 appropriate manner. 30 31 """ 32 return _log ( xapian . sortable_serialise , value )
33
35 """Marshall a date to a string which sorts in the appropriate manner.
36 37 """ 38 return '%04d%02d%02d' % ( date . year , date . month , date . day )
39
xappy.memutils
Module memutils source code
Get the amount of physical memory in the system, in bytes.
If this can't be obtained, returns None.
xappy.memutils
1
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18 r"""memutils.py: Memory handling utilities. 19 20 """ 21 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en" 22
23 import os 24
26 """Try getting a value for the physical memory using os.sysconf().
27 28 Returns None if no value can be obtained - otherwise, returns a value in 29 bytes. 30 31 """ 32 if getattr ( os , 'sysconf' , None ) is None :
33 return None
34
35 try :
36 pagesize = os . sysconf ( 'SC_PAGESIZE' )
37 except ValueError :
38 try :
39 pagesize = os . sysconf ( 'SC_PAGE_SIZE' )
40 except ValueError :
41 return None
42
43 try :
44 pagecount = os . sysconf ( 'SC_PHYS_PAGES' )
45 except ValueError :
46 return None
47
48 return pagesize * pagecount
49
51 """Try getting a value for the physical memory using GlobalMemoryStatus.
52 53 This is a windows specific method. Returns None if no value can be 54 obtained (eg, not running on windows) - otherwise, returns a value in 55 bytes. 56 57 """ 58 try :
59 import ctypes
60 import ctypes . wintypes as wintypes
61 except ValueError :
62 return None
63
64 class MEMORYSTATUS ( wintypes . Structure ) :
65 _fields_ = [
66 ( 'dwLength' , wintypes . DWORD ) ,
67 ( 'dwMemoryLoad' , wintypes . DWORD ) ,
68 ( 'dwTotalPhys' , wintypes . DWORD ) ,
69 ( 'dwAvailPhys' , wintypes . DWORD ) ,
70 ( 'dwTotalPageFile' , wintypes . DWORD ) ,
71 ( 'dwAvailPageFile' , wintypes . DWORD ) ,
72 ( 'dwTotalVirtual' , wintypes . DWORD ) ,
73 ( 'dwAvailVirtual' , wintypes . DWORD ) ,
74 ]
75
76 m = MEMORYSTATUS ( )
77 wintypes . windll . kernel32 . GlobalMemoryStatus ( wintypes . byref ( m ) )
78 return m . dwTotalPhys
79
81 """Get the amount of physical memory in the system, in bytes.
82 83 If this can't be obtained, returns None. 84 85 """ 86 result = _get_physical_mem_sysconf ( )
87 if result is not None :
88 return result
89 return _get_physical_mem_win32 ( )
90
xappy.parsedate
Module parsedate source code
yyyymmdd_re = re.compile(r'(?P<year>[0-9]{4})(?P<month>[0-9]{2...
yyyy_mm_dd_re = re.compile(r'(?P<year>[0-9]{4})([-/\.])(?P<mon...
Parse a string into a date.
If the value supplied is already a date-like object (ie, has 'year',
'month' and 'day' attributes), it is returned without processing.
Supported date formats are:
YYYYMMDD
YYYY-MM-DD
YYYY/MM/DD
YYYY.MM.DD
yyyymmdd_re
Value:
re.compile(r'(?P<year>[0-9]{4})(?P<month>[0-9]{2})(?P<day>[0-9]{2})$')
yyyy_mm_dd_re
Value:
re.compile(r'(?P<year>[0-9]{4})([-/\.])(?P<month>[0-9]{2})\2(?P<day>[0-9]{2})$')
xappy.parsedate
1
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18 r"""parsedate.py: Parse date strings. 19 20 """ 21 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en" 22
23 import datetime 24 import re 25
26 yyyymmdd_re = re . compile ( r'(?P<year>[0-9]{4})(?P<month>[0-9]{2})(?P<day>[0-9]{2})$' ) 27 yyyy_mm_dd_re = re . compile ( r'(?P<year>[0-9]{4})([-/.])(?P<month>[0-9]{2})\2(?P<day>[0-9]{2})$' ) 28
30 """Parse a string into a date.
31 32 If the value supplied is already a date-like object (ie, has 'year', 33 'month' and 'day' attributes), it is returned without processing. 34 35 Supported date formats are: 36 37 - YYYYMMDD 38 - YYYY-MM-DD 39 - YYYY/MM/DD 40 - YYYY.MM.DD 41 42 """ 43 if ( hasattr ( value , 'year' )
44 and hasattr ( value , 'month' )
45 and hasattr ( value , 'day' ) ) :
46 return value
47
48 mg = yyyymmdd_re . match ( value )
49 if mg is None :
50 mg = yyyy_mm_dd_re . match ( value )
51
52 if mg is not None :
53 year , month , day = ( int ( i ) for i in mg . group ( 'year' , 'month' , 'day' ) )
54 return datetime . date ( year , month , day )
55
56 raise ValueError ( 'Unrecognised date format' )
57
xappy.replaylog
Module replaylog source code
NotifyingDeleteObject
ReplayLog
LoggedProxy
LoggedProxyMethod
set_replay_path (logpath )
source code
log (call ,
*args )
source code
xappy-0.5/docs/api/xappy.replaylog-pysrc.html 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000336213 11005555243 021224 0 ustar richard richard
xappy.replaylog
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18 r"""replaylog.py: Log all xapian calls to a file, so that they can be replayed. 19 20 """ 21 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en" 22
23 import datetime 24 import sys 25 import thread 26 import threading 27 import time 28 import traceback 29 import types 30 import weakref 31 import xapian 32
33 from pprint import pprint 34
35
36 _replay_log = None 37
38
39 _had_replay_log = False 40
42 """An wrapping for an object which calls a callback when its deleted.
43 44 Note that the callback will be called from a __del__ method, so shouldn't 45 raise any exceptions, and probably shouldn't make new references to the 46 object supplied to it. 47 48 """
50 self . obj = obj
51 self . callback = callback
52
54 self . callback ( self . obj )
55
57 """Log of xapian calls, to be replayed.
58 59 """ 60
62 """Create a new replay log.
63 64 """ 65
66 self . _fd_mutex = threading . Lock ( )
67 self . _fd = file ( logpath , 'wb' )
68
69
70 self . _mutex = threading . Lock ( )
71 self . _next_call = 1
72
73 self . _next_thread = 0
74 self . _thread_ids = { }
75
76 self . _objs = weakref . WeakKeyDictionary ( )
77 self . _next_num = 1
78
79 self . _xapian_classes = { }
80 self . _xapian_functions = { }
81 self . _xapian_methods = { }
82 for name in dir ( xapian ) :
83 item = getattr ( xapian , name )
84 has_members = False
85 for membername in dir ( item ) :
86 member = getattr ( item , membername )
87 if isinstance ( member , types . MethodType ) :
88 self . _xapian_methods [ member . im_func ] = ( name , membername )
89 has_members = True
90 if has_members :
91 self . _xapian_classes [ item ] = name
92 if isinstance ( item , types . BuiltinFunctionType ) :
93 self . _xapian_functions [ item ] = name
94
96 """Get the number associated with an object.
97 98 If maybe_new is False, a value of 0 will be supplied if the object 99 hasn't already been seen. Otherwise, a new (and previously unused) 100 value will be allocated to the object. 101 102 The mutex should be held when this is called. 103 104 """ 105 try :
106 num = self . _objs [ obj ]
107 return num . obj
108 except KeyError :
109 pass
110
111 if not maybe_new :
112 return 0
113
114 self . _objs [ obj ] = NotifyingDeleteObject ( self . _next_num , self . _obj_gone )
115 self . _next_num += 1
116 return self . _next_num - 1
117
119 """Return True iff an object is an instance of a xapian object.
120 121 (Also returns true if the object is an instance of a subclass of a 122 xapian object.) 123 124 The mutex should be held when this is called. 125 126 """ 127
128 classname = self . _xapian_classes . get ( type ( obj ) , None )
129 if classname is not None :
130 return True
131
132 for classobj , classname in self . _xapian_classes . iteritems ( ) :
133 if isinstance ( obj , classobj ) :
134 return True
135
136 return False
137
139 """Get the name of a xapian class or method.
140 141 The mutex should be held when this is called. 142 143 """ 144
145 if isinstance ( obj , types . TypeType ) :
146 classname = self . _xapian_classes . get ( obj , None )
147 if classname is not None :
148 return classname
149
150 for classobj , classname in self . _xapian_classes . iteritems ( ) :
151 if issubclass ( obj , classobj ) :
152 return "subclassof_%s" % ( classname , )
153
154 return None
155
156
157 if isinstance ( obj , types . BuiltinFunctionType ) :
158 funcname = self . _xapian_functions . get ( obj , None )
159 if funcname is not None :
160 return funcname
161
162
163 if isinstance ( obj , LoggedProxy ) :
164 classname = self . _xapian_classes . get ( obj . __class__ , None )
165 if classname is not None :
166 objnum = self . _get_obj_num ( obj , maybe_new = maybe_new )
167 return "%s#%d" % ( classname , objnum )
168
169
170 if isinstance ( obj , LoggedProxyMethod ) :
171 classname , methodname = self . _xapian_methods [ obj . real . im_func ]
172 objnum = self . _get_obj_num ( obj . proxyobj , maybe_new = maybe_new )
173 return "%s#%d.%s" % ( classname , objnum , methodname )
174
175
176
177
178 for classobj , classname in self . _xapian_classes . iteritems ( ) :
179 if isinstance ( obj , classobj ) :
180 objnum = self . _get_obj_num ( obj , maybe_new = maybe_new )
181 return "subclassof_%s#%d" % ( classname , objnum )
182
183 return None
184
185 - def _log ( self , msg ) :
186 self . _fd_mutex . acquire ( )
187 try :
188
189
190
191
192 self . _fd . write ( msg )
193 self . _fd . flush ( )
194 finally :
195 self . _fd_mutex . release ( )
196
198 """Return a representation of an argument.
199 200 The mutex should be held when this is called. 201 202 """ 203
204 xapargname = self . _get_xap_name ( arg )
205 if xapargname is not None :
206 return xapargname
207
208 if isinstance ( arg , basestring ) :
209 if isinstance ( arg , unicode ) :
210 arg = arg . encode ( 'utf-8' )
211 return 'str(%d,%s)' % ( len ( arg ) , arg )
212
213 if isinstance ( arg , long ) :
214 try :
215 arg = int ( arg )
216 except OverFlowError :
217 pass
218
219 if isinstance ( arg , long ) :
220 return 'long(%d)' % arg
221
222 if isinstance ( arg , int ) :
223 return 'int(%d)' % arg
224
225 if isinstance ( arg , float ) :
226 return 'float(%f)' % arg
227
228 if arg is None :
229 return 'None'
230
231 if hasattr ( arg , '__iter__' ) :
232 seq = [ ]
233 for item in arg :
234 seq . append ( self . _repr_arg ( item ) )
235 return 'list(%s)' % ',' . join ( seq )
236
237 return 'UNKNOWN:' + str ( arg )
238
240 """Return a representation of a list of arguments.
241 242 The mutex should be held when this is called. 243 244 """ 245 logargs = [ ]
246 for arg in args :
247 logargs . append ( self . _repr_arg ( arg ) )
248 return ',' . join ( logargs )
249
251 """Get an ID string for a call.
252 253 The mutex should be held when this is called. 254 255 """ 256 call_num = self . _next_call
257 self . _next_call += 1
258
259 thread_id = thread . get_ident ( )
260 try :
261 thread_num = self . _thread_ids [ thread_id ]
262 except KeyError :
263 thread_num = self . _next_thread
264 self . _thread_ids [ thread_id ] = thread_num
265 self . _next_thread += 1
266
267 if thread_num is 0 :
268 return "%s" % call_num
269 return "%dT%d" % ( call_num , thread_num )
270
272 """Add a log message about a call.
273 274 Returns a number for the call, so it can be tied to a particular 275 result. 276 277 """ 278 self . _mutex . acquire ( )
279 try :
280 logargs = self . _repr_args ( args )
281 xapobjname = self . _get_xap_name ( call )
282 call_id = self . _get_call_id ( )
283 finally :
284 self . _mutex . release ( )
285
286 if xapobjname is not None :
287 self . _log ( "CALL%s:%s(%s)\n" % ( call_id , xapobjname , logargs ) )
288 else :
289 self . _log ( "CALL%s:UNKNOWN:%r(%s)\n" % ( call_id , call , logargs ) )
290 return call_id
291
292 - def log_except ( self , ( etype , value , tb ) , call_id ) :
293 """Log an exception which has occurred.
294 295 """ 296
297 exc = traceback . format_exception_only ( etype , value )
298 self . _log ( "EXCEPT%s:%s\n" % ( call_id , '' . join ( exc ) . strip ( ) ) )
299
301 """Log a return value.
302 303 """ 304 if ret is None :
305 self . _log ( "RET%s:None\n" % call_id )
306 return
307
308 self . _mutex . acquire ( )
309 try :
310
311 if self . _is_xap_obj ( ret ) :
312 ret = LoggedProxy ( ret )
313 xapobjname = self . _get_xap_name ( ret , maybe_new = True )
314 msg = "RET%s:%s\n" % ( call_id , self . _repr_arg ( ret ) )
315 finally :
316 self . _mutex . release ( )
317
318
319 self . _log ( msg )
320 return ret
321
323 """Log that an object has been deleted.
324 325 """ 326 self . _log ( 'DEL:#%d\n' % num )
327
329 """A proxy for a xapian object, which logs all calls made on the object.
330 331 """
334
336 obj = object . __getattribute__ ( self , '_LoggedProxy__obj' )
337 if name == '__obj' :
338 return obj
339 real = getattr ( obj , name )
340 if not isinstance ( real , types . MethodType ) :
341 return real
342 return LoggedProxyMethod ( real , self )
343
347
351
355
359
361 """A proxy for a xapian method, which logs all calls made on the method.
362 363 """
365 """Make a proxy for the method.
366 367 """ 368 self . real = real
369 self . proxyobj = proxyobj
370
372 """Call the proxied method, logging the call.
373 374 """ 375 return log ( self , * args )
376
388
390 """Convert a call and list of arguments to unproxied form.
391 392 """ 393 if isinstance ( call , LoggedProxyMethod ) :
394 realcall = call . real
395 else :
396 realcall = call
397
398 realargs = [ ]
399 for arg in args :
400 if isinstance ( arg , LoggedProxy ) :
401 arg = arg . __obj
402 realargs . append ( arg )
403
404 return realcall , realargs
405
406 - def log ( call , * args ) :
407 """Make a call to xapian, and log it.
408 409 """ 410
411 global _had_replay_log
412 if not _had_replay_log :
413 return call ( * args )
414
415
416 realcall , realargs = _unproxy_call_and_args ( call , args )
417
418
419 global _replay_log
420 replay_log = _replay_log
421 if replay_log is None :
422 return realcall ( * realargs )
423
424
425 call_id = replay_log . log_call ( call , * args )
426 try :
427 ret = realcall ( * realargs )
428 except :
429 replay_log . log_except ( sys . exc_info ( ) , call_id )
430 raise
431 return replay_log . log_retval ( ret , call_id )
432
433
434
xappy.replaylog.LoggedProxy
Class LoggedProxy source code
object --+
|
LoggedProxy
__init__ (self ,
obj )
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__setattr__
Inherited from object :
__class__
x.__init__(...) initializes x; see x.__class__.__doc__ for
signature
Overrides:
object.__init__
(inherited documentation)
x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
Overrides:
object.__getattribute__
(inherited documentation)
repr(x)
Overrides:
object.__repr__
(inherited documentation)
__str__ (self )(Informal representation operator)
source code
str(x)
Overrides:
object.__str__
(inherited documentation)
xappy.replaylog.LoggedProxyMethod
Class LoggedProxyMethod source code
object --+
|
LoggedProxyMethod
__call__ (self ,
*args )
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__str__
Inherited from object :
__class__
__init__ (self ,
real ,
proxyobj )(Constructor)
source code
Make a proxy for the method.
Overrides:
object.__init__
xappy.replaylog.NotifyingDeleteObject
Class NotifyingDeleteObject source code
object --+
|
NotifyingDeleteObject
An wrapping for an object which calls a callback when its deleted.
Note that the callback will be called from a __del__ method, so shouldn't
raise any exceptions, and probably shouldn't make new references to the
object supplied to it.
__init__ (self ,
obj ,
callback )
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__str__
Inherited from object :
__class__
__init__ (self ,
obj ,
callback )(Constructor)
source code
x.__init__(...) initializes x; see x.__class__.__doc__ for
signature
Overrides:
object.__init__
(inherited documentation)
xappy.replaylog.ReplayLog
Class ReplayLog source code
object --+
|
ReplayLog
log_except (self ,
(etype, value, tb) ,
call_id )
source code
log_retval (self ,
ret ,
call_id )
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__str__
Inherited from object :
__class__
Create a new replay log.
Overrides:
object.__init__
Add a log message about a call.
Returns a number for the call, so it can be tied to a particular
result.
xappy.schema
Module schema source code xappy.schema
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18 r"""schema.py: xdefinitions and implementations of field actions. 19 20 """ 21 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en" 22
23 import errors as _errors 24 from replaylog import log as _log 25 import parsedate as _parsedate 26
30
31 if __name__ == '__main__' : 32 import doctest , sys
33 doctest . testmod ( sys . modules [ __name__ ] )
34
xappy.schema.Schema
Class Schema source code
object --+
|
Schema
__init__ (self )
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__str__
Inherited from object :
__class__
x.__init__(...) initializes x; see x.__class__.__doc__ for
signature
Overrides:
object.__init__
(inherited documentation)
xappy.searchconnection
Module searchconnection source code xappy.searchconnection
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18 r"""searchconnection.py: A connection to the search engine for searching. 19 20 """ 21 __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en" 22
23 import _checkxapian 24 import os as _os 25 import cPickle as _cPickle 26 import math 27
28 import xapian as _xapian 29 from datastructures import * 30 from fieldactions import * 31 import fieldmappings as _fieldmappings 32 import highlight as _highlight 33 import errors as _errors 34 import indexerconnection as _indexerconnection 35 import re as _re 36 from replaylog import log as _log 37
39 """A result from a search.
40 41 As well as being a ProcessedDocument representing the document in the 42 database, the result has several members which may be used to get 43 information about how well the document matches the search: 44 45 - `rank`: The rank of the document in the search results, starting at 0 46 (ie, 0 is the "top" result, 1 is the second result, etc). 47 48 - `weight`: A floating point number indicating the weight of the result 49 document. The value is only meaningful relative to other results for a 50 given search - a different search, or the same search with a different 51 database, may give an entirely different scale to the weights. This 52 should not usually be displayed to users, but may be useful if trying to 53 perform advanced reweighting operations on search results. 54 55 - `percent`: A percentage value for the weight of a document. This is 56 just a rescaled form of the `weight` member. It doesn't represent any 57 kind of probability value; the only real meaning of the numbers is that, 58 within a single set of results, a document with a higher percentage 59 corresponds to a better match. Because the percentage doesn't really 60 represent a probability, or a confidence value, it is probably unhelpful 61 to display it to most users, since they tend to place an over emphasis 62 on its meaning. However, it is included because it may be useful 63 occasionally. 64 65 """
67 ProcessedDocument . __init__ ( self , results . _fieldmappings , msetitem . document )
68 self . rank = msetitem . rank
69 self . weight = msetitem . weight
70 self . percent = msetitem . percent
71 self . _results = results
72
74 """Get the language that should be used for a given field.
75 76 Raises a KeyError if the field is not known. 77 78 """ 79 actions = self . _results . _conn . _field_actions [ field ] . _actions
80 for action , kwargslist in actions . iteritems ( ) :
81 if action == FieldActions . INDEX_FREETEXT :
82 for kwargs in kwargslist :
83 try :
84 return kwargs [ 'language' ]
85 except KeyError :
86 pass
87 return 'none'
88
89 - def summarise ( self , field , maxlen = 600 , hl = ( '<b>' , '</b>' ) , query = None ) :
90 """Return a summarised version of the field specified.
91 92 This will return a summary of the contents of the field stored in the 93 search result, with words which match the query highlighted. 94 95 The maximum length of the summary (in characters) may be set using the 96 maxlen parameter. 97 98 The return value will be a string holding the summary, with 99 highlighting applied. If there are multiple instances of the field in 100 the document, the instances will be joined with a newline character. 101 102 To turn off highlighting, set hl to None. Each highlight will consist 103 of the first entry in the `hl` list being placed before the word, and 104 the second entry in the `hl` list being placed after the word. 105 106 Any XML or HTML style markup tags in the field will be stripped before 107 the summarisation algorithm is applied. 108 109 If `query` is supplied, it should contain a Query object, as returned 110 from SearchConnection.query_parse() or related methods, which will be 111 used as the basis of the summarisation and highlighting rather than the 112 query which was used for the search. 113 114 Raises KeyError if the field is not known. 115 116 """ 117 highlighter = _highlight . Highlighter ( language_code = self . _get_language ( field ) )
118 field = self . data [ field ]
119 results = [ ]
120 text = '\n' . join ( field )
121 if query is None :
122 query = self . _results . _query
123 return highlighter . makeSample ( text , query , maxlen , hl )
124
125 - def highlight ( self , field , hl = ( '<b>' , '</b>' ) , strip_tags = False , query = None ) :
126 """Return a highlighted version of the field specified.
127 128 This will return all the contents of the field stored in the search 129 result, with words which match the query highlighted. 130 131 The return value will be a list of strings (corresponding to the list 132 of strings which is the raw field data). 133 134 Each highlight will consist of the first entry in the `hl` list being 135 placed before the word, and the second entry in the `hl` list being 136 placed after the word. 137 138 If `strip_tags` is True, any XML or HTML style markup tags in the field 139 will be stripped before highlighting is applied. 140 141 If `query` is supplied, it should contain a Query object, as returned 142 from SearchConnection.query_parse() or related methods, which will be 143 used as the basis of the summarisation and highlighting rather than the 144 query which was used for the search. 145 146 Raises KeyError if the field is not known. 147 148 """ 149 highlighter = _highlight . Highlighter ( language_code = self . _get_language ( field ) )
150 field = self . data [ field ]
151 results = [ ]
152 if query is None :
153 query = self . _results . _query
154 for text in field :
155 results . append ( highlighter . highlight ( text , query , hl , strip_tags ) )
156 return results
157
159 return ( '<SearchResult(rank=%d, id=%r, data=%r)>' %
160 ( self . rank , self . id , self . data ) )
161
162
164 """An iterator over a set of results from a search.
165 166 """
168 self . _results = results
169 self . _order = order
170 if self . _order is None :
171 self . _iter = iter ( results . _mset )
172 else :
173 self . _iter = iter ( self . _order )
174
176 if self . _order is None :
177 msetitem = self . _iter . next ( )
178 else :
179 index = self . _iter . next ( )
180 msetitem = self . _results . _mset . get_hit ( index )
181 return SearchResult ( msetitem , self . _results )
182
183
185 """Get the significant digits of value which are constrained by the
186 (inclusive) lower and upper bounds. 187 188 If there are no significant digits which are definitely within the 189 bounds, exactly one significant digit will be returned in the result. 190 191 >>> _get_significant_digits(15,15,15) 192 15 193 >>> _get_significant_digits(15,15,17) 194 20 195 >>> _get_significant_digits(4777,208,6000) 196 5000 197 >>> _get_significant_digits(4777,4755,4790) 198 4800 199 >>> _get_significant_digits(4707,4695,4710) 200 4700 201 >>> _get_significant_digits(4719,4717,4727) 202 4720 203 >>> _get_significant_digits(0,0,0) 204 0 205 >>> _get_significant_digits(9,9,10) 206 9 207 >>> _get_significant_digits(9,9,100) 208 9 209 210 """ 211 assert ( lower <= value )
212 assert ( value <= upper )
213 diff = upper - lower
214
215
216
217 if diff == 0 :
218 pos_pow_10 = 1
219 else :
220 pos_pow_10 = int ( 10 ** math . ceil ( math . log10 ( diff ) ) )
221
222
223
224 if pos_pow_10 > value :
225 if value == 0 :
226 pos_pow_10 = 1
227 else :
228 pos_pow_10 = int ( 10 ** math . floor ( math . log10 ( value ) ) )
229
230
231 return ( ( value + pos_pow_10 // 2 ) // pos_pow_10 ) * pos_pow_10
232
234 """A set of results of a search.
235 236 """ 237 - def __init__ ( self , conn , enq , query , mset , fieldmappings , tagspy ,
238 tagfields , facetspy , facetfields , facethierarchy ,
239 facetassocs ) :
240 self . _conn = conn
241 self . _enq = enq
242 self . _query = query
243 self . _mset = mset
244 self . _mset_order = None
245 self . _fieldmappings = fieldmappings
246 self . _tagspy = tagspy
247 if tagfields is None :
248 self . _tagfields = None
249 else :
250 self . _tagfields = set ( tagfields )
251 self . _facetspy = facetspy
252 self . _facetfields = facetfields
253 self . _facethierarchy = facethierarchy
254 self . _facetassocs = facetassocs
255 self . _numeric_ranges_built = { }
256
257 - def _cluster ( self , num_clusters , maxdocs , fields = None ) :
258 """Cluster results based on similarity.
259 260 Note: this method is experimental, and will probably disappear or 261 change in the future. 262 263 The number of clusters is specified by num_clusters: unless there are 264 too few results, there will be exaclty this number of clusters in the 265 result. 266 267 """ 268 clusterer = _xapian . ClusterSingleLink ( )
269 xapclusters = _xapian . ClusterAssignments ( )
270 docsim = _xapian . DocSimCosine ( )
271 source = _xapian . MSetDocumentSource ( self . _mset , maxdocs )
272
273 if fields is None :
274 clusterer . cluster ( self . _conn . _index , xapclusters , docsim , source , num_clusters )
275 else :
276 decider = self . _make_expand_decider ( fields )
277 clusterer . cluster ( self . _conn . _index , xapclusters , docsim , source , decider , num_clusters )
278
279 newid = 0
280 idmap = { }
281 clusters = { }
282 for item in self . _mset :
283 docid = item . docid
284 clusterid = xapclusters . cluster ( docid )
285 if clusterid not in idmap :
286 idmap [ clusterid ] = newid
287 newid += 1
288 clusterid = idmap [ clusterid ]
289 if clusterid not in clusters :
290 clusters [ clusterid ] = [ ]
291 clusters [ clusterid ] . append ( item . rank )
292 return clusters
293
295 """Reorder the mset based on some clusters.
296 297 """ 298 if self . startrank != 0 :
299 raise _errors . SearchError ( "startrank must be zero to reorder by clusters" )
300 reordered = False
301 tophits = [ ]
302 nottophits = [ ]
303
304 clusterstarts = dict ( ( ( c [ 0 ] , None ) for c in clusters . itervalues ( ) ) )
305 for i in xrange ( self . endrank ) :
306 if i in clusterstarts :
307 tophits . append ( i )
308 else :
309 nottophits . append ( i )
310 self . _mset_order = tophits
311 self . _mset_order . extend ( nottophits )
312
314 """Make an expand decider which accepts only terms in the specified
315 field. 316 317 """ 318 prefixes = { }
319 if isinstance ( fields , basestring ) :
320 fields = [ fields ]
321 for field in fields :
322 try :
323 actions = self . _conn . _field_actions [ field ] . _actions
324 except KeyError :
325 continue
326 for action , kwargslist in actions . iteritems ( ) :
327 if action == FieldActions . INDEX_FREETEXT :
328 prefix = self . _conn . _field_mappings . get_prefix ( field )
329 prefixes [ prefix ] = None
330 prefixes [ 'Z' + prefix ] = None
331 if action in ( FieldActions . INDEX_EXACT ,
332 FieldActions . TAG ,
333 FieldActions . FACET , ) :
334 prefix = self . _conn . _field_mappings . get_prefix ( field )
335 prefixes [ prefix ] = None
336 prefix_re = _re . compile ( '|' . join ( [ _re . escape ( x ) + '[^A-Z]' for x in prefixes . keys ( ) ] ) )
337 class decider ( _xapian . ExpandDecider ) :
338 def __call__ ( self , term ) :
339 return prefix_re . match ( term ) is not None
340 return decider ( )
341
344 """Reorder results based on similarity.
345 346 The top `count` documents will be chosen such that they are relatively 347 dissimilar. `maxcount` documents will be considered for moving around, 348 and `max_similarity` is a value between 0 and 1 indicating the maximum 349 similarity to the previous document before a document is moved down the 350 result set. 351 352 Note: this method is experimental, and will probably disappear or 353 change in the future. 354 355 """ 356 if self . startrank != 0 :
357 raise _errors . SearchError ( "startrank must be zero to reorder by similiarity" )
358 ds = _xapian . DocSimCosine ( )
359 ds . set_termfreqsource ( _xapian . DatabaseTermFreqSource ( self . _conn . _index ) )
360
361 if fields is not None :
362 ds . set_expand_decider ( self . _make_expand_decider ( fields ) )
363
364 tophits = [ ]
365 nottophits = [ ]
366 full = False
367 reordered = False
368
369 sim_count = 0
370 new_order = [ ]
371 end = min ( self . endrank , maxcount )
372 for i in xrange ( end ) :
373 if full :
374 new_order . append ( i )
375 continue
376 hit = self . _mset . get_hit ( i )
377 if len ( tophits ) == 0 :
378 tophits . append ( hit )
379 continue
380
381
382 maxsim = 0.0
383 for tophit in tophits [ - 1 : ] :
384 sim_count += 1
385 sim = ds . similarity ( hit . document , tophit . document )
386 if sim > maxsim :
387 maxsim = sim
388
389
390 if maxsim < max_similarity :
391 tophits . append ( hit )
392 else :
393 nottophits . append ( hit )
394 reordered = True
395
396
397 if len ( tophits ) >= count :
398 for hit in tophits :
399 new_order . append ( hit . rank )
400 for hit in nottophits :
401 new_order . append ( hit . rank )
402 full = True
403 if not full :
404 for hit in tophits :
405 new_order . append ( hit . rank )
406 for hit in nottophits :
407 new_order . append ( hit . rank )
408 if end != self . endrank :
409 new_order . extend ( range ( end , self . endrank ) )
410 assert len ( new_order ) == self . endrank
411 if reordered :
412 self . _mset_order = new_order
413 else :
414 assert new_order == range ( self . endrank )
415
417 return ( "<SearchResults(startrank=%d, "
418 "endrank=%d, "
419 "more_matches=%s, "
420 "matches_lower_bound=%d, "
421 "matches_upper_bound=%d, "
422 "matches_estimated=%d, "
423 "estimate_is_exact=%s)>" %
424 (
425 self . startrank ,
426 self . endrank ,
427 self . more_matches ,
428 self . matches_lower_bound ,
429 self . matches_upper_bound ,
430 self . matches_estimated ,
431 self . estimate_is_exact ,
432 ) )
433
438 more_matches = property ( _get_more_matches , doc =
439 """Check whether there are further matches after those in this result set.
440 441 """ ) 442
444 return self . _mset . get_firstitem ( )
445 startrank = property ( _get_startrank , doc =
446 """Get the rank of the first item in the search results.
447 448 This corresponds to the "startrank" parameter passed to the search() method. 449 450 """ ) 451
453 return self . _mset . get_firstitem ( ) + len ( self . _mset )
454 endrank = property ( _get_endrank , doc =
455 """Get the rank of the item after the end of the search results.
456 457 If there are sufficient results in the index, this corresponds to the 458 "endrank" parameter passed to the search() method. 459 460 """ ) 461
463 return self . _mset . get_matches_lower_bound ( )
464 matches_lower_bound = property ( _get_lower_bound , doc =
465 """Get a lower bound on the total number of matching documents.
466 467 """ ) 468
470 return self . _mset . get_matches_upper_bound ( )
471 matches_upper_bound = property ( _get_upper_bound , doc =
472 """Get an upper bound on the total number of matching documents.
473 474 """ ) 475
477 lower = self . _mset . get_matches_lower_bound ( )
478 upper = self . _mset . get_matches_upper_bound ( )
479 est = self . _mset . get_matches_estimated ( )
480 return _get_significant_digits ( est , lower , upper )
481 matches_human_readable_estimate = property ( _get_human_readable_estimate ,
482 doc =
483 """Get a human readable estimate of the number of matching documents.
484 485 This consists of the value returned by the "matches_estimated" property, 486 rounded to an appropriate number of significant digits (as determined by 487 the values of the "matches_lower_bound" and "matches_upper_bound" 488 properties). 489 490 """ ) 491
493 return self . _mset . get_matches_estimated ( )
494 matches_estimated = property ( _get_estimated , doc =
495 """Get an estimate for the total number of matching documents.
496 497 """ ) 498
500 return self . _mset . get_matches_lower_bound ( ) == \
501 self . _mset . get_matches_upper_bound ( )
502 estimate_is_exact = property ( _estimate_is_exact , doc =
503 """Check whether the estimated number of matching documents is exact.
504 505 If this returns true, the estimate given by the `matches_estimated` 506 property is guaranteed to be correct. 507 508 If this returns false, it is possible that the actual number of matching 509 documents is different from the number given by the `matches_estimated` 510 property. 511 512 """ ) 513
515 """Get the hit with a given index.
516 517 """ 518 if self . _mset_order is None :
519 msetitem = self . _mset . get_hit ( index )
520 else :
521 msetitem = self . _mset . get_hit ( self . _mset_order [ index ] )
522 return SearchResult ( msetitem , self )
523 __getitem__ = get_hit
524
526 """Get an iterator over the hits in the search result.
527 528 The iterator returns the results in increasing order of rank. 529 530 """ 531 return SearchResultIter ( self , self . _mset_order )
532
534 """Get the number of hits in the search result.
535 536 Note that this is not (usually) the number of matching documents for 537 the search. If startrank is non-zero, it's not even the rank of the 538 last document in the search result. It's simply the number of hits 539 stored in the search result. 540 541 It is, however, the number of items returned by the iterator produced 542 by calling iter() on this SearchResults object. 543 544 """ 545 return len ( self . _mset )
546
565
566 - def get_suggested_facets ( self , maxfacets = 5 , desired_num_of_categories = 7 ,
567 required_facets = None ) :
568 """Get a suggested set of facets, to present to the user.
569 570 This returns a list, in descending order of the usefulness of the 571 facet, in which each item is a tuple holding: 572 573 - fieldname of facet. 574 - sequence of 2-tuples holding the suggested values or ranges for that 575 field: 576 577 For facets of type 'string', the first item in the 2-tuple will 578 simply be the string supplied when the facet value was added to its 579 document. For facets of type 'float', it will be a 2-tuple, holding 580 floats giving the start and end of the suggested value range. 581 582 The second item in the 2-tuple will be the frequency of the facet 583 value or range in the result set. 584 585 If required_facets is not None, it must be a field name, or a sequence 586 of field names. Any field names mentioned in required_facets will be 587 returned if there are any facet values at all in the search results for 588 that field. The facet will only be omitted if there are no facet 589 values at all for the field. 590 591 The value of maxfacets will be respected as far as possible; the 592 exception is that if there are too many fields listed in 593 required_facets with at least one value in the search results, extra 594 facets will be returned (ie, obeying the required_facets parameter is 595 considered more important than the maxfacets parameter). 596 597 If facet_hierarchy was indicated when search() was called, and the 598 query included facets, then only subfacets of those query facets and 599 top-level facets will be included in the returned list. Furthermore 600 top-level facets will only be returned if there are remaining places 601 in the list after it has been filled with subfacets. Note that 602 required_facets is still respected regardless of the facet hierarchy. 603 604 If a query type was specified when search() was called, and the query 605 included facets, then facets with an association of Never to the 606 query type are never returned, even if mentioned in required_facets. 607 Facets with an association of Preferred are listed before others in 608 the returned list. 609 610 """ 611 if 'facets' in _checkxapian . missing_features :
612 raise errors . SearchError ( "Facets unsupported with this release of xapian" )
613 if self . _facetspy is None :
614 raise _errors . SearchError ( "Facet selection wasn't enabled when the search was run" )
615 if isinstance ( required_facets , basestring ) :
616 required_facets = [ required_facets ]
617 scores = [ ]
618 facettypes = { }
619 for field , slot , kwargslist in self . _facetfields :
620 type = None
621 for kwargs in kwargslist :
622 type = kwargs . get ( 'type' , None )
623 if type is not None : break
624 if type is None : type = 'string'
625
626 if type == 'float' :
627 if field not in self . _numeric_ranges_built :
628 self . _facetspy . build_numeric_ranges ( slot , desired_num_of_categories )
629 self . _numeric_ranges_built [ field ] = None
630 facettypes [ field ] = type
631 score = self . _facetspy . score_categorisation ( slot , desired_num_of_categories )
632 scores . append ( ( score , field , slot ) )
633
634
635
636 if self . _facethierarchy :
637
638 scores = [ ( tuple [ - 2 ] not in self . _facethierarchy , ) + tuple for tuple in scores ]
639 if self . _facetassocs :
640 preferred = _indexerconnection . IndexerConnection . FacetQueryType_Preferred
641 scores = [ ( self . _facetassocs . get ( tuple [ - 2 ] ) != preferred , ) + tuple for tuple in scores ]
642 scores . sort ( )
643 if self . _facethierarchy :
644 index = 1
645 else :
646 index = 0
647 if self . _facetassocs :
648 index += 1
649 if index > 0 :
650 scores = [ tuple [ index : ] for tuple in scores ]
651
652 results = [ ]
653 required_results = [ ]
654 for score , field , slot in scores :
655
656 required = False
657 if required_facets is not None :
658 required = field in required_facets
659
660
661 if not required and len ( results ) + len ( required_results ) >= maxfacets :
662 continue
663
664
665 values = self . _facetspy . get_values_as_dict ( slot )
666 if field in self . _numeric_ranges_built :
667 if '' in values :
668 del values [ '' ]
669
670
671
672 if required :
673 if len ( values ) < 1 :
674 continue
675 else :
676 if len ( values ) <= 1 :
677 continue
678
679 newvalues = [ ]
680 if facettypes [ field ] == 'float' :
681
682
683 for value , frequency in values . iteritems ( ) :
684 if len ( value ) <= 9 :
685 value1 = _log ( _xapian . sortable_unserialise , value )
686 value2 = value1
687 else :
688 value1 = _log ( _xapian . sortable_unserialise , value [ : 9 ] )
689 value2 = _log ( _xapian . sortable_unserialise , value [ 9 : ] )
690 newvalues . append ( ( ( value1 , value2 ) , frequency ) )
691 else :
692 for value , frequency in values . iteritems ( ) :
693 newvalues . append ( ( value , frequency ) )
694
695 newvalues . sort ( )
696 if required :
697 required_results . append ( ( score , field , newvalues ) )
698 else :
699 results . append ( ( score , field , newvalues ) )
700
701
702
703 maxfacets = maxfacets - len ( required_results )
704 if maxfacets <= 0 :
705 results = required_results
706 else :
707 results = results [ : maxfacets ]
708 results . extend ( required_results )
709 results . sort ( )
710
711
712
713 results = [ ( field , newvalues ) for ( score , field , newvalues ) in results ]
714 return results
715
716
718 """A connection to the search engine for searching.
719 720 The connection will access a view of the database. 721 722 """ 723 _qp_flags_base = _xapian . QueryParser . FLAG_LOVEHATE
724 _qp_flags_phrase = _xapian . QueryParser . FLAG_PHRASE
725 _qp_flags_synonym = ( _xapian . QueryParser . FLAG_AUTO_SYNONYMS |
726 _xapian . QueryParser . FLAG_AUTO_MULTIWORD_SYNONYMS )
727 _qp_flags_bool = _xapian . QueryParser . FLAG_BOOLEAN
728
729 _index = None
730
732 """Create a new connection to the index for searching.
733 734 There may only an arbitrary number of search connections for a 735 particular database open at a given time (regardless of whether there 736 is a connection for indexing open as well). 737 738 If the database doesn't exist, an exception will be raised. 739 740 """ 741 self . _index = _log ( _xapian . Database , indexpath )
742 self . _indexpath = indexpath
743
744
745 self . _load_config ( )
746
747 self . _close_handlers = [ ]
748
751
753 """Append a callback to the list of close handlers.
754 755 These will be called when the SearchConnection is closed. This happens 756 when the close() method is called, or when the SearchConnection object 757 is deleted. The callback will be passed two arguments: the path to the 758 SearchConnection object, and the userdata supplied to this method. 759 760 The handlers will be called in the order in which they were added. 761 762 The handlers will be called after the connection has been closed, so 763 cannot prevent it closing: their return value will be ignored. In 764 addition, they should not raise any exceptions. 765 766 """ 767 self . _close_handlers . append ( ( handler , userdata ) )
768
770 """Get the sort type that should be used for a given field.
771 772 """ 773 try :
774 actions = self . _field_actions [ field ] . _actions
775 except KeyError :
776 actions = { }
777 for action , kwargslist in actions . iteritems ( ) :
778 if action == FieldActions . SORT_AND_COLLAPSE :
779 for kwargs in kwargslist :
780 return kwargs [ 'type' ]
781
783 """Load the configuration for the database.
784 785 """ 786
787
788 assert self . _index is not None
789
790 config_str = _log ( self . _index . get_metadata , '_xappy_config' )
791 if len ( config_str ) == 0 :
792 self . _field_actions = { }
793 self . _field_mappings = _fieldmappings . FieldMappings ( )
794 self . _facet_hierarchy = { }
795 self . _facet_query_table = { }
796 return
797
798 try :
799 ( self . _field_actions , mappings , self . _facet_hierarchy , self . _facet_query_table , self . _next_docid ) = _cPickle . loads ( config_str )
800 except ValueError :
801
802 ( self . _field_actions , mappings , self . _next_docid ) = _cPickle . loads ( config_str )
803 self . _facet_hierarchy = { }
804 self . _facet_query_table = { }
805 self . _field_mappings = _fieldmappings . FieldMappings ( mappings )
806
808 """Reopen the connection.
809 810 This updates the revision of the index which the connection references 811 to the latest flushed revision. 812 813 """ 814 if self . _index is None :
815 raise _errors . SearchError ( "SearchConnection has been closed" )
816 self . _index . reopen ( )
817
818 self . _load_config ( )
819
821 """Close the connection to the database.
822 823 It is important to call this method before allowing the class to be 824 garbage collected to ensure that the connection is cleaned up promptly. 825 826 No other methods may be called on the connection after this has been 827 called. (It is permissible to call close() multiple times, but 828 only the first call will have any effect.) 829 830 If an exception occurs, the database will be closed, but changes since 831 the last call to flush may be lost. 832 833 """ 834 if self . _index is None :
835 return
836
837
838 indexpath = self . _indexpath
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847 self . _index = None
848 self . _indexpath = None
849 self . _field_actions = None
850 self . _field_mappings = None
851
852
853 for handler , userdata in self . _close_handlers :
854 try :
855 handler ( indexpath , userdata )
856 except Exception , e :
857 import sys , traceback
858 print >> sys . stderr , "WARNING: unhandled exception in handler called by SearchConnection.close(): %s" % traceback . format_exception_only ( type ( e ) , e )
859
861 """Count the number of documents in the database.
862 863 This count will include documents which have been added or removed but 864 not yet flushed(). 865 866 """ 867 if self . _index is None :
868 raise _errors . SearchError ( "SearchConnection has been closed" )
869 return self . _index . get_doccount ( )
870
871 OP_AND = _xapian . Query . OP_AND
872 OP_OR = _xapian . Query . OP_OR
874 """Build a composite query from a list of queries.
875 876 The queries are combined with the supplied operator, which is either 877 SearchConnection.OP_AND or SearchConnection.OP_OR. 878 879 """ 880 if self . _index is None :
881 raise _errors . SearchError ( "SearchConnection has been closed" )
882 return _log ( _xapian . Query , operator , list ( queries ) )
883
885 """Build a query which modifies the weights of a subquery.
886 887 This produces a query which returns the same documents as the subquery, 888 and in the same order, but with the weights assigned to each document 889 multiplied by the value of "multiplier". "multiplier" may be any floating 890 point value, but negative values will be clipped to 0, since Xapian 891 doesn't support negative weights. 892 893 This can be useful when producing queries to be combined with 894 query_composite, because it allows the relative importance of parts of 895 the query to be adjusted. 896 897 """ 898 return _log ( _xapian . Query , _xapian . Query . OP_SCALE_WEIGHT , query , multiplier )
899
901 """Filter a query with another query.
902 903 If exclude is False (or not specified), documents will only match the 904 resulting query if they match the both the first and second query: the 905 results of the first query are "filtered" to only include those which 906 also match the second query. 907 908 If exclude is True, documents will only match the resulting query if 909 they match the first query, but not the second query: the results of 910 the first query are "filtered" to only include those which do not match 911 the second query. 912 913 Documents will always be weighted according to only the first query. 914 915 - `query`: The query to filter. 916 - `filter`: The filter to apply to the query. 917 - `exclude`: If True, the sense of the filter is reversed - only 918 documents which do not match the second query will be returned. 919 920 """ 921 if self . _index is None :
922 raise _errors . SearchError ( "SearchConnection has been closed" )
923 if not isinstance ( filter , _xapian . Query ) :
924 raise _errors . SearchError ( "Filter must be a Xapian Query object" )
925 if exclude :
926 return _log ( _xapian . Query , _xapian . Query . OP_AND_NOT , query , filter )
927 else :
928 return _log ( _xapian . Query , _xapian . Query . OP_FILTER , query , filter )
929
931 """Adjust the weights of one query with a secondary query.
932 933 Documents will be returned from the resulting query if and only if they 934 match the primary query (specified by the "primary" parameter). 935 However, the weights (and hence, the relevance rankings) of the 936 documents will be adjusted by adding weights from the secondary query 937 (specified by the "secondary" parameter). 938 939 """ 940 if self . _index is None :
941 raise _errors . SearchError ( "SearchConnection has been closed" )
942 return _log ( _xapian . Query , _xapian . Query . OP_AND_MAYBE , primary , secondary )
943
945 """Create a query for a range search.
946 947 This creates a query which matches only those documents which have a 948 field value in the specified range. 949 950 Begin and end must be appropriate values for the field, according to 951 the 'type' parameter supplied to the SORTABLE action for the field. 952 953 The begin and end values are both inclusive - any documents with a 954 value equal to begin or end will be returned (unless end is less than 955 begin, in which case no documents will be returned). 956 957 Begin or end may be set to None in order to create an open-ended 958 range. (They may also both be set to None, which will generate a query 959 which matches all documents containing any value for the field.) 960 961 """ 962 if self . _index is None :
963 raise _errors . SearchError ( "SearchConnection has been closed" )
964
965 if begin is None and end is None :
966
967 return _log ( _xapian . Query , '' )
968
969 try :
970 slot = self . _field_mappings . get_slot ( field , 'collsort' )
971 except KeyError :
972
973 return _log ( _xapian . Query )
974
975 sorttype = self . _get_sort_type ( field )
976 marshaller = SortableMarshaller ( False )
977 fn = marshaller . get_marshall_function ( field , sorttype )
978
979 if begin is not None :
980 begin = fn ( field , begin )
981 if end is not None :
982 end = fn ( field , end )
983
984 if begin is None :
985 return _log ( _xapian . Query , _xapian . Query . OP_VALUE_LE , slot , end )
986
987 if end is None :
988 return _log ( _xapian . Query , _xapian . Query . OP_VALUE_GE , slot , begin )
989
990 return _log ( _xapian . Query , _xapian . Query . OP_VALUE_RANGE , slot , begin , end )
991
993 """Create a query for a facet value.
994 995 This creates a query which matches only those documents which have a 996 facet value in the specified range. 997 998 For a numeric range facet, val should be a tuple holding the start and 999 end of the range, or a comma separated string holding two floating 1000 point values. For other facets, val should be the value to look 1001 for. 1002 1003 The start and end values are both inclusive - any documents with a 1004 value equal to start or end will be returned (unless end is less than 1005 start, in which case no documents will be returned). 1006 1007 """ 1008 if self . _index is None :
1009 raise _errors . SearchError ( "SearchConnection has been closed" )
1010 if 'facets' in _checkxapian . missing_features :
1011 raise errors . SearchError ( "Facets unsupported with this release of xapian" )
1012
1013 try :
1014 actions = self . _field_actions [ field ] . _actions
1015 except KeyError :
1016 actions = { }
1017 facettype = None
1018 for action , kwargslist in actions . iteritems ( ) :
1019 if action == FieldActions . FACET :
1020 for kwargs in kwargslist :
1021 facettype = kwargs . get ( 'type' , None )
1022 if facettype is not None :
1023 break
1024 if facettype is not None :
1025 break
1026
1027 if facettype == 'float' :
1028 if isinstance ( val , basestring ) :
1029 val = [ float ( v ) for v in val . split ( ',' , 2 ) ]
1030 assert ( len ( val ) == 2 )
1031 try :
1032 slot = self . _field_mappings . get_slot ( field , 'facet' )
1033 except KeyError :
1034 return _log ( _xapian . Query )
1035
1036 sorttype = 'float'
1037 marshaller = SortableMarshaller ( False )
1038 fn = marshaller . get_marshall_function ( field , sorttype )
1039 begin = fn ( field , val [ 0 ] )
1040 end = fn ( field , val [ 1 ] )
1041 return _log ( _xapian . Query , _xapian . Query . OP_VALUE_RANGE , slot , begin , end )
1042 else :
1043 assert ( facettype == 'string' or facettype is None )
1044 prefix = self . _field_mappings . get_prefix ( field )
1045 return _log ( _xapian . Query , prefix + val . lower ( ) )
1046
1047
1050 """Prepare (and return) a query parser using the specified fields and
1051 operator. 1052 1053 """ 1054 if self . _index is None :
1055 raise _errors . SearchError ( "SearchConnection has been closed" )
1056
1057 if isinstance ( allow , basestring ) :
1058 allow = ( allow , )
1059 if isinstance ( deny , basestring ) :
1060 deny = ( deny , )
1061 if allow is not None and len ( allow ) == 0 :
1062 allow = None
1063 if deny is not None and len ( deny ) == 0 :
1064 deny = None
1065 if allow is not None and deny is not None :
1066 raise _errors . SearchError ( "Cannot specify both `allow` and `deny` "
1067 "(got %r and %r)" % ( allow , deny ) )
1068
1069 if isinstance ( default_allow , basestring ) :
1070 default_allow = ( default_allow , )
1071 if isinstance ( default_deny , basestring ) :
1072 default_deny = ( default_deny , )
1073 if default_allow is not None and len ( default_allow ) == 0 :
1074 default_allow = None
1075 if default_deny is not None and len ( default_deny ) == 0 :
1076 default_deny = None
1077 if default_allow is not None and default_deny is not None :
1078 raise _errors . SearchError ( "Cannot specify both `default_allow` and `default_deny` "
1079 "(got %r and %r)" % ( default_allow , default_deny ) )
1080
1081 qp = _log ( _xapian . QueryParser )
1082 qp . set_database ( self . _index )
1083 qp . set_default_op ( default_op )
1084
1085 if allow is None :
1086 allow = [ key for key in self . _field_actions ]
1087 if deny is not None :
1088 allow = [ key for key in allow if key not in deny ]
1089
1090 for field in allow :
1091 try :
1092 actions = self . _field_actions [ field ] . _actions
1093 except KeyError :
1094 actions = { }
1095 for action , kwargslist in actions . iteritems ( ) :
1096 if action == FieldActions . INDEX_EXACT :
1097
1098
1099 qp . add_prefix ( field , self . _field_mappings . get_prefix ( field ) )
1100 if action == FieldActions . INDEX_FREETEXT :
1101 allow_field_specific = True
1102 for kwargs in kwargslist :
1103 allow_field_specific = allow_field_specific or kwargs . get ( 'allow_field_specific' , True )
1104 if not allow_field_specific :
1105 continue
1106 qp . add_prefix ( field , self . _field_mappings . get_prefix ( field ) )
1107 for kwargs in kwargslist :
1108 try :
1109 lang = kwargs [ 'language' ]
1110 my_stemmer = _log ( _xapian . Stem , lang )
1111 qp . my_stemmer = my_stemmer
1112 qp . set_stemmer ( my_stemmer )
1113 qp . set_stemming_strategy ( qp . STEM_SOME )
1114 except KeyError :
1115 pass
1116
1117 if default_allow is not None or default_deny is not None :
1118 if default_allow is None :
1119 default_allow = [ key for key in self . _field_actions ]
1120 if default_deny is not None :
1121 default_allow = [ key for key in default_allow if key not in default_deny ]
1122 for field in default_allow :
1123 try :
1124 actions = self . _field_actions [ field ] . _actions
1125 except KeyError :
1126 actions = { }
1127 for action , kwargslist in actions . iteritems ( ) :
1128 if action == FieldActions . INDEX_FREETEXT :
1129 qp . add_prefix ( '' , self . _field_mappings . get_prefix ( field ) )
1130
1131
1132 return qp
1133
1135 """Parse a query, with an optional prefix.
1136 1137 """ 1138 if prefix is None :
1139 return qp . parse_query ( string , flags )
1140 else :
1141 return qp . parse_query ( string , flags , prefix )
1142
1144 """Parse a query with various flags.
1145 1146 If the initial boolean pass fails, fall back to not using boolean 1147 operators. 1148 1149 """ 1150 try :
1151 q1 = self . _query_parse_with_prefix ( qp , string ,
1152 self . _qp_flags_base |
1153 self . _qp_flags_phrase |
1154 self . _qp_flags_synonym |
1155 self . _qp_flags_bool ,
1156 prefix )
1157 except _xapian . QueryParserError , e :
1158
1159
1160 q1 = self . _query_parse_with_prefix ( qp , string ,
1161 self . _qp_flags_base |
1162 self . _qp_flags_phrase |
1163 self . _qp_flags_synonym ,
1164 prefix )
1165
1166 qp . set_stemming_strategy ( qp . STEM_NONE )
1167 try :
1168 q2 = self . _query_parse_with_prefix ( qp , string ,
1169 self . _qp_flags_base |
1170 self . _qp_flags_bool ,
1171 prefix )
1172 except _xapian . QueryParserError , e :
1173
1174
1175 q2 = self . _query_parse_with_prefix ( qp , string ,
1176 self . _qp_flags_base ,
1177 prefix )
1178
1179 return _log ( _xapian . Query , _xapian . Query . OP_AND_MAYBE , q1 , q2 )
1180
1181 - def query_parse ( self , string , allow = None , deny = None , default_op = OP_AND ,
1182 default_allow = None , default_deny = None ) :
1183 """Parse a query string.
1184 1185 This is intended for parsing queries entered by a user. If you wish to 1186 combine structured queries, it is generally better to use the other 1187 query building methods, such as `query_composite` (though you may wish 1188 to create parts of the query to combine with such methods with this 1189 method). 1190 1191 The string passed to this method can have various operators in it. In 1192 particular, it may contain field specifiers (ie, field names, followed 1193 by a colon, followed by some text to search for in that field). For 1194 example, if "author" is a field in the database, the search string 1195 could contain "author:richard", and this would be interpreted as 1196 "search for richard in the author field". By default, any fields in 1197 the database which are indexed with INDEX_EXACT or INDEX_FREETEXT will 1198 be available for field specific searching in this way - however, this 1199 can be modified using the "allow" or "deny" parameters, and also by the 1200 allow_field_specific tag on INDEX_FREETEXT fields. 1201 1202 Any text which isn't prefixed by a field specifier is used to search 1203 the "default set" of fields. By default, this is the full set of 1204 fields in the database which are indexed with INDEX_FREETEXT and for 1205 which the search_by_default flag set (ie, if the text is found in any 1206 of those fields, the query will match). However, this may be modified 1207 with the "default_allow" and "default_deny" parameters. (Note that 1208 fields which are indexed with INDEX_EXACT aren't allowed to be used in 1209 the default list of fields.) 1210 1211 - `string`: The string to parse. 1212 - `allow`: A list of fields to allow in the query. 1213 - `deny`: A list of fields not to allow in the query. 1214 - `default_op`: The default operator to combine query terms with. 1215 - `default_allow`: A list of fields to search for by default. 1216 - `default_deny`: A list of fields not to search for by default. 1217 1218 Only one of `allow` and `deny` may be specified. 1219 1220 Only one of `default_allow` and `default_deny` may be specified. 1221 1222 If any of the entries in `allow` are not present in the configuration 1223 for the database, or are not specified for indexing (either as 1224 INDEX_EXACT or INDEX_FREETEXT), they will be ignored. If any of the 1225 entries in `deny` are not present in the configuration for the 1226 database, they will be ignored. 1227 1228 Returns a Query object, which may be passed to the search() method, or 1229 combined with other queries. 1230 1231 """ 1232 qp = self . _prepare_queryparser ( allow , deny , default_op , default_allow ,
1233 default_deny )
1234 return self . _query_parse_with_fallback ( qp , string )
1235
1237 """A query for a single field.
1238 1239 """ 1240 if self . _index is None :
1241 raise _errors . SearchError ( "SearchConnection has been closed" )
1242 try :
1243 actions = self . _field_actions [ field ] . _actions
1244 except KeyError :
1245 actions = { }
1246
1247
1248 for action , kwargslist in actions . iteritems ( ) :
1249 if action in ( FieldActions . INDEX_EXACT ,
1250 FieldActions . TAG ,
1251 FieldActions . FACET , ) :
1252 prefix = self . _field_mappings . get_prefix ( field )
1253 if len ( value ) > 0 :
1254 chval = ord ( value [ 0 ] )
1255 if chval >= ord ( 'A' ) and chval <= ord ( 'Z' ) :
1256 prefix = prefix + ':'
1257 return _log ( _xapian . Query , prefix + value )
1258 if action == FieldActions . INDEX_FREETEXT :
1259 qp = _log ( _xapian . QueryParser )
1260 qp . set_default_op ( default_op )
1261 prefix = self . _field_mappings . get_prefix ( field )
1262 for kwargs in kwargslist :
1263 try :
1264 lang = kwargs [ 'language' ]
1265 qp . set_stemmer ( _log ( _xapian . Stem , lang ) )
1266 qp . set_stemming_strategy ( qp . STEM_SOME )
1267 except KeyError :
1268 pass
1269 return self . _query_parse_with_fallback ( qp , value , prefix )
1270
1271 return _log ( _xapian . Query )
1272
1273 - def query_similar ( self , ids , allow = None , deny = None , simterms = 10 ) :
1274 """Get a query which returns documents which are similar to others.
1275 1276 The list of document IDs to base the similarity search on is given in 1277 `ids`. This should be an iterable, holding a list of strings. If 1278 any of the supplied IDs cannot be found in the database, they will be 1279 ignored. (If no IDs can be found in the database, the resulting query 1280 will not match any documents.) 1281 1282 By default, all fields which have been indexed for freetext searching 1283 will be used for the similarity calculation. The list of fields used 1284 for this can be customised using the `allow` and `deny` parameters 1285 (only one of which may be specified): 1286 1287 - `allow`: A list of fields to base the similarity calculation on. 1288 - `deny`: A list of fields not to base the similarity calculation on. 1289 - `simterms`: Number of terms to use for the similarity calculation. 1290 1291 For convenience, any of `ids`, `allow`, or `deny` may be strings, which 1292 will be treated the same as a list of length 1. 1293 1294 Regardless of the setting of `allow` and `deny`, only fields which have 1295 been indexed for freetext searching will be used for the similarity 1296 measure - all other fields will always be ignored for this purpose. 1297 1298 """ 1299 eterms , prefixes = self . _get_eterms ( ids , allow , deny , simterms )
1300
1301
1302
1303 q = _log ( _xapian . Query , _xapian . Query . OP_ELITE_SET , eterms , simterms )
1304 return q
1305
1307 """Get a set of "significant" terms for a document, or documents.
1308 1309 This has a similar interface to query_similar(): it takes a list of 1310 ids, and an optional specification of a set of fields to consider. 1311 Instead of returning a query, it returns a list of terms from the 1312 document (or documents), which appear "significant". Roughly, 1313 in this situation significant means that the terms occur more 1314 frequently in the specified document than in the rest of the corpus. 1315 1316 The list is in decreasing order of "significance". 1317 1318 By default, all terms related to fields which have been indexed for 1319 freetext searching will be considered for the list of significant 1320 terms. The list of fields used for this can be customised using the 1321 `allow` and `deny` parameters (only one of which may be specified): 1322 1323 - `allow`: A list of fields to consider. 1324 - `deny`: A list of fields not to consider. 1325 1326 For convenience, any of `ids`, `allow`, or `deny` may be strings, which 1327 will be treated the same as a list of length 1. 1328 1329 Regardless of the setting of `allow` and `deny`, only fields which have 1330 been indexed for freetext searching will be considered - all other 1331 fields will always be ignored for this purpose. 1332 1333 The maximum number of terms to return may be specified by the maxterms 1334 parameter. 1335 1336 """ 1337 eterms , prefixes = self . _get_eterms ( ids , allow , deny , maxterms )
1338 terms = [ ]
1339 for term in eterms :
1340 pos = 0
1341 for char in term :
1342 if not char . isupper ( ) :
1343 break
1344 pos += 1
1345 field = prefixes [ term [ : pos ] ]
1346 value = term [ pos : ]
1347 terms . append ( ( field , value ) )
1348 return terms
1349
1351 """Get a set of terms for an expand
1352 1353 """ 1354 if self . _index is None :
1355 raise _errors . SearchError ( "SearchConnection has been closed" )
1356 if allow is not None and deny is not None :
1357 raise _errors . SearchError ( "Cannot specify both `allow` and `deny`" )
1358
1359 if isinstance ( ids , basestring ) :
1360 ids = ( ids , )
1361 if isinstance ( allow , basestring ) :
1362 allow = ( allow , )
1363 if isinstance ( deny , basestring ) :
1364 deny = ( deny , )
1365
1366
1367 if allow is None :
1368 allow = [ key for key in self . _field_actions ]
1369 if deny is not None :
1370 allow = [ key for key in allow if key not in deny ]
1371
1372
1373 prefixes = { }
1374 for field in allow :
1375 try :
1376 actions = self . _field_actions [ field ] . _actions
1377 except KeyError :
1378 actions = { }
1379 for action , kwargslist in actions . iteritems ( ) :
1380 if action == FieldActions . INDEX_FREETEXT :
1381 prefixes [ self . _field_mappings . get_prefix ( field ) ] = field
1382
1383
1384 while True :
1385 try :
1386 eterms = self . _perform_expand ( ids , prefixes , simterms )
1387 break ;
1388 except _xapian . DatabaseModifiedError , e :
1389 self . reopen ( )
1390 return eterms , prefixes
1391
1396
1398 pos = 0
1399 for char in term :
1400 if not char . isupper ( ) :
1401 break
1402 pos += 1
1403 if term [ : pos ] in self . _prefixes :
1404 return True
1405 return False
1406
1431
1433 """A query which matches all the documents in the database.
1434 1435 """ 1436 return _log ( _xapian . Query , '' )
1437
1439 """A query which matches no documents in the database.
1440 1441 This may be useful as a placeholder in various situations. 1442 1443 """ 1444 return _log ( _xapian . Query )
1445
1446 - def spell_correct ( self , querystr , allow = None , deny = None , default_op = OP_AND ,
1447 default_allow = None , default_deny = None ) :
1448 """Correct a query spelling.
1449 1450 This returns a version of the query string with any misspelt words 1451 corrected. 1452 1453 - `allow`: A list of fields to allow in the query. 1454 - `deny`: A list of fields not to allow in the query. 1455 - `default_op`: The default operator to combine query terms with. 1456 - `default_allow`: A list of fields to search for by default. 1457 - `default_deny`: A list of fields not to search for by default. 1458 1459 Only one of `allow` and `deny` may be specified. 1460 1461 Only one of `default_allow` and `default_deny` may be specified. 1462 1463 If any of the entries in `allow` are not present in the configuration 1464 for the database, or are not specified for indexing (either as 1465 INDEX_EXACT or INDEX_FREETEXT), they will be ignored. If any of the 1466 entries in `deny` are not present in the configuration for the 1467 database, they will be ignored. 1468 1469 Note that it is possible that the resulting spell-corrected query will 1470 still match no documents - the user should usually check that some 1471 documents are matched by the corrected query before suggesting it to 1472 users. 1473 1474 """ 1475 qp = self . _prepare_queryparser ( allow , deny , default_op , default_allow ,
1476 default_deny )
1477 try :
1478 qp . parse_query ( querystr ,
1479 self . _qp_flags_base |
1480 self . _qp_flags_phrase |
1481 self . _qp_flags_synonym |
1482 self . _qp_flags_bool |
1483 qp . FLAG_SPELLING_CORRECTION )
1484 except _xapian . QueryParserError :
1485 qp . parse_query ( querystr ,
1486 self . _qp_flags_base |
1487 self . _qp_flags_phrase |
1488 self . _qp_flags_synonym |
1489 qp . FLAG_SPELLING_CORRECTION )
1490 corrected = qp . get_corrected_query_string ( )
1491 if len ( corrected ) == 0 :
1492 if isinstance ( querystr , unicode ) :
1493
1494
1495 return querystr . encode ( 'utf-8' )
1496 return querystr
1497 return corrected
1498
1500 """Check if this database supports collapsing on a specified field.
1501 1502 """ 1503 if self . _index is None :
1504 raise _errors . SearchError ( "SearchConnection has been closed" )
1505 try :
1506 self . _field_mappings . get_slot ( field , 'collsort' )
1507 except KeyError :
1508 return False
1509 return True
1510
1512 """Check if this database supports sorting on a specified field.
1513 1514 """ 1515 if self . _index is None :
1516 raise _errors . SearchError ( "SearchConnection has been closed" )
1517 try :
1518 self . _field_mappings . get_slot ( field , 'collsort' )
1519 except KeyError :
1520 return False
1521 return True
1522
1524 """Get the prefix of a term.
1525 1526 Prefixes are any initial capital letters, with the exception that R always 1527 ends a prefix, even if followed by capital letters. 1528 1529 """ 1530 for p in xrange ( len ( term ) ) :
1531 if term [ p ] . islower ( ) :
1532 return term [ : p ]
1533 elif term [ p ] == 'R' :
1534 return term [ : p + 1 ]
1535 return term
1536
1538 """Check if a facet must never be returned by a particular query type.
1539 1540 Returns True if the facet must never be returned. 1541 1542 Returns False if the facet may be returned - either becuase there is no 1543 entry for the query type, or because the entry is not 1544 FacetQueryType_Never. 1545 1546 """ 1547 if query_type is None :
1548 return False
1549 if query_type not in self . _facet_query_table :
1550 return False
1551 if facet not in self . _facet_query_table [ query_type ] :
1552 return False
1553 return self . _facet_query_table [ query_type ] [ facet ] == _indexerconnection . IndexerConnection . FacetQueryType_Never
1554
1555 - def search ( self , query , startrank , endrank ,
1556 checkatleast = 0 , sortby = None , collapse = None ,
1557 gettags = None ,
1558 getfacets = None , allowfacets = None , denyfacets = None , usesubfacets = None ,
1559 percentcutoff = None , weightcutoff = None ,
1560 query_type = None ) :
1561 """Perform a search, for documents matching a query.
1562 1563 - `query` is the query to perform. 1564 - `startrank` is the rank of the start of the range of matching 1565 documents to return (ie, the result with this rank will be returned). 1566 ranks start at 0, which represents the "best" matching document. 1567 - `endrank` is the rank at the end of the range of matching documents 1568 to return. This is exclusive, so the result with this rank will not 1569 be returned. 1570 - `checkatleast` is the minimum number of results to check for: the 1571 estimate of the total number of matches will always be exact if 1572 the number of matches is less than `checkatleast`. A value of ``-1`` 1573 can be specified for the checkatleast parameter - this has the 1574 special meaning of "check all matches", and is equivalent to passing 1575 the result of get_doccount(). 1576 - `sortby` is the name of a field to sort by. It may be preceded by a 1577 '+' or a '-' to indicate ascending or descending order 1578 (respectively). If the first character is neither '+' or '-', the 1579 sort will be in ascending order. 1580 - `collapse` is the name of a field to collapse the result documents 1581 on. If this is specified, there will be at most one result in the 1582 result set for each value of the field. 1583 - `gettags` is the name of a field to count tag occurrences in, or a 1584 list of fields to do so. 1585 - `getfacets` is a boolean - if True, the matching documents will be 1586 examined to build up a list of the facet values contained in them. 1587 - `allowfacets` is a list of the fieldnames of facets to consider. 1588 - `denyfacets` is a list of fieldnames of facets which will not be 1589 considered. 1590 - `usesubfacets` is a boolean - if True, only top-level facets and 1591 subfacets of facets appearing in the query are considered (taking 1592 precedence over `allowfacets` and `denyfacets`). 1593 - `percentcutoff` is the minimum percentage a result must have to be 1594 returned. 1595 - `weightcutoff` is the minimum weight a result must have to be 1596 returned. 1597 - `query_type` is a value indicating the type of query being 1598 performed. If not None, the value is used to influence which facets 1599 are be returned by the get_suggested_facets() function. If the 1600 value of `getfacets` is False, it has no effect. 1601 1602 If neither 'allowfacets' or 'denyfacets' is specified, all fields 1603 holding facets will be considered (but see 'usesubfacets'). 1604 1605 """ 1606 if self . _index is None :
1607 raise _errors . SearchError ( "SearchConnection has been closed" )
1608 if 'facets' in _checkxapian . missing_features :
1609 if getfacets is not None or \
1610 allowfacets is not None or \
1611 denyfacets is not None or \
1612 usesubfacets is not None or \
1613 query_type is not None :
1614 raise errors . SearchError ( "Facets unsupported with this release of xapian" )
1615 if 'tags' in _checkxapian . missing_features :
1616 if gettags is not None :
1617 raise errors . SearchError ( "Tags unsupported with this release of xapian" )
1618 if checkatleast == - 1 :
1619 checkatleast = self . _index . get_doccount ( )
1620
1621 enq = _log ( _xapian . Enquire , self . _index )
1622 enq . set_query ( query )
1623
1624 if sortby is not None :
1625 asc = True
1626 if sortby [ 0 ] == '-' :
1627 asc = False
1628 sortby = sortby [ 1 : ]
1629 elif sortby [ 0 ] == '+' :
1630 sortby = sortby [ 1 : ]
1631
1632 try :
1633 slotnum = self . _field_mappings . get_slot ( sortby , 'collsort' )
1634 except KeyError :
1635 raise _errors . SearchError ( "Field %r was not indexed for sorting" % sortby )
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641 enq . set_sort_by_value_then_relevance ( slotnum , not asc )
1642
1643 if collapse is not None :
1644 try :
1645 slotnum = self . _field_mappings . get_slot ( collapse , 'collsort' )
1646 except KeyError :
1647 raise _errors . SearchError ( "Field %r was not indexed for collapsing" % collapse )
1648 enq . set_collapse_key ( slotnum )
1649
1650 maxitems = max ( endrank - startrank , 0 )
1651
1652
1653 checkatleast = max ( checkatleast , endrank + 1 )
1654
1655
1656 matchspies = [ ]
1657
1658
1659 if isinstance ( gettags , basestring ) :
1660 if len ( gettags ) != 0 :
1661 gettags = [ gettags ]
1662 tagspy = None
1663 if gettags is not None and len ( gettags ) != 0 :
1664 tagspy = _log ( _xapian . TermCountMatchSpy )
1665 for field in gettags :
1666 try :
1667 prefix = self . _field_mappings . get_prefix ( field )
1668 tagspy . add_prefix ( prefix )
1669 except KeyError :
1670 raise _errors . SearchError ( "Field %r was not indexed for tagging" % field )
1671 matchspies . append ( tagspy )
1672
1673
1674
1675 facetspy = None
1676 facetfields = [ ]
1677 if getfacets :
1678 if allowfacets is not None and denyfacets is not None :
1679 raise _errors . SearchError ( "Cannot specify both `allowfacets` and `denyfacets`" )
1680 if allowfacets is None :
1681 allowfacets = [ key for key in self . _field_actions ]
1682 if denyfacets is not None :
1683 allowfacets = [ key for key in allowfacets if key not in denyfacets ]
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688 queryfacets = set ( [ None ] )
1689 if usesubfacets :
1690
1691 termsiter = query . get_terms_begin ( )
1692 termsend = query . get_terms_end ( )
1693 while termsiter != termsend :
1694 prefix = self . _get_prefix_from_term ( termsiter . get_term ( ) )
1695 field = self . _field_mappings . get_fieldname_from_prefix ( prefix )
1696 if field and FieldActions . FACET in self . _field_actions [ field ] . _actions :
1697 queryfacets . add ( field )
1698 termsiter . next ( )
1699
1700 for field in allowfacets :
1701 try :
1702 actions = self . _field_actions [ field ] . _actions
1703 except KeyError :
1704 actions = { }
1705 for action , kwargslist in actions . iteritems ( ) :
1706 if action == FieldActions . FACET :
1707
1708
1709 if usesubfacets and self . _facet_hierarchy . get ( field ) not in queryfacets :
1710 continue
1711
1712 if self . _facet_query_never ( field , query_type ) :
1713 continue
1714 slot = self . _field_mappings . get_slot ( field , 'facet' )
1715 if facetspy is None :
1716 facetspy = _log ( _xapian . CategorySelectMatchSpy )
1717 facettype = None
1718 for kwargs in kwargslist :
1719 facettype = kwargs . get ( 'type' , None )
1720 if facettype is not None :
1721 break
1722 if facettype is None or facettype == 'string' :
1723 facetspy . add_slot ( slot , True )
1724 else :
1725 facetspy . add_slot ( slot )
1726 facetfields . append ( ( field , slot , kwargslist ) )
1727
1728 if facetspy is None :
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733 facetspy = False
1734 else :
1735 matchspies . append ( facetspy )
1736
1737
1738
1739 if len ( matchspies ) == 0 :
1740 matchspy = None
1741 elif len ( matchspies ) == 1 :
1742 matchspy = matchspies [ 0 ]
1743 else :
1744 matchspy = _log ( _xapian . MultipleMatchDecider )
1745 for spy in matchspies :
1746 matchspy . append ( spy )
1747
1748 enq . set_docid_order ( enq . DONT_CARE )
1749
1750
1751 if percentcutoff is not None or weightcutoff is not None :
1752 if percentcutoff is None :
1753 percentcutoff = 0
1754 if weightcutoff is None :
1755 weightcutoff = 0
1756 enq . set_cutoff ( percentcutoff , weightcutoff )
1757
1758
1759 while True :
1760 try :
1761 if matchspy is None :
1762 mset = enq . get_mset ( startrank , maxitems , checkatleast )
1763 else :
1764 mset = enq . get_mset ( startrank , maxitems , checkatleast ,
1765 None , None , matchspy )
1766 break
1767 except _xapian . DatabaseModifiedError , e :
1768 self . reopen ( )
1769 facet_hierarchy = None
1770 if usesubfacets :
1771 facet_hierarchy = self . _facet_hierarchy
1772
1773 return SearchResults ( self , enq , query , mset , self . _field_mappings ,
1774 tagspy , gettags , facetspy , facetfields ,
1775 facet_hierarchy ,
1776 self . _facet_query_table . get ( query_type ) )
1777
1779 """Get an iterator which returns all the ids in the database.
1780 1781 The unqiue_ids are currently returned in binary lexicographical sort 1782 order, but this should not be relied on. 1783 1784 Note that the iterator returned by this method may raise a 1785 xapian.DatabaseModifiedError exception if modifications are committed 1786 to the database while the iteration is in progress. If this happens, 1787 the search connection must be reopened (by calling reopen) and the 1788 iteration restarted. 1789 1790 """ 1791 if self . _index is None :
1792 raise _errors . SearchError ( "SearchConnection has been closed" )
1793 return _indexerconnection . PrefixedTermIter ( 'Q' , self . _index . allterms ( ) )
1794
1796 """Get the document with the specified unique ID.
1797 1798 Raises a KeyError if there is no such document. Otherwise, it returns 1799 a ProcessedDocument. 1800 1801 """ 1802 if self . _index is None :
1803 raise _errors . SearchError ( "SearchConnection has been closed" )
1804 while True :
1805 try :
1806 postlist = self . _index . postlist ( 'Q' + id )
1807 try :
1808 plitem = postlist . next ( )
1809 except StopIteration :
1810
1811 raise KeyError ( 'Unique ID %r not found' % id )
1812 try :
1813 postlist . next ( )
1814 raise _errors . IndexerError ( "Multiple documents "
1815 "found with same unique ID" )
1816 except StopIteration :
1817
1818 pass
1819
1820 result = ProcessedDocument ( self . _field_mappings )
1821 result . id = id
1822 result . _doc = self . _index . get_document ( plitem . docid )
1823 return result
1824 except _xapian . DatabaseModifiedError , e :
1825 self . reopen ( )
1826
1828 """Get an iterator over the synonyms.
1829 1830 - `prefix`: if specified, only synonym keys with this prefix will be 1831 returned. 1832 1833 The iterator returns 2-tuples, in which the first item is the key (ie, 1834 a 2-tuple holding the term or terms which will be synonym expanded, 1835 followed by the fieldname specified (or None if no fieldname)), and the 1836 second item is a tuple of strings holding the synonyms for the first 1837 item. 1838 1839 These return values are suitable for the dict() builtin, so you can 1840 write things like: 1841 1842 >>> conn = _indexerconnection.IndexerConnection('foo') 1843 >>> conn.add_synonym('foo', 'bar') 1844 >>> conn.add_synonym('foo bar', 'baz') 1845 >>> conn.add_synonym('foo bar', 'foo baz') 1846 >>> conn.flush() 1847 >>> conn = SearchConnection('foo') 1848 >>> dict(conn.iter_synonyms()) 1849 {('foo', None): ('bar',), ('foo bar', None): ('baz', 'foo baz')} 1850 1851 """ 1852 if self . _index is None :
1853 raise _errors . SearchError ( "SearchConnection has been closed" )
1854 return _indexerconnection . SynonymIter ( self . _index , self . _field_mappings , prefix )
1855
1870
1871 if __name__ == '__main__' : 1872 import doctest , sys
1873 doctest . testmod ( sys . modules [ __name__ ] )
1874
xappy.searchconnection.SearchConnection
Class SearchConnection source code
object --+
|
SearchConnection
A connection to the search engine for searching.
The connection will access a view of the database.
query_parse (self ,
string ,
allow =None ,
deny =None ,
default_op =0 ,
default_allow =None ,
default_deny =None )
source code
query_field (self ,
field ,
value ,
default_op =0 )
source code
query_similar (self ,
ids ,
allow =None ,
deny =None ,
simterms =10 )
source code
query_all (self )
source code
spell_correct (self ,
querystr ,
allow =None ,
deny =None ,
default_op =0 ,
default_allow =None ,
default_deny =None )
source code
can_collapse_on (self ,
field )
source code
can_sort_on (self ,
field )
source code
search (self ,
query ,
startrank ,
endrank ,
checkatleast =0 ,
sortby =None ,
collapse =None ,
gettags =None ,
getfacets =None ,
allowfacets =None ,
denyfacets =None ,
usesubfacets =None ,
percentcutoff =None ,
weightcutoff =None ,
query_type =None )
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__str__
Inherited from object :
__class__
Create a new connection to the index for searching.
There may only an arbitrary number of search connections for a
particular database open at a given time (regardless of whether there
is a connection for indexing open as well).
If the database doesn't exist, an exception will be raised.
Overrides:
object.__init__
append_close_handler (self ,
handler ,
userdata =None ) source code
Append a callback to the list of close handlers.
These will be called when the SearchConnection is closed. This happens
when the close() method is called, or when the SearchConnection object
is deleted. The callback will be passed two arguments: the path to the
SearchConnection object, and the userdata supplied to this method.
The handlers will be called in the order in which they were added.
The handlers will be called after the connection has been closed, so
cannot prevent it closing: their return value will be ignored. In
addition, they should not raise any exceptions.
Reopen the connection.
This updates the revision of the index which the connection references
to the latest flushed revision.
Close the connection to the database.
It is important to call this method before allowing the class to be
garbage collected to ensure that the connection is cleaned up promptly.
No other methods may be called on the connection after this has been
called. (It is permissible to call close() multiple times, but
only the first call will have any effect.)
If an exception occurs, the database will be closed, but changes since
the last call to flush may be lost.
Count the number of documents in the database.
This count will include documents which have been added or removed but
not yet flushed().
Build a composite query from a list of queries.
The queries are combined with the supplied operator, which is either
SearchConnection.OP_AND or SearchConnection.OP_OR.
Build a query which modifies the weights of a subquery.
This produces a query which returns the same documents as the subquery,
and in the same order, but with the weights assigned to each document
multiplied by the value of "multiplier". "multiplier" may be any floating
point value, but negative values will be clipped to 0, since Xapian
doesn't support negative weights.
This can be useful when producing queries to be combined with
query_composite, because it allows the relative importance of parts of
the query to be adjusted.
query_filter (self ,
query ,
filter ,
exclude =False ) source code
Filter a query with another query.
If exclude is False (or not specified), documents will only match the
resulting query if they match the both the first and second query: the
results of the first query are "filtered" to only include those which
also match the second query.
If exclude is True, documents will only match the resulting query if
they match the first query, but not the second query: the results of
the first query are "filtered" to only include those which do not match
the second query.
Documents will always be weighted according to only the first query.
query: The query to filter.filter: The filter to apply to the query.exclude: If True, the sense of the filter is reversed - only
documents which do not match the second query will be returned.
Adjust the weights of one query with a secondary query.
Documents will be returned from the resulting query if and only if they
match the primary query (specified by the "primary" parameter).
However, the weights (and hence, the relevance rankings) of the
documents will be adjusted by adding weights from the secondary query
(specified by the "secondary" parameter).
Create a query for a range search.
This creates a query which matches only those documents which have a
field value in the specified range.
Begin and end must be appropriate values for the field, according to
the 'type' parameter supplied to the SORTABLE action for the field.
The begin and end values are both inclusive - any documents with a
value equal to begin or end will be returned (unless end is less than
begin, in which case no documents will be returned).
Begin or end may be set to None in order to create an open-ended
range. (They may also both be set to None, which will generate a query
which matches all documents containing any value for the field.)
Create a query for a facet value.
This creates a query which matches only those documents which have a
facet value in the specified range.
For a numeric range facet, val should be a tuple holding the start and
end of the range, or a comma separated string holding two floating
point values. For other facets, val should be the value to look
for.
The start and end values are both inclusive - any documents with a
value equal to start or end will be returned (unless end is less than
start, in which case no documents will be returned).
query_parse (self ,
string ,
allow =None ,
deny =None ,
default_op =0 ,
default_allow =None ,
default_deny =None ) source code
Parse a query string.
This is intended for parsing queries entered by a user. If you wish to
combine structured queries, it is generally better to use the other
query building methods, such as query_composite (though you may wish
to create parts of the query to combine with such methods with this
method).
The string passed to this method can have various operators in it. In
particular, it may contain field specifiers (ie, field names, followed
by a colon, followed by some text to search for in that field). For
example, if "author" is a field in the database, the search string
could contain "author:richard", and this would be interpreted as
"search for richard in the author field". By default, any fields in
the database which are indexed with INDEX_EXACT or INDEX_FREETEXT will
be available for field specific searching in this way - however, this
can be modified using the "allow" or "deny" parameters, and also by the
allow_field_specific tag on INDEX_FREETEXT fields.
Any text which isn't prefixed by a field specifier is used to search
the "default set" of fields. By default, this is the full set of
fields in the database which are indexed with INDEX_FREETEXT and for
which the search_by_default flag set (ie, if the text is found in any
of those fields, the query will match). However, this may be modified
with the "default_allow" and "default_deny" parameters. (Note that
fields which are indexed with INDEX_EXACT aren't allowed to be used in
the default list of fields.)
string: The string to parse.allow: A list of fields to allow in the query.deny: A list of fields not to allow in the query.default_op: The default operator to combine query terms with.default_allow: A list of fields to search for by default.default_deny: A list of fields not to search for by default.
Only one of allow and deny may be specified.
Only one of default_allow and default_deny may be specified.
If any of the entries in allow are not present in the configuration
for the database, or are not specified for indexing (either as
INDEX_EXACT or INDEX_FREETEXT), they will be ignored. If any of the
entries in deny are not present in the configuration for the
database, they will be ignored.
Returns a Query object, which may be passed to the search() method, or
combined with other queries.
query_similar (self ,
ids ,
allow =None ,
deny =None ,
simterms =10 ) source code
Get a query which returns documents which are similar to others.
The list of document IDs to base the similarity search on is given in
ids. This should be an iterable, holding a list of strings. If
any of the supplied IDs cannot be found in the database, they will be
ignored. (If no IDs can be found in the database, the resulting query
will not match any documents.)
By default, all fields which have been indexed for freetext searching
will be used for the similarity calculation. The list of fields used
for this can be customised using the allow and deny parameters
(only one of which may be specified):
allow: A list of fields to base the similarity calculation on.deny: A list of fields not to base the similarity calculation on.simterms: Number of terms to use for the similarity calculation.
For convenience, any of ids, allow, or deny may be strings, which
will be treated the same as a list of length 1.
Regardless of the setting of allow and deny, only fields which have
been indexed for freetext searching will be used for the similarity
measure - all other fields will always be ignored for this purpose.
significant_terms (self ,
ids ,
maxterms =10 ,
allow =None ,
deny =None ) source code
Get a set of "significant" terms for a document, or documents.
This has a similar interface to query_similar(): it takes a list of
ids, and an optional specification of a set of fields to consider.
Instead of returning a query, it returns a list of terms from the
document (or documents), which appear "significant". Roughly,
in this situation significant means that the terms occur more
frequently in the specified document than in the rest of the corpus.
The list is in decreasing order of "significance".
By default, all terms related to fields which have been indexed for
freetext searching will be considered for the list of significant
terms. The list of fields used for this can be customised using the
allow and deny parameters (only one of which may be specified):
allow: A list of fields to consider.deny: A list of fields not to consider.
For convenience, any of ids, allow, or deny may be strings, which
will be treated the same as a list of length 1.
Regardless of the setting of allow and deny, only fields which have
been indexed for freetext searching will be considered - all other
fields will always be ignored for this purpose.
The maximum number of terms to return may be specified by the maxterms
parameter.
A query which matches no documents in the database.
This may be useful as a placeholder in various situations.
spell_correct (self ,
querystr ,
allow =None ,
deny =None ,
default_op =0 ,
default_allow =None ,
default_deny =None ) source code
Correct a query spelling.
This returns a version of the query string with any misspelt words
corrected.
allow: A list of fields to allow in the query.deny: A list of fields not to allow in the query.default_op: The default operator to combine query terms with.default_allow: A list of fields to search for by default.default_deny: A list of fields not to search for by default.
Only one of allow and deny may be specified.
Only one of default_allow and default_deny may be specified.
If any of the entries in allow are not present in the configuration
for the database, or are not specified for indexing (either as
INDEX_EXACT or INDEX_FREETEXT), they will be ignored. If any of the
entries in deny are not present in the configuration for the
database, they will be ignored.
Note that it is possible that the resulting spell-corrected query will
still match no documents - the user should usually check that some
documents are matched by the corrected query before suggesting it to
users.
search (self ,
query ,
startrank ,
endrank ,
checkatleast =0 ,
sortby =None ,
collapse =None ,
gettags =None ,
getfacets =None ,
allowfacets =None ,
denyfacets =None ,
usesubfacets =None ,
percentcutoff =None ,
weightcutoff =None ,
query_type =None ) source code
Perform a search, for documents matching a query.
query is the query to perform.startrank is the rank of the start of the range of matching
documents to return (ie, the result with this rank will be returned).
ranks start at 0, which represents the "best" matching document.endrank is the rank at the end of the range of matching documents
to return. This is exclusive, so the result with this rank will not
be returned.checkatleast is the minimum number of results to check for: the
estimate of the total number of matches will always be exact if
the number of matches is less than checkatleast. A value of -1 sortby is the name of a field to sort by. It may be preceded by a
'+' or a '-' to indicate ascending or descending order
(respectively). If the first character is neither '+' or '-', the
sort will be in ascending order.collapse is the name of a field to collapse the result documents
on. If this is specified, there will be at most one result in the
result set for each value of the field.gettags is the name of a field to count tag occurrences in, or a
list of fields to do so.getfacets is a boolean - if True, the matching documents will be
examined to build up a list of the facet values contained in them.allowfacets is a list of the fieldnames of facets to consider.denyfacets is a list of fieldnames of facets which will not be
considered.usesubfacets is a boolean - if True, only top-level facets and
subfacets of facets appearing in the query are considered (taking
precedence over allowfacets and denyfacets).percentcutoff is the minimum percentage a result must have to be
returned.weightcutoff is the minimum weight a result must have to be
returned.query_type is a value indicating the type of query being
performed. If not None, the value is used to influence which facets
are be returned by the get_suggested_facets() function. If the
value of getfacets is False, it has no effect.
If neither 'allowfacets' or 'denyfacets' is specified, all fields
holding facets will be considered (but see 'usesubfacets').
Get an iterator which returns all the ids in the database.
The unqiue_ids are currently returned in binary lexicographical sort
order, but this should not be relied on.
Note that the iterator returned by this method may raise a
xapian.DatabaseModifiedError exception if modifications are committed
to the database while the iteration is in progress. If this happens,
the search connection must be reopened (by calling reopen) and the
iteration restarted.
Get the document with the specified unique ID.
Raises a KeyError if there is no such document. Otherwise, it returns
a ProcessedDocument.
Get an iterator over the synonyms.
prefix: if specified, only synonym keys with this prefix will be
returned.
The iterator returns 2-tuples, in which the first item is the key (ie,
a 2-tuple holding the term or terms which will be synonym expanded,
followed by the fieldname specified (or None if no fieldname)), and the
second item is a tuple of strings holding the synonyms for the first
item.
These return values are suitable for the dict() builtin, so you can
write things like:
>>> conn = _indexerconnection.IndexerConnection('foo' )
>>> conn.add_synonym('foo' , 'bar' )
>>> conn.add_synonym('foo bar' , 'baz' )
>>> conn.add_synonym('foo bar' , 'foo baz' )
>>> conn.flush()
>>> conn = SearchConnection('foo' )
>>> dict(conn.iter_synonyms())
{('foo', None): ('bar',), ('foo bar', None): ('baz', 'foo baz')}
Get an item of metadata stored in the connection.
This returns a value stored by a previous call to
IndexerConnection.set_metadata.
If the value is not found, this will return the empty string.
xappy.searchconnection.SearchConnection.ExpandDecider
Class ExpandDecider source code
object --+
|
xapian.ExpandDecider --+
|
SearchConnection.ExpandDecider
__init__ (self ,
prefixes )
source code
Inherited from xapian.ExpandDecider :
__disown__,
__repr__,
__swig_destroy__
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__setattr__,
__str__
Inherited from xapian.ExpandDecider :
thisown
Inherited from object :
__class__
x.__init__(...) initializes x; see x.__class__.__doc__ for
signature
Overrides:
xapian.ExpandDecider.__init__
Overrides:
xapian.ExpandDecider.__call__
xappy.searchconnection.SearchResult
Class SearchResult source code
object --+
|
datastructures.ProcessedDocument --+
|
SearchResult
A result from a search.
As well as being a ProcessedDocument representing the document in the
database, the result has several members which may be used to get
information about how well the document matches the search:
rank: The rank of the document in the search results, starting at 0
(ie, 0 is the "top" result, 1 is the second result, etc).weight: A floating point number indicating the weight of the result
document. The value is only meaningful relative to other results for a
given search - a different search, or the same search with a different
database, may give an entirely different scale to the weights. This
should not usually be displayed to users, but may be useful if trying to
perform advanced reweighting operations on search results.percent: A percentage value for the weight of a document. This is
just a rescaled form of the weight member. It doesn't represent any
kind of probability value; the only real meaning of the numbers is that,
within a single set of results, a document with a higher percentage
corresponds to a better match. Because the percentage doesn't really
represent a probability, or a confidence value, it is probably unhelpful
to display it to most users, since they tend to place an over emphasis
on its meaning. However, it is included because it may be useful
occasionally.
summarise (self ,
field ,
maxlen =600 ,
hl =('<b>', '</b>')query =None )
source code
highlight (self ,
field ,
hl =('<b>', '</b>')strip_tags =False ,
query =None )
source code
Inherited from datastructures.ProcessedDocument :
add_term add_value get_value prepare
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__setattr__,
__str__
__init__ (self ,
msetitem ,
results )(Constructor)
source code
Create a ProcessedDocument.
fieldmappings is the configuration from a database connection used lookup
the configuration to use to store each field.
If supplied, xapdoc is a Xapian document to store in the processed
document. Otherwise, a new Xapian document is created.
Overrides:
datastructures.ProcessedDocument.__init__
(inherited documentation)
summarise (self ,
field ,
maxlen =600 ,
hl =('<b>', '</b>')query =None ) source code
Return a summarised version of the field specified.
This will return a summary of the contents of the field stored in the
search result, with words which match the query highlighted.
The maximum length of the summary (in characters) may be set using the
maxlen parameter.
The return value will be a string holding the summary, with
highlighting applied. If there are multiple instances of the field in
the document, the instances will be joined with a newline character.
To turn off highlighting, set hl to None. Each highlight will consist
of the first entry in the hl list being placed before the word, and
the second entry in the hl list being placed after the word.
Any XML or HTML style markup tags in the field will be stripped before
the summarisation algorithm is applied.
If query is supplied, it should contain a Query object, as returned
from SearchConnection.query_parse() or related methods, which will be
used as the basis of the summarisation and highlighting rather than the
query which was used for the search.
Raises KeyError if the field is not known.
highlight (self ,
field ,
hl =('<b>', '</b>')strip_tags =False ,
query =None ) source code
Return a highlighted version of the field specified.
This will return all the contents of the field stored in the search
result, with words which match the query highlighted.
The return value will be a list of strings (corresponding to the list
of strings which is the raw field data).
Each highlight will consist of the first entry in the hl list being
placed before the word, and the second entry in the hl list being
placed after the word.
If strip_tags is True, any XML or HTML style markup tags in the field
will be stripped before highlighting is applied.
If query is supplied, it should contain a Query object, as returned
from SearchConnection.query_parse() or related methods, which will be
used as the basis of the summarisation and highlighting rather than the
query which was used for the search.
Raises KeyError if the field is not known.
xappy.searchconnection.SearchResultIter
Class SearchResultIter source code
object --+
|
SearchResultIter
__init__ (self ,
results ,
order )
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__repr__,
__setattr__,
__str__
Inherited from object :
__class__
__init__ (self ,
results ,
order )(Constructor)
source code
x.__init__(...) initializes x; see x.__class__.__doc__ for
signature
Overrides:
object.__init__
(inherited documentation)
xappy.searchconnection.SearchResults
Class SearchResults source code
object --+
|
SearchResults
__init__ (self ,
conn ,
enq ,
query ,
mset ,
fieldmappings ,
tagspy ,
tagfields ,
facetspy ,
facetfields ,
facethierarchy ,
facetassocs )
source code
get_hit (self ,
index )
source code
__getitem__ (self ,
index )
source code
get_suggested_facets (self ,
maxfacets =5 ,
desired_num_of_categories =7 ,
required_facets =None )
source code
Inherited from object :
__delattr__,
__getattribute__,
__hash__,
__new__,
__reduce__,
__reduce_ex__,
__setattr__,
__str__
more_matches
startrank
endrank
matches_lower_bound
matches_upper_bound
matches_human_readable_estimate
matches_estimated
estimate_is_exact
Inherited from object :
__class__
__init__ (self ,
conn ,
enq ,
query ,
mset ,
fieldmappings ,
tagspy ,
tagfields ,
facetspy ,
facetfields ,
facethierarchy ,
facetassocs )(Constructor)
source code
x.__init__(...) initializes x; see x.__class__.__doc__ for
signature
Overrides:
object.__init__
(inherited documentation)
repr(x)
Overrides:
object.__repr__
(inherited documentation)
Get an iterator over the hits in the search result.
The iterator returns the results in increasing order of rank.
Get the number of hits in the search result.
Note that this is not (usually) the number of matching documents for
the search. If startrank is non-zero, it's not even the rank of the
last document in the search result. It's simply the number of hits
stored in the search result.
It is, however, the number of items returned by the iterator produced
by calling iter() on this SearchResults object.
Get the most frequent tags in a given field.
field - the field to get tags for. This must have been specified
in the "gettags" argument of the search() call.maxtags - the maximum number of tags to return.
Returns a sequence of 2-item tuples, in which the first item in the
tuple is the tag, and the second is the frequency of the tag in the
matches seen (as an integer).
get_suggested_facets (self ,
maxfacets =5 ,
desired_num_of_categories =7 ,
required_facets =None ) source code
Get a suggested set of facets, to present to the user.
This returns a list, in descending order of the usefulness of the
facet, in which each item is a tuple holding:
fieldname of facet.
sequence of 2-tuples holding the suggested values or ranges for that
field:
For facets of type 'string', the first item in the 2-tuple will
simply be the string supplied when the facet value was added to its
document. For facets of type 'float', it will be a 2-tuple, holding
floats giving the start and end of the suggested value range.
The second item in the 2-tuple will be the frequency of the facet
value or range in the result set.
If required_facets is not None, it must be a field name, or a sequence
of field names. Any field names mentioned in required_facets will be
returned if there are any facet values at all in the search results for
that field. The facet will only be omitted if there are no facet
values at all for the field.
The value of maxfacets will be respected as far as possible; the
exception is that if there are too many fields listed in
required_facets with at least one value in the search results, extra
facets will be returned (ie, obeying the required_facets parameter is
considered more important than the maxfacets parameter).
If facet_hierarchy was indicated when search() was called, and the
query included facets, then only subfacets of those query facets and
top-level facets will be included in the returned list. Furthermore
top-level facets will only be returned if there are remaining places
in the list after it has been filled with subfacets. Note that
required_facets is still respected regardless of the facet hierarchy.
If a query type was specified when search() was called, and the query
included facets, then facets with an association of Never to the
query type are never returned, even if mentioned in required_facets.
Facets with an association of Preferred are listed before others in
the returned list.
endrank
Get the rank of the item after the end of the search results.
If there are sufficient results in the index, this corresponds to the
"endrank" parameter passed to the search() method.
Get Method:
xappy.searchconnection.SearchResults._get_endrank (self )
matches_human_readable_estimate
Get a human readable estimate of the number of matching documents.
This consists of the value returned by the "matches_estimated" property,
rounded to an appropriate number of significant digits (as determined by
the values of the "matches_lower_bound" and "matches_upper_bound"
properties).
Get Method:
xappy.searchconnection.SearchResults._get_human_readable_estimate (self )
The "xappy" module is an easy-to-use interface to the Xapian search engine.
Xapian provides a low level interface, dealing with terms and documents, but
not really worrying about where terms come from, or how to build searches to
match the way in which data has been indexed. In contrast, Xappy allows you
to design a field structure, specifying what kind of information is held in
particular fields, and then uses this field structure to index data
appropriately, and to build and perform searches.
You will need an up-to-date version of Xapian (both the core library and the
corresponding Python bindings) to use Xappy. Unfortunately, the latest
release (1.0.3) doesn't support all the features needed by Xappy, so you will
either need a recent snapshot release, or to build from Xapian SVN HEAD. We
recommend using a snapshot unless you are actively developing Xapian itself.
We hope that release 1.0.4 will be suitable for use with Xappy.
There is not yet a distutils setup script for xappy, but other than Xapian it
has no dependencies or resources which need installing, so it may be installed
simply by copying the "xappy" directory to somewhere on your Python path.
Once Xapian and Xappy are installed, you should be able to start the python
interpreter and run:
>>> import xappy
To run the testsuite, simply run "./testsuite/runtests.py". This will
display any errors produced when running the testsuite, and then display a
coverage report for the modules tested.
The testsuite is composed of tests taken from three sources:
doctest tests in the code comments in the
additional doctest tests in text files with names of the form
'FOO_doctestN.txt', which test the module named "FOO" (and are run in a
context in which the modules public symbols have all been imported).
additional documentation files (such as this one) which contain doctest
formatted examples.
The list of core modules to test, and additional documentation files to check,
is maintained in the "testsuite/runtests.py" file.
The coverage report displayed after running the testsuite is statement based,
which is sadly one of the least precise methods of generating a coverage
report, and counts lines as having been executed even if they haven't been
tested in all possible code paths. On the plus side, its judgement is reliable
if it considers that a line of code hasn't been tested. For this reason, it is
reasonable to aim for 100% coverage by this metric, and the coverage report can
be helpful to keep track of sections of code which aren't tested at all.
For any released version of Xappy, the coverage report should indicate 100%
coverage for all modules. However, if you are using an SVN snapshot of Xappy,
you may find that some code is not covered. In addition, the coverage testing
currently contains a bug when run under Python 2.5 which causes some lines of
code to be incorectly marked as "not covered" when they actually are. When run
under Python 2.4, this bug doesn't manifest.
Before we process any documents, we need to create a database to hold the
documents. This is done simply by creating an "IndexerConnection" object, and
passing it the path we want to create the database at. If the database doesn't
already exist, this will create a new, empty, database:
>>> conn = xappy.IndexerConnection('db1')
Note
All connections may only be accessed from a single thread at a time,
and there may only be one IndexerConnection in existence at any given time.
Additionally, it generally gives a large performance gain to ensure that the
connection is kept open between modifications of the database, so that
modifications can be grouped together. Therefore, you must protect access to
the connection with a mutex if multiple threads might access it.
Once we've created an IndexerConnection, we can use it to specify the actions
which should be performed on fields with a given name. There are several
actions available, for different types of field content, and for different
types of searches. You need to decide what actions you need before adding
documents, because the database does not store enough information about
documents to get back to the unprocessed document. The connection will allow
you to change the field actions after documents have been added, but this
change will not be reflected in any documents which have already been added to
the database.
Fields which contain plain text should be added with the INDEX_FREETEXT
weight language stop spell nopos allow_field_specific search_by_default
All text passed to the interface is assumed to be UTF-8 encoded Unicode.
>>> conn.add_field_action('title', xappy.FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, weight=5, language='en')
>>> conn.add_field_action('text', xappy.FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, language='en', spell=True)
Any fields which contain exact values which we want to search for (such as a
category name, or an ID number should be given the INDEX_EXACT
>>> conn.add_field_action('category', xappy.FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT)
If we want to be able to sort on a field, we need to give it the SORTABLE SORTABLE
Date values can be supplied as strings in the form YYYYMMDD or YYYY-MM-DD (or
using / or . as separators). Floating point numbers can be in any
representation which is understood by Python's float() function:
>>> conn.add_field_action('category', xappy.FieldActions.SORTABLE)
>>> conn.add_field_action('date', xappy.FieldActions.SORTABLE, type="date")
>>> conn.add_field_action('price', xappy.FieldActions.SORTABLE, type="float")
If we want to be able to be able to remove duplicates based on a field, we need
to give it the COLLAPSE
>>> conn.add_field_action('category', xappy.FieldActions.COLLAPSE)
If we want to be able to retrieve data from the document when it is
the result of a search, we need to set the STORE_CONTENT
>>> conn.add_field_action('text', xappy.FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> conn.add_field_action('title', xappy.FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> conn.add_field_action('category', xappy.FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
If we want to use the contents of a field as "tags", which can be counted at
search time (possibly, in order to build a tag-cloud, or other such
visualisation), we need to set the TAG
>>> conn.add_field_action('tag', xappy.FieldActions.TAG)
Xappy also supports "faceted browsing": this means attaching "facets" to
documents, where a facet is a value representing one aspect of information
about a document: for example, the price of an object would be a facet of a
document representing that object. Xappy supports storing many facets about a
document, restricting the search results to only those documents which contain
a particular facet, and automatically selecting a set of facets which are
relevant to the set of results returned by a search (so that the facets can be
presented to the user to be used to refine their search).
If we want to use a field as a facet, we simply add the FACET
>>> conn.add_field_action('price', xappy.FieldActions.FACET, type='float')
>>> conn.add_field_action('category', xappy.FieldActions.FACET, type='string')
To add data to the database, we first create UnprocessedDocument ProcessedDocument ProcessedDocument UnprocessedDocument ProcessedDocument
We can access the list of fields in an UnprocessedDocument fields
>>> doc = xappy.UnprocessedDocument()
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("title", "Our first document"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("text", "This is a paragraph of text. It's quite short."))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("text", "We can create another paragraph of text. "
... "We can have as many of these as we like."))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("category", "Test documents"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("tag", "Tag1"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("tag", "Test document"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("tag", "Test document"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("price", "20.56"))
We can add the document directly to the database: if we do this, the connection
will process the document to generate a ProcessedDocument
>>> conn.add(doc)
'0'
Note that the add '0' id
We can also ask the database to process a document explicitly before calling
the "add" method. We might do this if we want to change the processed document
in some way, but this isn't generally necessary:
>>> doc = xappy.UnprocessedDocument()
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("title", "Our second document"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("text", "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth."))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("category", "Bible"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("price", "12.20"))
>>> doc.id='Bible1'
>>> pdoc = conn.process(doc)
>>> conn.add(pdoc)
'Bible1'
>>> doc = xappy.UnprocessedDocument()
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("title", "Our third document"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("text", "And the earth was without form, and void; "
... "and darkness was upon the face of the deep. "
... "And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters."))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("category", "Bible"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("date", "17501225"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("price", "16.56"))
>>> doc.id='Bible2'
>>> pdoc = conn.process(doc)
>>> conn.add(pdoc)
'Bible2'
Once we have finished indexing, we should flush the changes to disk. Any
changes which are unflushed may not be preserved if the processes exits without
closing the database nicely:
>>> conn.flush()
Finally, we should close the connection to release its resources (if we leave
this to the garbage collector, this might not happen for a long time). After
closing, no other methods may be called on the connection, but a new connection
can be made.:
>>> conn.close()
A search connection is opened similarly to an indexing connection. However,
note that multiple search connections may be opened at once (though each
connection must not be accessed from more than one thread). Search connections
can even be open while indexing connections are:
>>> conn = xappy.SearchConnection('db1')
A search connection attempts to provide a stable view of the database, so when
an update is made by a concurrent indexing process, the search connection will
not reflect this change. This allows the results of the search to be gathered
without needing to worry about concurrent updates (but see the section below
about this for limitations on this facility).
The search connection can be reopened at any time to make it point to the
latest version of the database:
>>> conn.reopen()
To perform a search, we need to specify what we're searching for. This is
called a "Query", and the search connection provides several methods for
building up a query. The simplest of these is the query_field
>>> q = conn.query_field('text', 'create a paragraph')
>>> str(q)
'Xapian::Query(((ZXBcreat:(pos=1) AND ZXBa:(pos=2) AND ZXBparagraph:(pos=3)) AND_MAYBE (XBcreate:(pos=1) AND XBa:(pos=2) AND XBparagraph:(pos=3))))'
As you can see, the str() function will display the underlying Xapian query
which is generated by the search connection. This may look a little weird at
first, but you can get a general idea of the shape of the query.
The default operator for searches is "AND", but if we wish to be a little wider
in our search, we can use the "OR" operator instead:
>>> q = conn.query_field('text', 'create a paragraph', default_op=conn.OP_OR)
>>> str(q)
'Xapian::Query(((ZXBcreat:(pos=1) OR ZXBa:(pos=2) OR ZXBparagraph:(pos=3)) AND_MAYBE (XBcreate:(pos=1) OR XBa:(pos=2) OR XBparagraph:(pos=3))))'
Once we have a query, we can use it to get a set of search results. Xapian is
optimised for situations where only a small subset of the total result set is
required, so when we perform a search we specify the starting rank (ie, the
position in the total set of results, starting at 0) of the results we want to
retrieve, and also the ending rank. Following usual Python conventions, the
ending rank isn't inclusive, but the starting rank is.
In this case we want the first 10 results, so we can search with:
>>> results = conn.search(q, 0, 10)
The result set has a variety of pieces of information, but a useful one is the
estimate of the total number of matching documents:
>>> results.matches_estimated
2
Only an estimated value is available because of Xapian's optimisations: the
search process can often stop early because it has proved that there can be no
better ranked documents, and especially for large searches, it would be a waste
of time to then attempt to calculate the precise number of matching documents.
We can check if the estimate is known to be correct by looking at the
estimate_is_exact
>>> results.estimate_is_exact
True
The SearchResults
Once you have a SearchResults get_hit() SearchResult ProcessedDocument rank :
>>> for result in results:
... print result.rank, result.id, result.data['category']
0 0 ['Test documents']
1 Bible1 ['Bible']
In addition, SearchResults
>>> results.get_hit(0).highlight('text')[0]
"This is <b>a</b> <b>paragraph</b> of text. It's quite short."
>>> results.get_hit(0).summarise('text', maxlen=20)
'This is <b>a</b> <b>paragraph</b>..'
(Note that the highlight() method returns a list of field instances, as stored
in the document data, so we've asked for it to only return the first of these,
but the summarise() method joins these all together before generating the
summary.)
Queries can be built and combined with other methods. The most flexible of
these is the query_parse() Xapian QueryParser documentation .
(Note that the wildcard option is currently disabled by default.)
If a field has been indexed with the "spell" option turned on, the
spell_correct() query_parse()
>>> conn.spell_correct('teext')
'text'
In addition, two queries may be combined (with an AND or OR operator) using the
query_composite() query_filter()
To perform a range restriction, a range query can be built using the
query_range()
>>> rq = conn.query_range('date', '20000101', '20010101')
This query can be performed on its own, but note that for a large database it
could take a long time to run, because if run on its own it will iterate
through all the values in the database to return those which fit in the range.
Instead, it will usually be used in conjunction with the query_filter()
>>> filtered_query = conn.query_filter(q, rq)
>>> print filtered_query
Xapian::Query((((ZXBcreat:(pos=1) OR ZXBa:(pos=2) OR ZXBparagraph:(pos=3)) AND_MAYBE (XBcreate:(pos=1) OR XBa:(pos=2) OR XBparagraph:(pos=3))) FILTER VALUE_RANGE 1 20000101 20010101))
Note
The implementation of sorting and range filtering for floating point values uses terms which typically contain non-printable characters. Don't panic if you call print query_range()
To get a list of the tags which are contained in the result set, we have to
specify the gettags parameter to the search() method:
>>> results = conn.search(q, 0, 10, gettags='tag')
>>> results.get_top_tags('tag', 10)
[('tag1', 1), ('test document', 1)]
Note
When the result set is being generated, various optimisations are performed to avoid wasting time looking at documents which can't possibly get into the portion of the result set which has been requested. These are normally desirable optimisations because they can speed up searches considerably, but if information about the tags in the result set as a whole is desired, the optimisations can cause inaccurate values to be returned. Therefore, it is possible to force the search engine to look at at least a minimum number of results, by setting the "checkatleast" parameter of the search() method. As a special case, a value of -1 forces all matches to be examined, regardless of database size: this should be used with care, because it can result in slow searches.
To search for only those documents containing a given tag, we can use the
query_field() method:
>>> results = conn.search(conn.query_field('tag', 'tag1'), 0, 10)
>>> results.matches_estimated, results.estimate_is_exact
(1, True)
>>> results.get_hit(0).highlight('text')[0]
"This is a paragraph of text. It's quite short."
To get a list of facets which are relevant to the result set, we have to
specify the getfacets parameter to the search() method. We can also specify
the allowfacets or denyfacets parameters to control the set of facets which are
considered for display (this may be useful to reduce work if we've already
restricted to a particular facet value, for example). Note that as with the
gettags option, it may be advisable to specify a reasonably high value for the
"checkatleast" parameter:
>>> results = conn.search(q, 0, 10, checkatleast=1000, getfacets=True)
>>> results.get_suggested_facets()
[('category', [('bible', 1), ('test documents', 1)]), ('price', [((12.199999999999999, 12.199999999999999), 1), ((20.559999999999999, 20.559999999999999), 1)])]
Note that the values for the suggested facets contain the string for facets of
type "string", but contain a pair of numbers for facets of type "float" - these
numbers define an automatically suggested range of values to use for the facet.
To restrict a further search to a particular value of the facet, or range of
facets, a query can be produced using the query_facet() method. This will
often be combined with an existing query using query_filter(), but you are free
to use it differently if you wish. Note that the values in the output of
get_suggested_facets() are in a form suitable for passing to the value
parameter of query_facet(). For example, results can be restricted using a
"string" facet like this:
>>> facet_q = conn.query_facet('category', 'bible')
>>> results = conn.search(conn.query_filter(q, facet_q), 0, 10)
>>> for result in results:
... print result.rank, result.id, result.data['category']
0 Bible1 ['Bible']
Or can be restricted using a "float" facet like this:
>>> facet_q = conn.query_facet('price', (20.559999999999999, 20.559999999999999))
>>> results = conn.search(conn.query_filter(q, facet_q), 0, 10)
>>> for result in results:
... print result.rank, result.id, result.data['category']
0 0 ['Test documents']
Sometimes, instead of searching for documents matching a specific set of
criteria, you want to find documents similar to a document (or documents) that
you already have. You might also want to combine such a similarity search with
a search for some specific criteria; restricting the results by the criteria,
but sorting in similarity order.
This can be achieved using the query_similar()
The similarity search is only based on the terms generated for free text
searching (ie, with the INDEX_FREETEXT INDEX_FREETEXT allow deny
In addition, the number of terms to use for the similarity calculation may be
controlled with the simterms
To perform a simple similarity search, based on a few document IDs:
>>> simq = conn.query_similar(('Bible1',))
>>> results = conn.search(simq, 0, 10)
>>> [result.id for result in results]
['Bible1', 'Bible2', '0']
Note that the document ID supplied came first in the set of results. While
this is not guaranteed (in particular, it may not occur if there are other
documents in the search corpus which are very similar to the supplied
documents), this will usually be the case - if you wish to ignore the documents
specified, you should ask for the appropriate number of extra results, and
filter them out at display time (don't just ignore the top N results, assuming
that they are those supplied).
To perform a normal search, but reorder the ranking based on similarity, use
the query_filter()
>>> plainq = conn.query_field('text', 'God OR moved OR text')
>>> simq = conn.query_similar(('Bible1',))
>>> combined = conn.query_filter(simq, plainq)
>>> results = conn.search(plainq, 0, 10)
>>> [result.id for result in results]
['Bible2', '0', 'Bible1']
>>> results = conn.search(combined, 0, 10)
>>> [result.id for result in results]
['Bible1', 'Bible2', '0']
Unfortunately, Xapian's current database implementation doesn't allow search
connections to be arbitrarily old: once two updates have been made to the
database since the connection was opened, the connection may fail with a
"DatabaseModifiedError" when it tries to access the database. Once this has
happened, the search connection needs to be reopened to proceed further, and
will then access a new, updated, view of the database.
To make this easier to manage, if the "DatabaseModifiedError" occurs during the
search process, the error will be handled automatically, and the search will be
re-performed. However, it is still possible for the error to occur when
retrieving the document data from a search result, so handling for this should
be included in code which reads the data from search results.
To avoid this happening, avoid calling the flush() method on the indexer
connection too frequently, and call the reopen() method on the search
connection before performing each new search. You should generally try not to
call flush() more than once every 60 seconds anyway, because performance with
many small flushes will be sub-optimal.
We hope to remove this restriction in a future release of Xapian.
By default, the results are returned in order sorted by their "relevance" to
the query, with the most relevant documents returned first. This order may be
changed by specifying the sortby parameter of the search() method. The field
specified in this parameter must have been given the SORTABLE
>>> results = conn.search(q, 0, 10, sortby='category')
>>> for result in results:
... print result.rank, result.id, result.data['category']
0 Bible1 ['Bible']
1 0 ['Test documents']
The sort is in ascending order by default (ie, documents with a field value
which is first in order will be returned first). The opposite order can be
requested by preceding the field name with a "-" sign:
>>> results = conn.search(q, 0, 10, sortby='-category')
>>> for result in results:
... print result.rank, result.id, result.data['category']
0 0 ['Test documents']
1 Bible1 ['Bible']
Note
There is some potential for confusion here, because Xapian defines
ascending order in the opposite direction: its logic is that ascending order
means that the value should be highest in documents which come top of the
result list. This seems counter-intuitive to many people, and hopefully the
sort order definition here will seem more natural.
If the sort terms are equal, the documents with equal sort terms will be
returned in relevance order.
Xapian offers the useful feature of collapsing the result set such that only
the top result with a given "collapse" value is returned. This feature can be
used by adding a COLLAPSE search()
>>> q = conn.query_field('title', 'document')
>>> [result.id for result in conn.search(q, 0, 10)]
['Bible1', '0', 'Bible2']
>>> [result.id for result in conn.search(q, 0, 10, collapse='category')]
['Bible1', '0']
Most errors raised by xappy will be a subclass of xappy.SearchEngineError (the
only deliberate exceptions are standard python errors, caused by invalid
parameters being supplied to xappy). Any errors related to searching will be
instances of xappy.SearchError, and errors related to indexing will be
instances of xappy.IndexerError.
Errors may also be raised by the underlying Xapian library. For example, if
you attempt to make two simultaneous IndexerConnections to a single database,
Xapian will raise a xapian.DatabaseLockError. However, to avoid users of xappy
needing to import xapian, the xapian errors are exposed by xappy. For example,
xapian.DatabaseLockError can be caught by catching
xappy.XapianDatabaseLockError (note the "Xapian" prefix of
"XapianDatabaseLockError"). In addition, the inheritance heirarchy of the
xapian errors is modified so that xappy.XapianError can be used as a catch-all
for all Xapian errors, and xappy.SearchEngineError will catch all Xapian errors as well as any errors directly from xappy.
xappy-0.5/docs/introduction.rst 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000076455 11001744507 016554 0 ustar richard richard Introduction
============
.. contents:: Table of contents
The "xappy" module is an easy-to-use interface to the Xapian search engine.
Xapian provides a low level interface, dealing with terms and documents, but
not really worrying about where terms come from, or how to build searches to
match the way in which data has been indexed. In contrast, Xappy allows you
to design a field structure, specifying what kind of information is held in
particular fields, and then uses this field structure to index data
appropriately, and to build and perform searches.
Installing and testing
======================
Dependencies
------------
You will need an up-to-date version of Xapian (both the core library and the
corresponding Python bindings) to use Xappy. Unfortunately, the latest
release (1.0.3) doesn't support all the features needed by Xappy, so you will
either need a recent snapshot release, or to build from Xapian SVN HEAD. We
recommend using a snapshot unless you are actively developing Xapian itself.
We hope that release 1.0.4 will be suitable for use with Xappy.
Installation
------------
There is not yet a distutils setup script for xappy, but other than Xapian it
has no dependencies or resources which need installing, so it may be installed
simply by copying the "xappy" directory to somewhere on your Python path.
Once Xapian and Xappy are installed, you should be able to start the python
interpreter and run::
>>> import xappy
Running the testsuite
---------------------
To run the testsuite, simply run "./testsuite/runtests.py". This will
display any errors produced when running the testsuite, and then display a
coverage report for the modules tested.
The testsuite is composed of tests taken from three sources:
- doctest tests in the code comments in the
- additional doctest tests in text files with names of the form
'FOO_doctestN.txt', which test the module named "FOO" (and are run in a
context in which the modules public symbols have all been imported).
- additional documentation files (such as this one) which contain doctest
formatted examples.
The list of core modules to test, and additional documentation files to check,
is maintained in the "testsuite/runtests.py" file.
The coverage report displayed after running the testsuite is statement based,
which is sadly one of the least precise methods of generating a coverage
report, and counts lines as having been executed even if they haven't been
tested in all possible code paths. On the plus side, its judgement is reliable
if it considers that a line of code hasn't been tested. For this reason, it is
reasonable to aim for 100% coverage by this metric, and the coverage report can
be helpful to keep track of sections of code which aren't tested at all.
For any released version of Xappy, the coverage report should indicate 100%
coverage for all modules. However, if you are using an SVN snapshot of Xappy,
you may find that some code is not covered. In addition, the coverage testing
currently contains a bug when run under Python 2.5 which causes some lines of
code to be incorectly marked as "not covered" when they actually are. When run
under Python 2.4, this bug doesn't manifest.
Building a database
===================
Setting up a field structure
----------------------------
Before we process any documents, we need to create a database to hold the
documents. This is done simply by creating an "IndexerConnection" object, and
passing it the path we want to create the database at. If the database doesn't
already exist, this will create a new, empty, database::
>>> conn = xappy.IndexerConnection('db1')
.. note:: All connections may only be accessed from a single thread at a time,
and there may only be one IndexerConnection in existence at any given time.
Additionally, it generally gives a large performance gain to ensure that the
connection is kept open between modifications of the database, so that
modifications can be grouped together. Therefore, you must protect access to
the connection with a mutex if multiple threads might access it.
Once we've created an IndexerConnection, we can use it to specify the actions
which should be performed on fields with a given name. There are several
actions available, for different types of field content, and for different
types of searches. You need to decide what actions you need before adding
documents, because the database does not store enough information about
documents to get back to the unprocessed document. The connection will allow
you to change the field actions after documents have been added, but this
change will not be reflected in any documents which have already been added to
the database.
Fields which contain plain text should be added with the ``INDEX_FREETEXT``
action. This action takes various optional parameters:
- ``weight``: if this is supplied, the frequency information for all terms in
the specified field will be multiplied by the given factor; this can be used
for fields which are often a better indication of the subject matter than
other fields (eg, title fields).
- ``language``: if this is supplied, it indicates the language that the
supplied text is written in: this is used to perform language specific term
normalising (to allow, for example, plural and singular forms to be
matched). The language may be specified as a 2 character ISO-639 language
code.
- ``stop``: if this is supplied, it must contain an sequence or other iterable
which returns a list of stopwords, which will be filtered out of the index.
This may reduce index size and improve search and indexing speed, but will
reduce the flexibility of the search. Note that some information on the
terms in the stoplist will still be stored, to allow phrase searches to be
performed.
- ``spell``: this is a boolean flag; if supplied, and true, the contents of
the field will be used for spelling correction.
- ``nopos``: this is a boolean flag; if supplied, and true, the positions of
words in the field will not be stored. These are used for performing phrase
and proximity searches, so this kind of search will not be possible on the
field. On the other hand, the amount of data indexed for the field will be
reduced, resulting in a lower database size, faster indexing, and
potentially faster searching.
- ``allow_field_specific``: this is a boolean flag - if False, prevents terms
with the field prefix being generated. This means that searches specific to
this field will not work, and thus should only be used when only non-field
specific searches are desired. Defaults to True.
- ``search_by_default``: this is a boolean flag - if False, the field will not
be searched by non-field specific searches. If True, or omitted, the field
will be included in searches for non field-specific searches.
All text passed to the interface is assumed to be UTF-8 encoded Unicode.
::
>>> conn.add_field_action('title', xappy.FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, weight=5, language='en')
>>> conn.add_field_action('text', xappy.FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, language='en', spell=True)
Any fields which contain exact values which we want to search for (such as a
category name, or an ID number should be given the ``INDEX_EXACT`` actions.
This doesn't perform any processing on the field value, so any symbols or
punctuation will be preserved in the database::
>>> conn.add_field_action('category', xappy.FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT)
If we want to be able to sort on a field, we need to give it the ``SORTABLE``
action. By default, sorting is performed based on a lexicographical comparison
of string values, but it is possible to set the sort order to be by date, or by
floating point number. Fields which are given then ``SORTABLE`` action can
also be used to restrict the results to a given range - think of it as
declaring that there is a useful ordering for the field values.
Date values can be supplied as strings in the form YYYYMMDD or YYYY-MM-DD (or
using / or . as separators). Floating point numbers can be in any
representation which is understood by Python's float() function::
>>> conn.add_field_action('category', xappy.FieldActions.SORTABLE)
>>> conn.add_field_action('date', xappy.FieldActions.SORTABLE, type="date")
>>> conn.add_field_action('price', xappy.FieldActions.SORTABLE, type="float")
If we want to be able to be able to remove duplicates based on a field, we need
to give it the ``COLLAPSE`` action. This allows the result set to be
"collapsed" such that only the highest result with each value of a field will
be returned. For example, we might want to just display the highest ranked
document in each category (with a link to a list of the results in that
category)::
>>> conn.add_field_action('category', xappy.FieldActions.COLLAPSE)
If we want to be able to retrieve data from the document when it is
the result of a search, we need to set the ``STORE_CONTENT`` action::
>>> conn.add_field_action('text', xappy.FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> conn.add_field_action('title', xappy.FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> conn.add_field_action('category', xappy.FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
If we want to use the contents of a field as "tags", which can be counted at
search time (possibly, in order to build a tag-cloud, or other such
visualisation), we need to set the ``TAG`` action::
>>> conn.add_field_action('tag', xappy.FieldActions.TAG)
Xappy also supports "faceted browsing": this means attaching "facets" to
documents, where a facet is a value representing one aspect of information
about a document: for example, the price of an object would be a facet of a
document representing that object. Xappy supports storing many facets about a
document, restricting the search results to only those documents which contain
a particular facet, and automatically selecting a set of facets which are
relevant to the set of results returned by a search (so that the facets can be
presented to the user to be used to refine their search).
If we want to use a field as a facet, we simply add the ``FACET`` action to it.
Facets can be of two types - "string" (which are just exact string matches), or
"float" (which will automatically be grouped into ranges when returning a
suggested list of facets). The default is "string"::
>>> conn.add_field_action('price', xappy.FieldActions.FACET, type='float')
>>> conn.add_field_action('category', xappy.FieldActions.FACET, type='string')
Indexing
--------
To add data to the database, we first create ``UnprocessedDocument`` objects.
These contain a list of fields, which are processed in turn to create a
``ProcessedDocument``, which can be added to the database. The
``ProcessedDocument`` can't be converted back into an ``UnprocessedDocument``
because some information is generally lost in this processing process (but it
is possible to make alterations directly to the ``ProcessedDocument`` later.
We can access the list of fields in an ``UnprocessedDocument`` directly, using
the ``fields`` member::
>>> doc = xappy.UnprocessedDocument()
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("title", "Our first document"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("text", "This is a paragraph of text. It's quite short."))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("text", "We can create another paragraph of text. "
... "We can have as many of these as we like."))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("category", "Test documents"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("tag", "Tag1"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("tag", "Test document"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("tag", "Test document"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("price", "20.56"))
We can add the document directly to the database: if we do this, the connection
will process the document to generate a ``ProcessedDocument`` behind the
scenes, and then add this::
>>> conn.add(doc)
'0'
Note that the ``add`` method returned a value ``'0'``. This is a unique
identifier for the document which was added, and may be used later to delete or
replace the document. If we have externally generated unique identifiers, we
can specify that the system should use them instead of generating its own, by
setting the ``id`` property on the processed or unprocessed document
before adding it to the database.
We can also ask the database to process a document explicitly before calling
the "add" method. We might do this if we want to change the processed document
in some way, but this isn't generally necessary::
>>> doc = xappy.UnprocessedDocument()
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("title", "Our second document"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("text", "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth."))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("category", "Bible"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("price", "12.20"))
>>> doc.id='Bible1'
>>> pdoc = conn.process(doc)
>>> conn.add(pdoc)
'Bible1'
>>> doc = xappy.UnprocessedDocument()
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("title", "Our third document"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("text", "And the earth was without form, and void; "
... "and darkness was upon the face of the deep. "
... "And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters."))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("category", "Bible"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("date", "17501225"))
>>> doc.fields.append(xappy.Field("price", "16.56"))
>>> doc.id='Bible2'
>>> pdoc = conn.process(doc)
>>> conn.add(pdoc)
'Bible2'
Once we have finished indexing, we should flush the changes to disk. Any
changes which are unflushed may not be preserved if the processes exits without
closing the database nicely::
>>> conn.flush()
Finally, we should close the connection to release its resources (if we leave
this to the garbage collector, this might not happen for a long time). After
closing, no other methods may be called on the connection, but a new connection
can be made.::
>>> conn.close()
Searching
=========
A search connection is opened similarly to an indexing connection. However,
note that multiple search connections may be opened at once (though each
connection must not be accessed from more than one thread). Search connections
can even be open while indexing connections are::
>>> conn = xappy.SearchConnection('db1')
A search connection attempts to provide a stable view of the database, so when
an update is made by a concurrent indexing process, the search connection will
not reflect this change. This allows the results of the search to be gathered
without needing to worry about concurrent updates (but see the section below
about this for limitations on this facility).
The search connection can be reopened at any time to make it point to the
latest version of the database::
>>> conn.reopen()
To perform a search, we need to specify what we're searching for. This is
called a "Query", and the search connection provides several methods for
building up a query. The simplest of these is the ``query_field`` method,
which builds a query to search a single field::
>>> q = conn.query_field('text', 'create a paragraph')
>>> str(q)
'Xapian::Query(((ZXBcreat:(pos=1) AND ZXBa:(pos=2) AND ZXBparagraph:(pos=3)) AND_MAYBE (XBcreate:(pos=1) AND XBa:(pos=2) AND XBparagraph:(pos=3))))'
As you can see, the str() function will display the underlying Xapian query
which is generated by the search connection. This may look a little weird at
first, but you can get a general idea of the shape of the query.
The default operator for searches is "AND", but if we wish to be a little wider
in our search, we can use the "OR" operator instead::
>>> q = conn.query_field('text', 'create a paragraph', default_op=conn.OP_OR)
>>> str(q)
'Xapian::Query(((ZXBcreat:(pos=1) OR ZXBa:(pos=2) OR ZXBparagraph:(pos=3)) AND_MAYBE (XBcreate:(pos=1) OR XBa:(pos=2) OR XBparagraph:(pos=3))))'
Once we have a query, we can use it to get a set of search results. Xapian is
optimised for situations where only a small subset of the total result set is
required, so when we perform a search we specify the starting `rank` (ie, the
position in the total set of results, starting at 0) of the results we want to
retrieve, and also the ending rank. Following usual Python conventions, the
ending rank isn't inclusive, but the starting rank is.
In this case we want the first 10 results, so we can search with::
>>> results = conn.search(q, 0, 10)
The result set has a variety of pieces of information, but a useful one is the
estimate of the total number of matching documents::
>>> results.matches_estimated
2
Only an estimated value is available because of Xapian's optimisations: the
search process can often stop early because it has proved that there can be no
better ranked documents, and especially for large searches, it would be a waste
of time to then attempt to calculate the precise number of matching documents.
We can check if the estimate is known to be correct by looking at the
``estimate_is_exact`` property::
>>> results.estimate_is_exact
True
The ``SearchResults`` object also provides upper and lower bounds on the number
of matching documents, and a check for whether there are more results following
those in this result set (very useful when writing a "pager" type interface,
which needs to know whether to include a "Next" button).
Once you have a ``SearchResults`` object, you want to be able to get at the
actual resulting documents. This can be done by using the ``get_hit()``
method, or by iterating through all the results with the usual Python iterator
idiom. Both of these will return ``SearchResult`` objects, which is a subclass
of ``ProcessedDocument``, but has the additional property of `rank`::
>>> for result in results:
... print result.rank, result.id, result.data['category']
0 0 ['Test documents']
1 Bible1 ['Bible']
In addition, ``SearchResults`` objects have methods allowing a highlighted or
summarised version of a field to be displayed::
>>> results.get_hit(0).highlight('text')[0]
"This is a paragraph of text. It's quite short."
>>> results.get_hit(0).summarise('text', maxlen=20)
'This is a paragraph ..'
(Note that the highlight() method returns a list of field instances, as stored
in the document data, so we've asked for it to only return the first of these,
but the summarise() method joins these all together before generating the
summary.)
Queries can be built and combined with other methods. The most flexible of
these is the ``query_parse()`` method, which allows a user entered query to be
parsed appropriately. The parser understands "Google style" searches, in which
a search term can be restricted to a specified field by writing
"fieldname:term", and in which boolean operators can be used in the search.
The full syntax is described in the `Xapian QueryParser documentation`_.
(Note that the wildcard option is currently disabled by default.)
If a field has been indexed with the "spell" option turned on, the
``spell_correct()`` method can return a version of the query string with the
spelling corrected. This method takes similar arguments to ``query_parse()``,
but instead of performing a search, it returns the corrected query string (or
the original query string, if no spelling corrections were found).
>>> conn.spell_correct('teext')
'text'
In addition, two queries may be combined (with an AND or OR operator) using the
``query_composite()`` method, or a query can be "filtered" with another query
such that only documents which match both queries will be returned (but the
rankings are determined by the first query) using the ``query_filter()``
method.
To perform a range restriction, a range query can be built using the
``query_range()`` method. This will return a query which matches all documents
in the database which satisfy the range restriction::
>>> rq = conn.query_range('date', '20000101', '20010101')
This query can be performed on its own, but note that for a large database it
could take a long time to run, because if run on its own it will iterate
through all the values in the database to return those which fit in the range.
Instead, it will usually be used in conjunction with the ``query_filter()``
method, to filter the results of an existing query::
>>> filtered_query = conn.query_filter(q, rq)
>>> print filtered_query
Xapian::Query((((ZXBcreat:(pos=1) OR ZXBa:(pos=2) OR ZXBparagraph:(pos=3)) AND_MAYBE (XBcreate:(pos=1) OR XBa:(pos=2) OR XBparagraph:(pos=3))) FILTER VALUE_RANGE 1 20000101 20010101))
.. Note:: The implementation of sorting and range filtering for floating point values uses terms which typically contain non-printable characters. Don't panic if you call ``print`` on a query generated with ``query_range()`` and odd control-characters are displayed; it's probably normal.)
To get a list of the tags which are contained in the result set, we have to
specify the gettags parameter to the search() method::
>>> results = conn.search(q, 0, 10, gettags='tag')
>>> results.get_top_tags('tag', 10)
[('tag1', 1), ('test document', 1)]
.. Note:: When the result set is being generated, various optimisations are performed to avoid wasting time looking at documents which can't possibly get into the portion of the result set which has been requested. These are normally desirable optimisations because they can speed up searches considerably, but if information about the tags in the result set as a whole is desired, the optimisations can cause inaccurate values to be returned. Therefore, it is possible to force the search engine to look at at least a minimum number of results, by setting the "checkatleast" parameter of the search() method. As a special case, a value of -1 forces all matches to be examined, regardless of database size: this should be used with care, because it can result in slow searches.
To search for only those documents containing a given tag, we can use the
query_field() method::
>>> results = conn.search(conn.query_field('tag', 'tag1'), 0, 10)
>>> results.matches_estimated, results.estimate_is_exact
(1, True)
>>> results.get_hit(0).highlight('text')[0]
"This is a paragraph of text. It's quite short."
To get a list of facets which are relevant to the result set, we have to
specify the getfacets parameter to the search() method. We can also specify
the allowfacets or denyfacets parameters to control the set of facets which are
considered for display (this may be useful to reduce work if we've already
restricted to a particular facet value, for example). Note that as with the
gettags option, it may be advisable to specify a reasonably high value for the
"checkatleast" parameter::
>>> results = conn.search(q, 0, 10, checkatleast=1000, getfacets=True)
>>> results.get_suggested_facets()
[('category', [('bible', 1), ('test documents', 1)]), ('price', [((12.199999999999999, 12.199999999999999), 1), ((20.559999999999999, 20.559999999999999), 1)])]
Note that the values for the suggested facets contain the string for facets of
type "string", but contain a pair of numbers for facets of type "float" - these
numbers define an automatically suggested range of values to use for the facet.
To restrict a further search to a particular value of the facet, or range of
facets, a query can be produced using the query_facet() method. This will
often be combined with an existing query using query_filter(), but you are free
to use it differently if you wish. Note that the values in the output of
get_suggested_facets() are in a form suitable for passing to the value
parameter of query_facet(). For example, results can be restricted using a
"string" facet like this::
>>> facet_q = conn.query_facet('category', 'bible')
>>> results = conn.search(conn.query_filter(q, facet_q), 0, 10)
>>> for result in results:
... print result.rank, result.id, result.data['category']
0 Bible1 ['Bible']
Or can be restricted using a "float" facet like this::
>>> facet_q = conn.query_facet('price', (20.559999999999999, 20.559999999999999))
>>> results = conn.search(conn.query_filter(q, facet_q), 0, 10)
>>> for result in results:
... print result.rank, result.id, result.data['category']
0 0 ['Test documents']
Finding similar documents
-------------------------
Sometimes, instead of searching for documents matching a specific set of
criteria, you want to find documents similar to a document (or documents) that
you already have. You might also want to combine such a similarity search with
a search for some specific criteria; restricting the results by the criteria,
but sorting in similarity order.
This can be achieved using the ``query_similar()`` method, which produces a
query, based on a list of document ids, which will return documents similar to
those identified by the supplied document IDs.
The similarity search is only based on the terms generated for free text
searching (ie, with the ``INDEX_FREETEXT`` action), so there must be at least
one such field for the similarity search to work. By default, all fields
indexed with ``INDEX_FREETEXT`` will be used for the similarity search, but the
list of fields to use may be controlled with the ``allow`` and ``deny``
parameters.
In addition, the number of terms to use for the similarity calculation may be
controlled with the ``simterms`` parameter (which defaults to 10). A higher
value will allow documents which are less similar to appear in the result set
(but the most similar documents will still occur first). A lower value will
usually result in a faster search. 10 is probably a suitable value in most
situations, but experimentation may be worthwhile for a particular dataset to
determine whether changing the value can improve the results (or produce a
useful speedup without compromising the results).
To perform a simple similarity search, based on a few document IDs::
>>> simq = conn.query_similar(('Bible1',))
>>> results = conn.search(simq, 0, 10)
>>> [result.id for result in results]
['Bible1', 'Bible2', '0']
Note that the document ID supplied came first in the set of results. While
this is not guaranteed (in particular, it may not occur if there are other
documents in the search corpus which are very similar to the supplied
documents), this will usually be the case - if you wish to ignore the documents
specified, you should ask for the appropriate number of extra results, and
filter them out at display time (don't just ignore the top N results, assuming
that they are those supplied).
To perform a normal search, but reorder the ranking based on similarity, use
the ``query_filter()`` method to filter the results of a similarity search to
be only those documents which match the normal search::
>>> plainq = conn.query_field('text', 'God OR moved OR text')
>>> simq = conn.query_similar(('Bible1',))
>>> combined = conn.query_filter(simq, plainq)
>>> results = conn.search(plainq, 0, 10)
>>> [result.id for result in results]
['Bible2', '0', 'Bible1']
>>> results = conn.search(combined, 0, 10)
>>> [result.id for result in results]
['Bible1', 'Bible2', '0']
Concurrent update limitations
-----------------------------
Unfortunately, Xapian's current database implementation doesn't allow search
connections to be arbitrarily old: once *two* updates have been made to the
database since the connection was opened, the connection may fail with a
"DatabaseModifiedError" when it tries to access the database. Once this has
happened, the search connection needs to be reopened to proceed further, and
will then access a new, updated, view of the database.
To make this easier to manage, if the "DatabaseModifiedError" occurs during the
search process, the error will be handled automatically, and the search will be
re-performed. However, it is still possible for the error to occur when
retrieving the document data from a search result, so handling for this should
be included in code which reads the data from search results.
To avoid this happening, avoid calling the flush() method on the indexer
connection too frequently, and call the reopen() method on the search
connection before performing each new search. You should generally try not to
call flush() more than once every 60 seconds anyway, because performance with
many small flushes will be sub-optimal.
We hope to remove this restriction in a future release of Xapian.
Sorting
-------
By default, the results are returned in order sorted by their "relevance" to
the query, with the most relevant documents returned first. This order may be
changed by specifying the sortby parameter of the search() method. The field
specified in this parameter must have been given the ``SORTABLE`` action before
indexing::
>>> results = conn.search(q, 0, 10, sortby='category')
>>> for result in results:
... print result.rank, result.id, result.data['category']
0 Bible1 ['Bible']
1 0 ['Test documents']
The sort is in ascending order by default (ie, documents with a field value
which is first in order will be returned first). The opposite order can be
requested by preceding the field name with a "-" sign::
>>> results = conn.search(q, 0, 10, sortby='-category')
>>> for result in results:
... print result.rank, result.id, result.data['category']
0 0 ['Test documents']
1 Bible1 ['Bible']
.. note:: There is some potential for confusion here, because Xapian defines
ascending order in the opposite direction: its logic is that ascending order
means that the value should be highest in documents which come top of the
result list. This seems counter-intuitive to many people, and hopefully the
sort order definition here will seem more natural.
If the sort terms are equal, the documents with equal sort terms will be
returned in relevance order.
Collapsing
----------
Xapian offers the useful feature of collapsing the result set such that only
the top result with a given "collapse" value is returned. This feature can be
used by adding a ``COLLAPSE`` action to the field before indexing, and then
setting the collapse parameter of the ``search()`` method to the field name::
>>> q = conn.query_field('title', 'document')
>>> [result.id for result in conn.search(q, 0, 10)]
['Bible1', '0', 'Bible2']
>>> [result.id for result in conn.search(q, 0, 10, collapse='category')]
['Bible1', '0']
Errors
======
Most errors raised by xappy will be a subclass of xappy.SearchEngineError (the
only deliberate exceptions are standard python errors, caused by invalid
parameters being supplied to xappy). Any errors related to searching will be
instances of xappy.SearchError, and errors related to indexing will be
instances of xappy.IndexerError.
Errors may also be raised by the underlying Xapian library. For example, if
you attempt to make two simultaneous IndexerConnections to a single database,
Xapian will raise a xapian.DatabaseLockError. However, to avoid users of xappy
needing to import xapian, the xapian errors are exposed by xappy. For example,
xapian.DatabaseLockError can be caught by catching
xappy.XapianDatabaseLockError (note the "Xapian" prefix of
"XapianDatabaseLockError"). In addition, the inheritance heirarchy of the
xapian errors is modified so that xappy.XapianError can be used as a catch-all
for all Xapian errors, and xappy.SearchEngineError will catch all Xapian errors as well as any errors directly from xappy.
Other documentation
===================
Detailed API documentation is available as docstrings in the Python code, but
you may find it more convenient to browse it in `formatted form (as generated by
epydoc)`_.
.. _formatted form (as generated by epydoc): api/index.html
.. _Xapian QueryParser documentation: http://xapian.org/docs/queryparser.html
xappy-0.5/docs/running_perftest.txt 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000002016 10702552751 017421 0 ustar richard richard Firstly, check out xappy:
svn co http://xappy.googlecode.com/svn/trunk xappy
cd xappy/
Check it's working properly, if you like:
python testsuite/runtests.py
Now, go into the performance test directory:
cd perftest/
mkdir sampledata
The following instructions assume you're on atreus.tartarus.org. On other
machines, you'll need to get the wikipedia data, and process it into a
"scriptindex" dump format. This can be done using the
"parse_wikipedia/wiki2dump.py" script inside the perftest directory (you can
just ignore the "redirects output file").
Link to the wikipedia sample data:
ln -s /home/richard/pub/data/wikipedia_processed/out_splitaa sampledata/wikipedia.dump
(or use split_ab for a small piece of data)
Generate some sample queries (the source data is in ../testdata - could do with
better source data):
python gen_queries.py
mv ../testdata/queries.txt sampledata/
Finally, run the performance tests:
python perftest.py
The output will be placed in "perftestoutdir/"
xappy-0.5/examples/ 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000000000 11005556727 014157 5 ustar richard richard xappy-0.5/examples/fileindex.py 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000005041 10667537053 016507 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import os
def _setup_path():
"""Set up sys.path to allow us to import Xappy when run uninstalled.
"""
abspath = os.path.abspath(__file__)
dirname = os.path.dirname(abspath)
dirname, ourdir = os.path.split(dirname)
dirname, parentdir = os.path.split(dirname)
if (parentdir, ourdir) == ('xappy', 'examples'):
sys.path.insert(0, '..')
_setup_path()
import xappy
def create_index(dbpath):
"""Create a new index, and set up its field structure.
"""
iconn = xappy.IndexerConnection(dbpath)
iconn.add_field_action('path', xappy.FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
iconn.add_field_action('path', xappy.FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT)
iconn.add_field_action('pathcomponent', xappy.FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT)
iconn.add_field_action('text', xappy.FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
iconn.add_field_action('text', xappy.FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, language='en')
iconn.close()
def open_index(dbpath):
"""Open an existing index.
"""
return xappy.IndexerConnection(dbpath)
def canonical_path(path):
"""Convert a path to a canonical form."""
path = os.path.realpath(path)
path = os.path.normpath(path)
path = os.path.normcase(path)
return path
def index_content(doc, filepath):
"""Index the content of the file."""
fd = open(filepath)
contents = fd.read()
fd.close()
try:
contents = unicode(contents)
except UnicodeDecodeError:
return
doc.fields.append(xappy.Field('text', contents))
def index_file(iconn, filepath):
"""Index a file."""
filepath = canonical_path(filepath)
doc = xappy.UnprocessedDocument()
doc.fields.append(xappy.Field('path', filepath))
components = filepath
while True:
components, dirname = os.path.split(components)
if len(dirname) == 0 or components == '/':
break
doc.fields.append(xappy.Field('pathcomponent', components))
index_content(doc, filepath)
iconn.add(doc)
return 1
def index_path(iconn, docpath):
"""Index a path."""
count = 0
for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(docpath):
for filename in filenames:
filepath = os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
index_file(iconn, filepath)
count += 1
return count
def main(argv):
dbpath = 'foo'
docpath = '/usr/share/doc/python2.5'
create_index(dbpath)
iconn = open_index(dbpath)
count = index_path(iconn, docpath)
print "Indexed %d documents." % count
if __name__ == '__main__':
main(sys.argv)
xappy-0.5/examples/search.py 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000002525 10667537061 016010 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import os
import re
def _setup_path():
"""Set up sys.path to allow us to import Xappy when run uninstalled.
"""
abspath = os.path.abspath(__file__)
dirname = os.path.dirname(abspath)
dirname, ourdir = os.path.split(dirname)
dirname, parentdir = os.path.split(dirname)
if (parentdir, ourdir) == ('xappy', 'examples'):
sys.path.insert(0, '..')
_setup_path()
import xappy
_whitespace_re = re.compile('\s+')
def open_index(dbpath):
return xappy.SearchConnection(dbpath)
def main(argv):
dbpath = 'foo'
search = ' '.join(argv[1:])
sconn = open_index(dbpath)
print "Searching %d documents for \"%s\"" % (
sconn.get_doccount(),
search
)
q = sconn.query_parse(search, default_op=sconn.OP_AND)
results = sconn.search(q, 0, 10)
if results.estimate_is_exact:
print "Found %d results" % results.matches_estimated
else:
print "Found approximately %d results" % results.matches_estimated
for result in results:
print result.data['path'][0]
try:
summary = result.summarise('text', hl=('*', '*'), maxlen=300)
summary = ' '.join(_whitespace_re.split(summary))
print summary
except KeyError:
pass
print
if __name__ == '__main__':
main(sys.argv)
xappy-0.5/libs/ 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000000000 11005556727 013272 5 ustar richard richard xappy-0.5/libs/get_xapian.py 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000014617 11005551573 015771 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
r"""get_xapian.py: Download and unpack the xapian archives.
"""
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
import copy
import glob
import os
import sha
import shutil
import subprocess
import sys
import tarfile
import tempfile
import urllib2
# List of the archives.
#
# The values are, in order:
# - Descriptive name of archive
# - URL to download
# - Filename to store downloaded package as
# - SHA1 sum of package
archives = (
('Xapian core',
'http://xappy.googlecode.com/files/xapian-core-10411.tgz',
'xapian-core.tgz',
'8cb209a20492dcb825aad26bae9da52e42e50e3d',
'',
),
('Xapian bindings',
'http://xappy.googlecode.com/files/xapian-bindings-10411.tgz',
'xapian-bindings.tgz',
'795c45683624e8e1691591c1b36a15215a41b1ad',
'',
),
('Xapian win32 build system',
'http://xappy.googlecode.com/files/win32msvc-10411.tgz',
'win32msvc.tgz',
'f48b542ca5f3896923f8a0e1e677d15de417f5a2',
'xapian-core/win32',
),
)
def get_script_dir():
"""Get the path of the directory containing this script.
"""
global scriptdir
if 'scriptdir' not in globals():
scriptdir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
return scriptdir
def get_package_dir():
"""Get the path to store the downloaded packages in.
This is a standard location relative to this script.
"""
return os.path.abspath(os.path.join(get_script_dir(), '..', 'libs'))
def calc_sha_hash(filepath):
"""Calculate the SHA1 hash of the file at the given path.
"""
hasher = sha.new()
fd = open(filepath, 'rb', 0)
try:
while True:
chunk = fd.read(65536)
if len(chunk) == 0:
break
hasher.update(chunk)
finally:
fd.close()
return hasher.hexdigest()
def download_file(url, destpath):
"""Download a file, and place it in destpath.
"""
destdir = os.path.dirname(destpath)
if not os.path.isdir(destdir):
os.makedirs(destdir)
fd = urllib2.urlopen(url)
tmpfd, tmpname = tempfile.mkstemp(dir=destdir, prefix='xappy')
try:
os.write(tmpfd, fd.read())
os.close(tmpfd)
os.rename(tmpname, destpath)
finally:
if os.path.exists(tmpname):
os.unlink(tmpname)
def unpack_tar_archive(filename, tempdir):
"""Unpack the tar archive at filename.
Puts the contents in a directory with basename tempdir.
"""
tf = tarfile.open(filename)
try:
dirname = None
for member in tf.getmembers():
topdir = member.name.split('/', 1)[0]
if dirname is None:
dirname = topdir
else:
if dirname != topdir:
raise ValueError('Archive has multiple toplevel directories: %s and %s' % (topdir, dirname))
tf.extract(member, path=tempdir)
return os.path.join(tempdir, dirname)
finally:
tf.close()
def get_archive_from_url(name, url, archivename, expected_hash):
"""Download an archive from the specified URL.
Returns the path the archive was downloaded to, or None if
the archive couldn't be downloaded
"""
print("Checking for %s" % name)
# Get the path that the package should be downloaded to
filepath = os.path.join(package_dir, archivename)
# Check if the package is already downloaded (and has correct SHA key).
if os.path.exists(filepath):
calculated_hash = calc_sha_hash(filepath)
if expected_hash != calculated_hash:
print("Package of %s at '%s' has wrong hash - discarding" % (name, archivename))
print("(Got %s, expected %s)" % (calculated_hash, expected_hash))
os.unlink(filepath)
# Download the package if needed.
if not os.path.exists(filepath):
print("Downloading %s from %s" % (name, url))
download_file(url, filepath)
calculated_hash = calc_sha_hash(filepath)
if expected_hash != calculated_hash:
print("Package of %s at '%s' has wrong hash - cannot continue" % (name, archivename))
print("(Got %s, expected %s)" % (calculated_hash, expected_hash))
os.unlink(filepath)
return None
return filepath
def get_archives(archives):
"""Download and unpack the xapian archives.
"""
package_dir = get_package_dir()
for name, url, archivename, expected_hash, target_location in archives:
archivepath = get_archive_from_url(name, url, archivename, expected_hash)
if archivepath is None:
return False
print("Unpacking %s" % name)
archivedir = unpack_tar_archive(archivepath, package_dir)
if target_location != '':
target_path = os.path.join(package_dir, target_location)
if os.path.exists(target_path):
print("Removing old unpacked copy of archive from %s" %
target_location)
shutil.rmtree(target_path)
print("Moving %s to %s" % (name, target_location))
shutil.move(archivedir, target_path)
return True
def make_file_writable(filename):
if os.name == 'nt':
import win32api, win32con
x = win32api.GetFileAttributes(filename)
x &= ~win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
win32api.SetFileAttributes(filename, x)
else:
os.chmod(filename, 700)
def make_tree_writable(root):
for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(root):
for filename in filenames:
filepath = os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
make_file_writable(filepath)
if __name__ == '__main__':
package_dir = get_package_dir()
if not get_archives(archives):
sys.exit(1)
sys.exit(0)
xappy-0.5/perftest/ 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000000000 11005556727 014175 5 ustar richard richard xappy-0.5/perftest/parse_wikipedia/ 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000000000 11005556727 017335 5 ustar richard richard xappy-0.5/perftest/parse_wikipedia/Errors.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000003617 10667526240 021172 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2006 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
import HTMLUtils
class UserError(Exception):
"""
Class used to pass a minor error from code performing an action to code
which displays errors to the user.
The message stored in such an exception should be raw HTML, as passed to
the browser. Any content in this message resulting from user inputs, MUST
be HTML encoded (probably using HTMLUtils.encodeText()) to avoid risk of
cross-site scripting attacks.
For convenience, extra arguments may be provided which will be encoded and
then merged with the message using the % operator. For example:
>>> print UserError('Error message')
Error message
>>> print UserError('Error %s', 'message with quoted')
Error message with <html> quoted
"""
_cname = 'UserError'
def __init__(self, msg, *args):
self.msg = msg % tuple(HTMLUtils.encodeText(arg) for arg in args)
def __str__(self):
return self.msg
def __repr__(self):
return '%s("%s")' % (self._cname, self.msg.replace('\\', '\\\\').replace('"', '\\"'))
if __name__ == '__main__':
import doctest, sys
doctest.testmod (sys.modules[__name__])
xappy-0.5/perftest/parse_wikipedia/HTMLUtils.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000020307 10667526240 021476 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2006 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
import urllib
import re
import htmlentitydefs
def __booltonum(val):
"""Convert any boolean values to '0' or '1'.
Leave other values alone.
"""
if val is True:
return '1'
elif val is False:
return '0'
return val
def encodeParams(paramdict, **kwargs):
"""Encode a dictionary of parameters to a querystring.
`paramdict` is a dictionary of parameters to encode.
`kwargs` is an optional set of keyword arguments to be added to the
parameters to be encoded. Any entries in kwargs which are also present in
paramdict override the entries in paramdict. Any entries in kwargs with a
value of None cause any corresponding entry in paramdict to be omitted from
the encoded output.
"""
if isinstance(paramdict, dict):
paramlist = [(key, __booltonum(val))
for (key, val) in paramdict.iteritems()
if key not in kwargs and val is not None]
else:
paramlist = [(key, __booltonum(val))
for (key, val) in paramdict
if key not in kwargs and val is not None]
paramlist.extend([(key, val)
for (key, val) in kwargs.iteritems()
if val is not None])
paramlist.sort()
return urllib.urlencode (paramlist)
def encodeAttribValue(value):
"""
Encode an attribute value by replacing HTML characters with entity values.
The value may be unicode or a UTF-8 encoded string.
The result is a UTF-8 encoded string.
>>> encodeAttribValue('bar')
'bar'
>>> encodeAttribValue('bar"')
'bar"'
>>> encodeAttribValue('bar"<>&"')
'bar"<>&"'
>>> print repr(encodeAttribValue(u'bar\\xa3'))
'bar£'
>>> utf8=u'bar\\xa3\\u1234'.encode('utf-8')
>>> print repr(utf8)
'bar\\xc2\\xa3\\xe1\\x88\\xb4'
>>> print repr(encodeAttribValue(utf8))
'bar£ሴ'
Ampersands are escaped even if they already form part of a valid
entity:
>>> encodeAttribValue('bar"<>&"')
'bar"<>&"'
All non-alphanumeric characters are also escaped.
"""
result = []
if isinstance(value, str):
value = unicode(value, 'utf-8')
for char in value:
if (char >= '0' and char <= '9') or (char >= 'a' and char <= 'z') or (char >= 'A' and char <= 'Z') or char in './#_':
result.append(char)
elif char == '&':
result.append('&')
elif char == '"':
result.append('"')
elif char == '<':
result.append('<')
elif char == '>':
result.append('>')
elif char == '(':
result.append('(')
elif char == ')':
result.append(')')
elif char == '#':
result.append('#')
else:
result.append('&#%s;' % hex(ord(char))[1:])
return ''.join(result).encode('utf-8')
def encodeText(value):
"""Encode a piece of text by replacing HTML characters with entity values.
>>> encodeText('bar')
'bar'
>>> encodeText('bar"')
'bar"'
>>> encodeText('bar"<>&"(')
'bar"<>&"('
Ampersands are escaped even if they already form part of a valid
entity:
>>> encodeText('bar"<>&"')
'bar"<>&"'
A non-string will be returned unchanged:
>>> encodeText(1)
1
"""
if not isinstance(value, basestring):
return value
result = value.replace('&', '&')
result = result.replace('#', '#')
result = result.replace('"', '"')
result = result.replace('<', '<')
result = result.replace('>', '>')
return result
def percentEncode(value):
"""Percent encode a component of a URI.
This replaces special characters with %XX where XX is the hexadecimal value
of the character.
Currently replaces all non-alphanumeric characters with the following
exceptions:
is replaced by +
., /, #, _, = are not replaced.
>>> percentEncode('q=M&%&%; S')
'q=M%26%25%26%25%3B+S'
>>> percentEncode(u'\u00a3')
'%C2%A3'
"""
result = []
if isinstance(value, unicode):
value = value.encode('utf-8')
assert isinstance(value, str)
for char in value:
if (char >= '0' and char <= '9') or (char >= 'a' and char <= 'z') or (char >= 'A' and char <= 'Z') or char in './#_=':
result.append(char)
elif char == ' ':
result.append('+')
else:
result.append('%%%s' % hex(ord(char)).upper()[2:])
return ''.join(result)
def percentDecode(value):
r"""Percent decode a component or a URI.
This replaces percent encode sequences (ie, %XX, where XX is the
hexadecimal value of the character) with the corresponding character.
In addition, it replaces '+' with a space character (ie, + is equivalent to
%20).
Any other sequences following a % will be ignored.
>>> percentDecode('q=M%26%25%26%25%3B+S')
'q=M&%&%; S'
>>> percentDecode('%C2%A3')
'\xc2\xa3'
"""
value = value
if isinstance(value, unicode):
value = value.encode('utf-8')
value = value.replace('+', ' ')
i = 0
result = []
while i != -1:
j = value.find('%', i)
if j == -1:
result.append(value[i:])
break
if j != i:
result.append(value[i:j])
# Everything before position j has now been added to result.
hexdigits = value[j + 1 : j + 3]
try:
hexval = int(hexdigits, 16)
result.append(chr(hexval))
i = j + 3
except ValueError:
result.append(value[j])
i = j + 1
return ''.join(result)
_markupre = re.compile (']*>')
def stripMarkup (s):
"""
Strip all markup () out of the supplied string.
"""
return _markupre.sub ('', s)
_wikitags = { "''":'i', "'''":'b', '`':'tt', '__':'u', '^':'sup', ',,':'sub',
'~-':'small', '~+':'big' }
_ent_re = re.compile ('&#x[\da-fA-F]+;|&#\d+;|&\w+;')
def ents2uni (s):
"""
Substitute unicode characters for common HTML entities.
This returns a unicode string.
"""
def _subst (mo):
ms = mo.group(0).lower()
if ms.startswith ('&#x'):
return unichr (int (ms[3:-1], 16))
elif ms.startswith ('&#'):
return unichr (int (ms[2:-1]))
elif ms.startswith ('&'):
try:
return unichr (htmlentitydefs.name2codepoint[ms[1:-1]])
except KeyError:
return ms
else:
return ''
return _ent_re.sub (_subst, unicode (s))
_js_slash = { '"':'\\"', '\n':'\\n', '\r':'\\r' }
def js_encode (s):
"""
Encode a unicode string in Javascript literal form.
"""
if isinstance (s, str): return s
ret = []
for c in s:
if c in _js_slash:
ret.append (_js_slash[c])
elif ord(c) < 128:
ret.append (str(c))
else:
ret.append ('\\u%04x' % ord(c))
return ''.join (ret)
__tests__ = {
"Invalid % sequences to decode": """
>>> print percentDecode('%')
%
>>> print percentDecode('%')
%
>>> print percentDecode('foo%')
foo%
>>> print percentDecode('foo%%')
foo%%
>>> print percentDecode('foo%7g')
foo%7g
>>> print percentDecode('foo+%%20%')
foo % %
"""
}
if __name__ == "__main__":
import doctest, sys
doctest.testmod (sys.modules[__name__])
xappy-0.5/perftest/parse_wikipedia/XMLUtils.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000127447 10667526240 021407 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2006 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
import xml.dom.minidom
import xml.dom.pulldom
import xml.parsers.expat
import xml.sax
import copy, re
import Errors, HTMLUtils
class ParsedXmlTextGetter:
"""
Class used to implement the process of extracting the textual contents of
some XML. Implemented as a class rather than a method so that the setup
process can be shared between calls.
"""
__spaces_re = re.compile(r'\s+')
def __init__(self, nospacetags=None, spacetags=None,
ignoretags=None, requiretags=None,
condenseSpaces=False,
caseInsensitiveTags=False):
"""Set up a text getter.
`nospacetags` is a sequence of tags where the tags should be discarded,
but the contents preserved.
`spacetags` is a sequence of tags where the tags should be replaced by
whitespace, but the contents preserved.
`ignoretags` is a sequence of tags which should be ignored completely.
`requiretags` is a sequence of tags which, if supplied, will cause any
content not contained in one of the tags to be ignored completely.
`condenseSpaces` is a flag; if True, all sequences of whitespace in the
output will be replaced by a single space, and whitespace will be
stripped from the start and end of the result.
`caseInsensitiveTags` is a flag; if True, all tag names will be matched
in a case insensitive manner.
Any tags which are found which are not in one of the above lists will
be treated as if it were in spacetags. (Future implementations may
raise an error here, or be configurable, however.)
"""
if nospacetags is None:
nospacetags = set()
else:
nospacetags = set(nospacetags)
if spacetags is None:
spacetags = set()
else:
spacetags = set(spacetags)
if ignoretags is None:
ignoretags = set()
else:
ignoretags = set(ignoretags)
if requiretags is not None:
requiretags = set(requiretags)
if nospacetags.intersection(spacetags):
raise ValueError, "Tags may not be shared between nospacetags and spacetags"
if nospacetags.intersection(ignoretags):
raise ValueError, "Tags may not be shared between nospacetags and ignoretags"
if spacetags.intersection(ignoretags):
raise ValueError, "Tags may not be shared between spacetags and ignoretags"
if requiretags is not None and ignoretags.intersection(requiretags):
raise ValueError, "Tags may not be shared between ignoretags and requiretags"
if caseInsensitiveTags:
if requiretags is not None:
requiretags = set((item.lower() for item in requiretags))
nospacetags = set((item.lower() for item in nospacetags))
spacetags = set((item.lower() for item in spacetags))
ignoretags = set((item.lower() for item in ignoretags))
self._nospacetags = nospacetags
self._spacetags = spacetags
self._ignoretags = ignoretags
self._requiretags = requiretags
self._condenseSpaces = condenseSpaces
self._caseInsensitiveTags = caseInsensitiveTags
def toText(self, parsedXml):
"""
Convert a parsedXML object to text, according to the rules set up in
this getter.
"""
text = u''
ignoring = 0 # Count of number of ignore tags we're within
required = 0 # Count of number of require tags we're within
if self._requiretags is None:
required = 1 # Pretend we're always within a require tag
for item in parsedXml.getItems():
if item.type == ParsedXmlItem.START:
name = item.nodeNames[-1]
if self._caseInsensitiveTags:
name = name.lower()
if self._requiretags is not None and name in self._requiretags:
required += 1
if name in self._ignoretags:
ignoring += 1
elif ignoring == 0 and required != 0:
if name in self._nospacetags:
pass
elif name in self._spacetags:
text += u' '
else:
text += u' '
elif item.type == ParsedXmlItem.END:
name = item.nodeNames[-1]
if self._caseInsensitiveTags:
name = name.lower()
if name in self._ignoretags:
ignoring -= 1
elif ignoring == 0 and required != 0:
if name in self._nospacetags:
pass
elif name in self._spacetags:
text += u' '
else:
text += u' '
if self._requiretags is not None and name in self._requiretags:
required -= 1
elif item.type == ParsedXmlItem.DATA:
if ignoring == 0 and required != 0:
text += item.data
if self._condenseSpaces:
text = self.__spaces_re.sub(' ', text).strip()
return text
class ParsedXmlItem:
"""
Class representing an item of XML. This is either the start of an element,
the end of an element, or a piece of textual data.
"""
START = 0
END = 1
DATA = 2
typenames = {
START: "START",
END: "END",
DATA: "DATA",
}
def __init__(self, type, nodeNames, atts=None, data=None, node=None, unlinker=None):
self.type = type
self.nodeNames = nodeNames
self.atts = atts
self.data = data
self._node = node
self._unlinker = unlinker
def expand(self):
assert self.type == self.START, 'Cannot expand() when item is not a START item'
expanded = ParsedXml()
expanded._node = self._node
expanded._unlinker = self._unlinker
return expanded
def getAttr(self, name, default=None):
"""Return the attribute of the given name.
If not found, returns default.
"""
try:
return self.atts[name].nodeValue
except KeyError:
return default
def __str__(self):
extra=u''
if self.atts is not None:
for i in xrange(len(self.atts)):
att = self.atts.item(i)
extra += u" %s='%s'" % (att.name, att.nodeValue)
if self.data is not None:
extra += u' data=%s' % repr(self.data)
if len(extra) != 0:
extra = u',' + extra
return u'(%s, %s%s)' % (
self.typenames[self.type],
repr(self.nodeNames),
extra
)
def __repr__(self):
extra=''
if self.atts is not None:
extra += ', atts=%s' % repr(self.atts)
if self.data is not None:
extra += ', data=%s' % repr(self.data)
return 'ParsedXmlItem(ParsedXmlItem.%s, %s%s)' % (
self.typenames[self.type],
repr(self.nodeNames),
extra
)
def toxml (self):
"""
Return this tag/data formatted as XML.
"""
if self.type == self.START:
ret = ['<%s' % self.nodeNames[-1]]
for i in xrange(len(self.atts)):
att = self.atts.item (i)
ret.append (u' %s="%s"' % (att.name, HTMLUtils.encodeText (att.nodeValue)))
ret.append ('>')
return ''.join (ret)
elif self.type == self.END:
return '' % self.nodeNames[-1]
else:
return HTMLUtils.encodeText (self.data)
def _convertParseExceptions(callable, xmlString=None):
"""
Convert exceptions raised by XML parsers to UserErrors describing the
error.
"""
try:
return callable()
except xml.parsers.expat.ExpatError, e:
context = ''
if xmlString:
try:
lines = xmlString.split('\n')
pos = max(e.offset - 10, 0)
line = lines[e.lineno - 1]
context = " (near %s )" % HTMLUtils.encodeText(line[pos:pos + 20])
context = context.replace('%', '%%')
except:
pass
raise Errors.UserError("at line %%s, column %%s%s: %%s" % context,
e.lineno, e.offset,
xml.parsers.expat.ErrorString(e.code))
except xml.sax.SAXParseException, e:
context = ''
if xmlString:
try:
lines = xmlString.split('\n')
pos = max(e.getColumnNumber() - 10, 0)
line = lines[e.getLineNumber() - 1]
context = " (near %s )" % HTMLUtils.encodeText(line[pos:pos + 20])
context = context.replace('%', '%%')
except:
pass
raise Errors.UserError("at line %%s, column %%s%s: %%s" % context,
e.getLineNumber(), e.getColumnNumber(),
e.getMessage())
except ValueError, e:
raise Errors.UserError("Parse error: %s", str(e))
class ParsedXml:
"""
Class representing a parsed piece of XML, and providing several convenience
methods for getting at the parsed XML.
The parsed piece of XML is a single well-formed tag (ie, has exactly one
root node).
"""
def __init__(self, xmlString=None):
"""Initialise the ParsedXml object.
If xmlString is supplied (and not None), it should contain either a
unicode object or utf-8 encoded string object. If fh is supplied, it
should be a filehandle which is open for reading, and is pointing to
the start of an XML file.
Only one of xmlString and fh may be supplied.
"""
# A DOM node representing the parsed XML.
# Used if reading from a string.
self._node = None
# The parsedXml object which should call unlink() on _node, or None if
# this is the object which should do that.
# This is used to ensure that the object which calls unlink isn't
# garbage collected (and hence calls unlink) before all users have
# finished, and hence released their references to it.
self._unlinker = None
# Parse the string:
if xmlString is not None:
self._parseFragment(xmlString)
def __del__(self):
"""
Free the internals. This avoids cyclic garbage collection being
needed.
"""
if self._node is not None:
if self._unlinker is None:
self._node.unlink()
self._node = None
self._unlinker = None
def getAsString(self):
"""Get the parsed piece of XML as a utf-8 string.
"""
if self._node is not None:
return self._node.toxml('utf-8')
def getContentsAsString(self):
"""Get the contents of the parsed piece of XML.
This returns the contents as a utf-8 string.
This includes the contents of the root tag, but not the root tag
itself.
"""
if not self._node.hasChildNodes:
return ''
contents = []
currnode = self._node.firstChild
while currnode is not None:
contents.append(currnode.toxml('utf-8'))
currnode = currnode.nextSibling
return ''.join(contents)
def getText(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Get the textual contents of this piece of XML, as a unicode string.
See the documentation for ParsedXmlTextGetter.__init__() for details of
the parameters.
"""
getter = ParsedXmlTextGetter(*args, **kwargs)
return getter.toText(self)
def _parseFragment(self, xmlString):
"""
Parse a fragment of XML, storing the resulting DOM node in this
ParsedXml object.
"""
if isinstance(xmlString, unicode):
# Convert to utf-8
xmlString = xmlString.encode('utf-8')
result = []
def callable():
result.append(xml.dom.minidom.parseString(xmlString))
_convertParseExceptions(callable, xmlString)
# Don't call unlink on the old value of _node: we can't guarantee that
# noone is using it, so we just have to wait for cyclic garbage
# collection to pick it up.
self._node = result[0]
self._unlinker = None
def getItems(self):
"""Return an iterator which returns all the items in the parsed XML.
"""
root = self._node
if root is None:
return iter(())
if root.nodeType == root.DOCUMENT_NODE:
root = root.documentElement
class Iter:
def __init__(self, root, unlinker):
self._unlinker = unlinker
self._nodelist = [[root, None]]
self._nodeNames = []
def __iter__(self):
'Method needed to satisfy iterator protocol.'
return self
def next(self):
'Move to next element, or throw StopIteration.'
if len(self._nodelist) == 0:
raise StopIteration
while len(self._nodelist) != 0:
(node, subpos) = self._nodelist[-1]
if node.nodeType == node.ELEMENT_NODE:
if subpos is None:
# Haven't returned start of node yet.
self._nodeNames.append(node.nodeName)
self._nodelist[-1][1] = 0
return ParsedXmlItem(ParsedXmlItem.START, self._nodeNames, atts=node.attributes, node=node, unlinker=self._unlinker)
else:
# Get next subnode which we care about.
while True:
if subpos >= len(node.childNodes):
break
newnode = node.childNodes[subpos]
subpos += 1
if newnode.nodeType == newnode.ELEMENT_NODE:
# Have an element node
self._nodelist[-1][1] = subpos
self._nodelist.append([newnode, 0])
self._nodeNames.append(newnode.nodeName)
return ParsedXmlItem(ParsedXmlItem.START, self._nodeNames, atts=newnode.attributes, node=newnode, unlinker=self._unlinker)
elif newnode.nodeType == newnode.TEXT_NODE or newnode.nodeType == newnode.CDATA_SECTION_NODE:
# Have a text node - join it with any subsequent text nodes.
result = ParsedXmlItem(ParsedXmlItem.DATA, self._nodeNames, data=newnode.data)
resultdata = [result.data]
while subpos < len(node.childNodes):
nextnode = node.childNodes[subpos]
if nextnode.nodeType == nextnode.ELEMENT_NODE:
# An element - need to leave this
# to be dealt with later.
break
elif nextnode.nodeType == nextnode.TEXT_NODE or nextnode.nodeType == nextnode.CDATA_SECTION_NODE:
# More text - add it to this node.
resultdata.append(nextnode.data)
else:
pass
subpos += 1
result.data = u''.join(resultdata)
self._nodelist[-1][1] = subpos
return result
else:
# Have a node which is neither text nor an element.
# Skip it.
pass
# No more subnodes - return end of parent node.
result = ParsedXmlItem(ParsedXmlItem.END, copy.copy(self._nodeNames), atts=node.attributes)
self._nodeNames.pop()
self._nodelist.pop()
return result
elif node.nodeType == node.TEXT_NODE or node.nodeType == node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE:
# Have a text node
self._nodelist.pop()
return ParsedXmlItem(ParsedXmlItem.DATA, self._nodeNames, data=node.data)
else:
# Have a node which is neither text nor an element.
# Skip it.
pass
def expand(self):
"""
Expand the current item (and its subitems) by returning a
ParsedXml object representing the current item.
Only valid when the current item (ie, last returned by next())
is a START item. See also the skipContents() method, which is
often useful in conjunction with this method.
"""
assert self._nodelist[-1][1] != 0, 'Cannot expand() when current item is not a START item'
expanded = ParsedXml()
expanded._node = self._nodelist[-1][0]
expanded._unlinker = self._unlinker
return expanded
def skipContents(self):
"""
If the current item is a START item, advances the iterator such
that the next item is the corresponding END item. Otherwise,
has no effect.
"""
if self._nodelist[-1][1] != 0:
return
self._nodelist[-1][1] = len(self._nodelist[-1][0].childNodes)
if self._unlinker is None:
return Iter(root, self)
else:
return Iter(root, self._unlinker)
class ParsedXmlFileItem(ParsedXmlItem):
"""Class representing an item of XML read from a file.
This is either the start of an element, the end of an element, or a piece
of textual data.
"""
def __init__(self, type, nodeNames, atts=None, data=None, node=None, unlinker=None, expander=None):
ParsedXmlItem.__init__(self, type, nodeNames, atts=atts, data=data, node=node, unlinker=unlinker)
self._expander = expander
def expand(self):
"""Expand the item, by returning a ParsedXml object representing the
current item.
Note that this is only valid if the iterator that this
ParsedXmlFileItem came from hasn't moved since making this
ParsedXmlFileItem.
"""
return self._expander.expand(node=self._node)
def __repr__(self):
extra=''
if self.atts is not None:
extra += ', atts=%s' % repr(self.atts)
if self.data is not None:
extra += ', data=%s' % repr(self.data)
return 'ParsedXmlFileItem(ParsedXmlItem.%s, %s%s)' % (
self.typenames[self.type],
repr(self.nodeNames),
extra
)
class ParsedXmlFile(ParsedXml):
"""Class representing a parsed XML file.
The file is actually read and parsed lazily, but this implementation is
hidden, and the interface provided is precisely that of ParsedXml.
"""
def __init__(self, fh):
ParsedXml.__init__(self, None)
# File handle that file is being read from.
# Used if reading from a file.
self._fh = None
# Position in file handle that XML starts at.
# Used if reading from a file.
self._startpos = None
# If we've been supplied a filename instead of a file handle, try
# opening it.
if isinstance(fh, basestring):
try:
handle = open(fh)
except IOError, e:
raise Errors.UserError("Can't open file %s : %s", fh, str(e))
fh = handle
# Store the file handle and current position, for use when we start
# reading the file.
if fh is not None:
self._fh = fh
self._startpos = fh.tell()
def _getParseEvents(self):
"""Parse from a file handle.
This uses the pulldom interfsce to avoid having to read in the whole
file at once. It returns a DOMEventStream object, which provides a
stream of parse events.
"""
if self._fh.tell() != self._startpos:
self._fh.seek(self._startpos)
result = []
def callable():
result.append(xml.dom.pulldom.parse(self._fh))
_convertParseExceptions(callable)
return result[0]
def getAsString(self):
"""Get the parsed piece of XML as a utf-8 string.
"""
events = self._getParseEvents()
result = []
def callable():
for (event, node) in events:
if event == "START_ELEMENT":
events.expandNode(node)
result.append(node.toxml())
_convertParseExceptions(callable)
return ''.join(result)
def getContentsAsString(self):
"""Get the contents of the parsed piece of XML.
This returns the contents as a utf-8 string.
This includes the contents of the root tag, but not the root tag
itself.
"""
events = self._getParseEvents()
result = []
def callable():
for (event, node) in events:
if event == "START_ELEMENT":
break
for (event, node) in events:
if event == "START_ELEMENT":
events.expandNode(node)
result.append(node.toxml())
if event == "END_ELEMENT":
break
_convertParseExceptions(callable)
return ''.join(result)
def getItems(self):
"""
Return an iterator which returns all the items in the parsed XML.
"""
class Iter:
def __init__(self, events, unlinker):
self._events = events
self._unlinker = unlinker
self._nodeNames = []
self._lastEvent = None
self._lastNode = None
self._nextItem = None
self._expandedIter = None
self._expandedIterStarted = False
self._expandedXml = None
def callable():
while True:
self._nextItem = self._events.next()
if self._nextItem[0] == 'START_ELEMENT':
break
try:
_convertParseExceptions(callable)
except StopIteration:
self._events = None
def __iter__(self):
'Method needed to satisfy iterator protocol.'
return self
def next(self):
'Move to next element, or throw StopIteration.'
# If we've got an expanded iterator, pass through items from
# the iterator over the expanded node, but add the preceding
# nodenames to it.
if self._expandedIter is not None:
try:
item = self._expandedIter.next()
self._expandedIterStarted = True
newNodeNames = []
newNodeNames.extend(self._nodeNames[:-1])
newNodeNames.extend(item.nodeNames)
item.nodeNames = newNodeNames
return item
except StopIteration:
self._expandedIter = None
self._expandedXml = None
self._expandedIterStarted = False
self._nodeNames.pop()
# Read events from the file, merging any character events, and
# return ParsedXmlFileItems for each one.
while True:
# If we haven't already read ahead by one, read the next
# event.
if self._nextItem is None:
if self._events is None:
raise StopIteration
def callable():
self._nextItem = self._events.next()
try:
_convertParseExceptions(callable)
except StopIteration:
self._events = None
raise
(self._lastEvent, self._lastNode) = self._nextItem
self._nextItem = None
if self._lastEvent is None:
raise StopIteration
# Now return a node based on self._lastEvent and self._lastNode
if self._lastEvent == 'START_ELEMENT':
# Return start of node
self._nodeNames.append(self._lastNode.nodeName)
return ParsedXmlFileItem(ParsedXmlFileItem.START, self._nodeNames, atts=self._lastNode.attributes, node=self._lastNode, unlinker=self._unlinker, expander=self)
elif self._lastEvent == 'CHARACTERS':
# Text data in the node.
# Move forward merging CHARACTERS nodes together, until
# we have a different type of node.
characters = [self._lastNode.data]
def callable():
while self._nextItem is None:
self._nextItem = self._events.next()
if self._nextItem[0] == 'CHARACTERS':
characters.append(self._nextItem[1].data)
self._nextItem = None
try:
_convertParseExceptions(callable)
except StopIteration:
self._nextItem = None
self._events = None
return ParsedXmlFileItem(ParsedXmlFileItem.DATA, self._nodeNames, data=''.join(characters))
elif self._lastEvent == 'END_ELEMENT':
# End of a node.
result = ParsedXmlFileItem(ParsedXmlFileItem.END, copy.copy(self._nodeNames), atts=self._lastNode.attributes)
self._nodeNames.pop()
return result
else:
# Something else: ignore it, go round the loop again.
pass
def expand(self, node=None):
"""
Expand the current item (and its subitems) by returning a
ParsedXml object representing the current item.
Only valid when the current item (ie, last returned by next())
is a START item. See also the skipContents() method, which is
often useful in conjunction with this method.
If node is supplied, will raise an error if the supplied node
is not the last node supplied.
"""
if self._expandedIter is not None:
if self._expandedIterStarted:
return self._expandedIter.expand()
else:
return self._expandedXml
assert node is None or node is self._lastNode
assert self._lastEvent == 'START_ELEMENT', 'Cannot expand() when current item is not a START item'
def callable():
self._events.expandNode(self._lastNode)
_convertParseExceptions(callable)
self._expandedXml = ParsedXml()
self._expandedXml._node = self._lastNode
self._expandedXml._unlinker = self._unlinker
self._expandedIter = self._expandedXml.getItems()
self._expandedIterStarted = False
try:
self._expandedIter.next()
except StopIteration:
self._expandedIter = None
self._expandedXml = None
return self._expandedXml
def skipContents(self):
"""
If the current item is a START item, advances the iterator such
that the next item is the corresponding END item. Otherwise,
has no effect.
"""
if self._lastEvent != 'START_ELEMENT':
return
if self._expandedXml:
self._expandedIter.skipContents()
return
def callable():
nodeNames = [self._lastNode.nodeName]
while len(nodeNames) != 0:
if self._nextItem is not None:
(self._lastEvent, self._lastNode) = self._nextItem
self._nextItem = self._events.next()
print self._nextItem, nodeNames
(event, node) = self._nextItem
if event == 'START_ELEMENT':
nodeNames.append(node.nodeName)
elif event == 'END_ELEMENT':
assert nodeNames[-1] == node.nodeName
nodeNames.pop()
try:
_convertParseExceptions(callable)
except StopIteration:
self._nextItem = None
return Iter(self._getParseEvents(), self)
__test__ = {
'Getting items': r"""
Get some items, and check that all the subitems expand correctly.
>>> parsed=ParsedXml('A A Normal italic italicbold normalagain mix ed. ')
>>> for item in parsed.getItems(): print item
(START, [u'field'], name='title')
(DATA, [u'field'], data=u'Normal ')
(START, [u'field', u'i'])
(DATA, [u'field', u'i'], data=u'italic ')
(START, [u'field', u'i', u'b'])
(DATA, [u'field', u'i', u'b'], data=u'italicbold')
(END, [u'field', u'i', u'b'])
(END, [u'field', u'i'])
(DATA, [u'field'], data=u' normalagain mi')
(START, [u'field', u'i'])
(DATA, [u'field', u'i'], data=u'x')
(END, [u'field', u'i'])
(DATA, [u'field'], data=u'ed.')
(END, [u'field'], name='title')
Next, parse some XML with an SGML comment. Should get exactly the same output.
>>> parsed=ParsedXml('Normal italic italicbold normalagain mix ed. ')
>>> for item in parsed.getItems(): print item
(START, [u'field'], name='title')
(DATA, [u'field'], data=u'Normal ')
(START, [u'field', u'i'])
(DATA, [u'field', u'i'], data=u'italic ')
(START, [u'field', u'i', u'b'])
(DATA, [u'field', u'i', u'b'], data=u'italicbold')
(END, [u'field', u'i', u'b'])
(END, [u'field', u'i'])
(DATA, [u'field'], data=u' normalagain mi')
(START, [u'field', u'i'])
(DATA, [u'field', u'i'], data=u'x')
(END, [u'field', u'i'])
(DATA, [u'field'], data=u'ed.')
(END, [u'field'], name='title')
Now, convert some XML to text.
>>> parsed=ParsedXml('Normal italic italicbold normalagain mix ed. ')
>>> print parsed.getText(nospacetags=['field', 'i', 'b'])
Normal italic italicbold normalagain mixed.
>>> for item in parsed.getItems():
... if item.type == item.START and item.nodeNames[-1] == 'i':
... print item.expand().getText(nospacetags=['i', 'b'])
italic italicbold
x
Check if parameters supplied to the getText() method work.
>>> for item in parsed.getItems():
... if item.type == item.START and item.nodeNames[-1] == 'i':
... print item.expand().getText(spacetags=['b'], nospacetags=['i'])
italic italicbold
x
>>> parsed=ParsedXml('C1 B1C2 B2 C3 A2C1 B1C2 B2 C3 A2C1 B1C2 B2 C3 A2
C1 B1 C2 A1B2 C3 A2
C1 B1 C2 A1B2 C3 A2
C1 B1 C2 A1 B2 C3 A2
B1 A1 B2 A2
A1 C3 A2
.
C1 B1C2 C1 B1C2
C1 B1 C2
C1 B1 C2
C1 B1 C2
B1
.
C1
C1
C1
C1
C1
C1
.
C2
C2
C2
C2
C2
C2
.
B2
B2
B2
B2
B2
B2
.
C3
C3
C3
C3
C3
C3
.
""",
'Getting items from file': r"""
Get some items, and check that all the subitems expand correctly.
>>> import StringIO
>>> iostring = StringIO.StringIO('A A Normal italic italicbold normalagain mix ed. '))
>>> for item in parsed.getItems(): print item #doctest: +REPORT_NDIFF
(START, [u'field'], name='title')
(DATA, [u'field'], data=u'Normal ')
(START, [u'field', u'i'])
(DATA, [u'field', u'i'], data=u'italic ')
(START, [u'field', u'i', u'b'])
(DATA, [u'field', u'i', u'b'], data=u'italicbold')
(END, [u'field', u'i', u'b'])
(END, [u'field', u'i'])
(DATA, [u'field'], data=u' normalagain mi')
(START, [u'field', u'i'])
(DATA, [u'field', u'i'], data=u'x')
(END, [u'field', u'i'])
(DATA, [u'field'], data=u'ed.')
(END, [u'field'], name='title')
""",
'Parse XML with SGML comment from file': r"""
Next, parse some XML with an SGML comment. Should get exactly the same output.
>>> import StringIO
>>> parsed=ParsedXmlFile(StringIO.StringIO('Normal italic italicbold normalagain mix ed. '))
>>> for item in parsed.getItems(): print item #doctest: +REPORT_NDIFF
(START, [u'field'], name='title')
(DATA, [u'field'], data=u'Normal ')
(START, [u'field', u'i'])
(DATA, [u'field', u'i'], data=u'italic ')
(START, [u'field', u'i', u'b'])
(DATA, [u'field', u'i', u'b'], data=u'italicbold')
(END, [u'field', u'i', u'b'])
(END, [u'field', u'i'])
(DATA, [u'field'], data=u' normalagain mi')
(START, [u'field', u'i'])
(DATA, [u'field', u'i'], data=u'x')
(END, [u'field', u'i'])
(DATA, [u'field'], data=u'ed.')
(END, [u'field'], name='title')
""",
'Parse XML from file and convert to text': r"""
Now, convert some XML to text.
>>> import StringIO
>>> parsed=ParsedXmlFile(StringIO.StringIO('Normal italic italicbold normalagain mix ed. '))
>>> print parsed.getText(nospacetags=['field', 'i', 'b'])
Normal italic italicbold normalagain mixed.
>>> for item in parsed.getItems():
... if item.type == item.START and item.nodeNames[-1] == 'i':
... print item.expand().getText(nospacetags=['i', 'b'])
italic italicbold
x
Check if parameters supplied to the getText() method work.
>>> for item in parsed.getItems():
... if item.type == item.START and item.nodeNames[-1] == 'i':
... print item.expand().getText(spacetags=['b'], nospacetags=['i'])
italic italicbold
x
>>> parsed=ParsedXmlFile(StringIO.StringIO('C1 B1C2 B2 C3 A2C1 B1C2 B2 C3 A2C1 B1C2 B2 C3 A2
C1 B1 C2 A1B2 C3 A2
C1 B1 C2 A1B2 C3 A2
C1 B1 C2 A1 B2 C3 A2
B1 A1 B2 A2
A1 C3 A2
.
C1 B1C2 C1 B1C2
C1 B1 C2
C1 B1 C2
C1 B1 C2
B1
.
C1
C1
C1
C1
C1
C1
.
C2
C2
C2
C2
C2
C2
.
B2
B2
B2
B2
B2
B2
.
C3
C3
C3
C3
C3
C3
.
"""
}
if __name__ == '__main__':
import doctest, sys
doctest.testmod (sys.modules[__name__])
xappy-0.5/perftest/parse_wikipedia/wiki2dump.py 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000015060 10667526240 021627 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2006 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
"""wiki2dump.py: Convert wikimedia xml dump files to scriptindex input files.
Usage:
./wiki2dump.py
Outputs result to standard output.
"""
import sys
import os.path
from XMLUtils import ParsedXmlFile
from Errors import UserError
import re
class PageRevision:
"""A revision of a wikimedia page.
This has an id number, timestamp, contributor_name, contributor_id, minor
edit flag, comment, and text.
"""
_re_redirect = re.compile('#REDIRECT\s*\[\[(?P.*?)\]\]',
re.IGNORECASE)
def __init__(self, xml):
self.id = None
self.timestamp = None
self.contributor_name = ''
self.contributor_id = None
self.minor = False
self.comment = ''
self.text = ''
self.redirect = None
it = xml.getItems()
for item in it:
if item.type == item.DATA:
if item.nodeNames[-2:] == [u'contributor', u'username']:
self.contributor_name = item.data
elif item.nodeNames[-2:] == [u'contributor', u'id']:
self.contributor_id = item.data # FIXME - convert (checked) to int
elif item.nodeNames[-1] == u'id':
self.id = item.data # FIXME - convert (checked) to int
if item.nodeNames[-1] == u'timestamp':
self.timestamp = item.data # FIXME - convert (checked) to datetime
if item.nodeNames[-1] == u'comment':
self.comment = item.data
if item.nodeNames[-1] == u'text':
self.text = item.data
elif item.type == item.START:
if item.nodeNames[-1] == u'minor':
self.minor = True
if len(self.text) > 0 and self.text[0] == '#':
# Deal with special directives
g = self._re_redirect.match(self.text)
if g:
self.redirect = g.group('target')
def __repr__(self):
return '' % (
self.id, self.timestamp, self.contributor_name,
self.contributor_id, self.minor, self.comment, self.text,
self.redirect,
)
class Page:
"""A wikimedia page.
This corresponds to a page tag in the input XML file. It has a title, id
number, and a list of PageRevision objects (which will often contain only a
single entry).
"""
def __init__(self, xml):
self.title = None
self.id = None
self.revisions = []
it = xml.getItems()
for item in it:
if item.type == item.START:
if item.nodeNames[-1] == 'revision':
self.revisions.append(PageRevision(item.expand()))
it.skipContents()
elif item.type == item.DATA:
if item.nodeNames[-1] == 'title':
self.title = item.data
elif item.nodeNames[-1] == 'id':
self.id = item.data # FIXME - convert (checked) to int
def dump(self):
redirect = False
result = []
if self.title is not None:
result.append("title=%s" % self.title)
if self.id is not None:
result.append("id=%s" % self.id)
maxrev = None
for revision in self.revisions:
if maxrev is None or maxrev.timestamp < revision.timestamp:
maxrev = revision
if maxrev is not None:
if maxrev.redirect is not None:
result.append("redirect=%s" % maxrev.redirect)
redirect = True
elif len(maxrev.text) > 0:
text = maxrev.text.replace('\n', '\n=')
result.append("text=%s" % text)
return (u'\n'.join(result), redirect)
def parse(infile, outfile, redirfile):
infile_size = os.path.getsize(infile)
infh = open(infile, "rb")
if os.path.exists(outfile):
raise UserError("Error: output file \"%s\" already exists.", outfile)
if os.path.exists(redirfile):
raise UserError("Error: redirections output file \"%s\" already exists.", redirfile)
outfh = open(outfile, "wb")
redirfh = open(redirfile, "wb")
xml = ParsedXmlFile(infh)
state = 0
it = xml.getItems()
for item in it:
if state == 0:
if item.type != item.START:
raise UserError('Didn\'t get correct header at start of file')
else:
state = 1
continue
if state == 1:
if item.type == item.START:
if item.nodeNames[-1] == u'page':
page = Page(item.expand())
(dump, redirect) = page.dump()
if redirect:
redirfh.write(dump.encode('utf-8'))
redirfh.write('\n\n')
else:
outfh.write(dump.encode('utf-8'))
outfh.write('\n\n')
it.skipContents()
pos = infh.tell()
percent = 100.0 * pos / infile_size
if redirect:
print "Processed %f%%: %r (redirect to %r)" % (percent, page.title, redirect)
else:
print "Processed %f%%: %r" % (percent, page.title)
infh.close()
outfh.close()
redirfh.close()
# Start
if len(sys.argv) != 4:
print """
Usage: ./wiki2dump.py
""".strip()
sys.exit(0)
infile = sys.argv[1]
outfile = sys.argv[2]
redirfile = sys.argv[3]
try:
parse(infile, outfile, redirfile)
except UserError, e:
print e
xappy-0.5/perftest/analyse_indexlogs.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000020427 10702531177 020257 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
import csv
import pylab
import sys
def get_av_docspersec(times, interval, docscale):
docspersec = []
docs = []
for i in xrange(interval, len(times)):
docinterval = times[i].docs - times[i-interval].docs
timeinterval = times[i].time - times[i-interval].time
docspersec.append(docinterval / timeinterval)
docs.append(times[i].docs / docscale)
if interval >= len(times):
return docspersec, docs, 0
else:
return docspersec, docs, times[interval].docs - times[0].docs
def calc_docscale(times):
docscale = 1000
if len(times) > 2:
docdiff = times[1].docs - times[0].docs
while docscale > 1 and docdiff <= docscale:
docscale //= 10
if docscale == 1:
docscalestr = ""
else:
docscalestr = " (x%d)" % docscale
return docscale, docscalestr
def generate_figures(times, outprefix, pretitle):
docscale, docscalestr = calc_docscale(times)
# Generate a "total time" versus "total documents" plot
if len(times) > 1:
pylab.figure()
total_times = [row.time / 3600.0 for row in times]
total_documents = [row.docs / docscale for row in times]
pylab.plot(total_times, total_documents)
pylab.xlabel('Time (hours)')
pylab.ylabel('Documents%s' % docscalestr)
pylab.title(pretitle + r': documents indexed after a given time')
pylab.axis([0, max(total_times) * 1.05, 0, max(total_documents) * 1.05])
pylab.savefig(outprefix + "totaltime_v_totaldocs.png", format="png")
# Generate a "documents/second" plot
docspersec_av1, docs_av1, docinterval = get_av_docspersec(times, 1, docscale)
if len(docs_av1) > 1:
pylab.figure()
pylab.plot(docs_av1, docspersec_av1)
pylab.xlabel('Documents%s' % docscalestr)
pylab.ylabel('Docs per second')
pylab.title(pretitle + ': indexing rate versus documents processed\nAveraged every %d documents' % docinterval)
pylab.axis([0, max(docs_av1) * 1.05, 0, max(docspersec_av1) * 1.05])
pylab.savefig(outprefix + "docspersec_v_totaldocs_av1.png", format="png")
docspersec_av10, docs_av10, docinterval = get_av_docspersec(times, 10, docscale)
if len(docs_av10) > 1:
pylab.figure()
pylab.plot(docs_av10, docspersec_av10)
pylab.xlabel('Documents%s' % docscalestr)
pylab.ylabel('Docs per second')
pylab.title(pretitle + ': indexing rate versus documents processed\nAveraged every %d documents' % docinterval)
pylab.axis([0, max(docs_av10) * 1.05, 0, max(docspersec_av10) * 1.05])
pylab.savefig(outprefix + "docspersec_v_totaldocs_av10.png", format="png")
docspersec_av100, docs_av100, docinterval = get_av_docspersec(times, 100, docscale)
if len(docs_av100) > 1:
pylab.figure()
pylab.plot(docs_av100, docspersec_av100)
pylab.xlabel('Documents%s' % docscalestr)
pylab.ylabel('Docs per second')
pylab.title(pretitle + ': indexing rate versus documents processed\nAveraged every %d documents' % docinterval)
pylab.axis([0, max(docs_av100) * 1.05, 0, max(docspersec_av100) * 1.05])
pylab.savefig(outprefix + "docspersec_v_totaldocs_av100.png", format="png")
def generate_comparison_figures(alltimes, outprefix, pretitle):
docscale, docscalestr = calc_docscale(alltimes[0][1])
# Generate a "total time" versus "total documents" plot
have_plotted = False
xaxis = 0
yaxis = 0
for legend, times in alltimes:
if len(times) > 1:
if not have_plotted:
pylab.figure()
have_plotted = True
total_times = [row.time / 3600.0 for row in times]
total_documents = [row.docs / docscale for row in times]
pylab.plot(total_times, total_documents, label=legend)
xaxis = max(xaxis, max(total_times) * 1.05)
yaxis = max(yaxis, max(total_documents) * 1.05)
pylab.legend(loc="lower right")
pylab.xlabel('Time (hours)')
pylab.ylabel('Documents%s' % docscalestr)
pylab.title(pretitle + r': documents indexed after a given time')
pylab.axis([0, xaxis, 0, yaxis])
if have_plotted:
pylab.savefig(outprefix + "totaltime_v_totaldocs.png", format="png")
# Generate a "documents/second" plot
have_plotted = False
xaxis = 0
yaxis = 0
for legend, times in alltimes:
docspersec_av1, docs_av1, docinterval = get_av_docspersec(times, 1, docscale)
if len(docs_av1) > 1:
if not have_plotted:
pylab.figure()
have_plotted = True
pylab.plot(docs_av1, docspersec_av1, label=legend)
xaxis = max(xaxis, max(docs_av1) * 1.05)
yaxis = max(yaxis, max(docspersec_av1) * 1.05)
pylab.legend(loc="lower left")
pylab.xlabel('Documents%s' % docscalestr)
pylab.ylabel('Docs per second')
pylab.title(pretitle + ': indexing rate versus documents processed\nAveraged every %d documents' % docinterval)
pylab.axis([0, xaxis, 0, yaxis])
if have_plotted:
pylab.savefig(outprefix + "docspersec_v_totaldocs_av1.png", format="png")
have_plotted = False
xaxis = 0
yaxis = 0
for legend, times in alltimes:
docspersec_av10, docs_av10, docinterval = get_av_docspersec(times, 10, docscale)
if len(docs_av10) > 1:
if not have_plotted:
pylab.figure()
have_plotted = True
pylab.plot(docs_av10, docspersec_av10, label=legend)
xaxis = max(xaxis, max(docs_av10) * 1.05)
yaxis = max(yaxis, max(docspersec_av10) * 1.05)
pylab.legend(loc="lower left")
pylab.xlabel('Documents%s' % docscalestr)
pylab.ylabel('Docs per second')
pylab.title(pretitle + ': indexing rate versus documents processed\nAveraged every %d documents' % docinterval)
pylab.axis([0, xaxis, 0, yaxis])
if have_plotted:
pylab.savefig(outprefix + "docspersec_v_totaldocs_av10.png", format="png")
have_plotted = False
xaxis = 0
yaxis = 0
for legend, times in alltimes:
docspersec_av100, docs_av100, docinterval = get_av_docspersec(times, 100, docscale)
if len(docs_av100) > 1:
if not have_plotted:
pylab.figure()
have_plotted = True
pylab.plot(docs_av100, docspersec_av100, label=legend)
xaxis = max(xaxis, max(docs_av100) * 1.05)
yaxis = max(yaxis, max(docspersec_av100) * 1.05)
pylab.legend(loc="lower left")
pylab.xlabel('Documents%s' % docscalestr)
pylab.ylabel('Docs per second')
pylab.title(pretitle + ': indexing rate versus documents processed\nAveraged every %d documents' % docinterval)
pylab.axis([0, xaxis, 0, yaxis])
if have_plotted:
pylab.savefig(outprefix + "docspersec_v_totaldocs_av100.png", format="png")
class logrow(object):
__slots__ = ('docs', 'time', 'dbsize', 'tablesizes')
def __init__(self, docs, time, dbsize, *tablesizes):
self.docs = int(docs)
self.time = float(time)
self.dbsize = int(dbsize)
self.tablesizes = [int(tablesize) for tablesize in tablesizes]
def parse_logfile(filename):
fd = open(filename)
times = []
reader = csv.reader(fd)
descline = reader.next()
headings = reader.next()
assert(','.join(headings) == 'Documents Added,Time(seconds),dbsize(bytes),inputsize(bytes)')
for row in reader:
newrow = logrow(*row)
if len(times) > 0 and times[-1].docs == newrow.docs:
times[-1] = newrow
else:
times.append(newrow)
return descline, times
xappy-0.5/perftest/analyse_searchlogs.py 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000005216 10702541535 020416 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
import csv
import pylab
def get_stats(log):
query_v_time = [(row.time, row.query) for row in log]
query_v_time.sort()
query_v_time.reverse()
print "Average speed: %f seconds" % (sum((row.time for row in log)) / len(log))
print "Slowest queries:"
for time, query in query_v_time[:10]:
print "%s: %f seconds" % (query, time)
def generate_figures(log, outprefix, pretitle):
# Generate a "total time" versus "total documents" plot
total_times = [row.tottime for row in log]
query_times = [row.time for row in log]
pylab.figure(figsize=(8,12))
pylab.subplot(311)
pylab.plot(total_times)
pylab.xlabel('Queries completed')
pylab.ylabel('Total time (seconds)')
pylab.title(pretitle + '\nQueries completed after given time')
pylab.subplot(312)
pylab.axis([0, len(query_times), 0, max(query_times) * 1.05])
pylab.plot(query_times)
pylab.xlabel('Queries completed')
pylab.ylabel('Query time (seconds)')
pylab.title('Query times')
pylab.subplot(313)
pylab.axis([0, len(query_times), 0, 50])
pylab.hist(query_times, 50, log="true")
pylab.xlabel('Query time (seconds)')
pylab.ylabel('Queries')
pylab.title('Query time histogram')
pylab.savefig(outprefix + "query_times.png", format="png")
class logrow(object):
__slots__ = ('querynum', 'estmatches', 'time', 'tottime')
def __init__(self, threadnum, querynum, matchcount, estmatches, time, tottime, querylen, *query):
self.querynum = int(querynum)
self.estmatches = int(estmatches)
self.time = float(time)
self.tottime = float(tottime)
def parse_logfile(filename):
fd = open(filename)
times = []
titles = None
reader = csv.reader(fd)
for row in reader:
if titles is None:
titles = row
else:
newrow = logrow(*row)
times.append(newrow)
return times
xappy-0.5/perftest/gen_queries.py 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000004442 10667526240 017064 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
import random
from sets import Set
# Remove this line, or change to a different value, to get different output.
random.seed(1)
class WordSource:
def __init__(self, infile):
fd = open(infile, "r")
words = Set()
for line in fd.readlines():
line = line.replace('"', ' ')
for word in line.split():
words.add(word)
self.words = []
for word in words:
self.words.append(word)
def next(self):
return random.choice(self.words)
class QueryGenerator:
def __init__(self, source, distribution):
self.source = source
self.distribution = []
for key, val in distribution.iteritems():
self.distribution.extend((key,) * val)
def __iter__(self):
return self
def next(self):
qlen = random.choice(self.distribution)
qterms = []
while qlen > 0:
qterms.append(self.source.next())
qlen -= 1
return ' '.join(qterms)
def gen_queries(infile, outfile, limit, distribution):
querygen = QueryGenerator(WordSource(infile), distribution)
outfd = open(outfile, 'wb')
count = 0
for query in querygen:
query = query.replace('\n', ' ')
outfd.write(query + '\n')
count += 1
if count >= limit:
break
outfd.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
infile = '../testdata/query_sourcewords.txt'
outfile = '../testdata/queries.txt'
limit = 100000
gen_queries(infile, outfile, limit, {1: 10, 2:3, 5:1})
xappy-0.5/perftest/indexer.py 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000011657 10702544277 016222 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
import csv
import os
import sys
import time
import xappy
class CsvLogger(object):
def __init__(self, filepath):
self.fd = open(filepath, 'ab')
self.csvwriter = csv.writer(self.fd)
def log(self, *args):
self.csvwriter.writerow(args)
self.fd.flush()
def create_index(dbpath):
"""Create a new index, and set up its field structure.
"""
iconn = xappy.IndexerConnection(dbpath)
iconn.add_field_action('title', xappy.FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
iconn.add_field_action('title', xappy.FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT,
language="en", weight=5)
iconn.add_field_action('text', xappy.FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
iconn.add_field_action('text', xappy.FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT,
language='en')
iconn.add_field_action('doclen', xappy.FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
iconn.add_field_action('doclen', xappy.FieldActions.SORTABLE, type='float')
iconn.add_field_action('doclen', xappy.FieldActions.COLLAPSE)
iconn.close()
def open_index(dbpath):
"""Open an existing index.
"""
return xappy.IndexerConnection(dbpath)
def dirsize(dirname):
size = 0
for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(dirname):
for filename in filenames:
size += os.stat(os.path.join(dirpath, filename)).st_size
return size
def log_entry(logger, dbpath, addcount, starttime, inputsize):
currtime = time.time()
dbsize = dirsize(dbpath)
logger.log(addcount, currtime - starttime, dbsize, inputsize)
def index_scriptindex_file(iconn, dbpath, dumpfd, logger, flushspeed, maxdocs,
logspeed):
"""Index a xapian "scriptindex" format file.
"""
logger.log("Documents Added", "Time(seconds)", "dbsize(bytes)", "inputsize(bytes)")
starttime = time.time()
linenum = 0
addcount = 0
doc = xappy.UnprocessedDocument()
doclen = 0
inputsize = 0
fieldlen = 0
while maxdocs is None or addcount < maxdocs:
line = dumpfd.readline()
linenum += 1
if len(line) == 0:
break
inputsize += len(line)
line = line.rstrip('\n\r')
if len(line) == 0:
if len(doc.fields) != 0:
doc.fields.append(xappy.Field('doclen', doclen))
iconn.add(doc)
addcount += 1
if flushspeed is not None and (addcount % flushspeed) == 0:
iconn.flush()
if addcount % logspeed == 0:
log_entry(logger, dbpath, addcount, starttime, inputsize)
doc = xappy.UnprocessedDocument()
continue
if line[0] == '#':
continue
equals = line.find("=")
if equals == -1:
raise ValueErrror("Missing '=' in line %d" % linenum)
elif equals == 0:
if len(doc.fields) == 0:
raise ValueError("Continuation line %d is first in document" % linenum)
else:
doc.fields[-1].value += '\n' + line[1:]
if doc.fields[-1].name == 'text':
doclen = len(doc.fields[-1].value)
else:
doc.fields.append(xappy.Field(line[:equals], line[equals + 1:]))
if doc.fields[-1].name == 'id':
doc.id = doc.fields[-1].value
elif doc.fields[-1].name == 'text':
doclen = len(doc.fields[-1].value)
# Add any left-over documents
if len(doc.fields) != 0:
doc.fields.append(xappy.Field('doclen', doclen))
iconn.add(doc)
addcount += 1
iconn.flush()
log_entry(logger, dbpath, addcount, starttime, inputsize)
def index_file(inputfile, dbpath, logpath, flushspeed, description, maxdocs, logspeed):
create_index(dbpath)
iconn = open_index(dbpath)
dumpfd = open(inputfile)
logger = CsvLogger(logpath)
descline = [description, "flushspeed=%d" % flushspeed]
if maxdocs is not None:
descline.append("maxdocs=%d" % maxdocs)
if logspeed is not None:
descline.append("logspeed=%d" % logspeed)
logger.log(*descline)
index_scriptindex_file(iconn, dbpath, dumpfd, logger, flushspeed, maxdocs,
logspeed)
xappy-0.5/perftest/parseargs.py 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000002736 10677232134 016546 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
"""Parse command line arguments.
"""
import getopt
import sys
class Config(object):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
for key, val in kwargs.iteritems():
setattr(self, key, val)
def usage(exitval):
print("Usage: perftest.py [options]")
print("Options are:")
print(" --help: Get help message")
print(" --outdir: Set output directory")
print(" --tmpdir: Set temporary directory")
print(" --preserve: Preserve existing runs")
sys.exit(exitval)
def parse_argv(argv, **defaults):
config = Config(**defaults)
try:
optlist, argv = getopt.gnu_getopt(argv, 'ho:t:p',
('help', 'outdir=', 'tmpdir=', 'preserve', 'searchruns='))
for (opt, val) in optlist:
if opt == '-h' or opt == '--help':
usage(0)
elif opt == '-o' or opt == '--outdir':
config.outdir = val
elif opt == '-t' or opt == '--tmpdir':
config.tmpdir = val
elif opt == '-p' or opt == '--preserve':
config.preserve = True
elif opt == '--searchruns':
config.searchruns = int(val)
else:
print("Unknown option %r" % opt)
usage(1)
except getopt.GetoptError, e:
print("Bad options: %r" % str(e))
usage(1)
if len(argv) != 1:
print("Wrong number of arguments")
usage(1)
return config
xappy-0.5/perftest/perftest.py 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000033325 10703210275 016401 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
r"""perftest.py: Perform automated performance tests.
This script performs automated performance tests of the Xappy module.
First, it downloads sample data to use for the performance tests, if such data
isn't already downloaded.
Next, it performs some timed indexing runs, producing CSV log files and graphs
of the performance of these runs.
Next, it performs some timed search runs, producing CSV log files and graphs
of the performance of these runs.
FIXME - needs to have support for clearing the cache between runs (but also do
some hot-cache runs):
To clear the cache:
1. If /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches exists, and is writable, writing "1" to it
clears the cache.
2. Otherwise, creates a large file containing random data, read all the
data from it, and then delete it.
"""
import getopt
import os
import os.path
import shutil
import sys
import time
import urllib
import setuppaths
import indexer
import searcher
try:
import analyse_indexlogs
import analyse_searchlogs
except ImportError:
analyse_indexlogs = None
analyse_searchlogs = None
class Config(object):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
for key, val in kwargs.iteritems():
setattr(self, key, val)
def usage(exitval):
print("Usage: perftest.py [options]")
print("Options are:")
print(" --help: Get help message")
print(" --outdir: Set output directory")
print(" --tmpdir: Set temporary directory")
print(" --preserve: Preserve existing runs")
print(" --searchruns: How many times to repeat each search run")
print(" --usedb: Use a particular existing database (only do search tests)")
sys.exit(exitval)
def parse_argv(argv, **defaults):
config = Config(**defaults)
try:
optlist, argv = getopt.gnu_getopt(argv, 'ho:t:p',
('help', 'outdir=', 'tmpdir=', 'preserve', 'searchruns=', 'usedb='))
for (opt, val) in optlist:
if opt == '-h' or opt == '--help':
usage(0)
elif opt == '-o' or opt == '--outdir':
config.outdir = val
elif opt == '-t' or opt == '--tmpdir':
config.tmpdir = val
elif opt == '-p' or opt == '--preserve':
config.preserve = True
elif opt == '--searchruns':
config.searchruns = int(val)
elif opt == '--usedb':
config.usedb = val
else:
print("Unknown option %r" % opt)
usage(1)
except getopt.GetoptError, e:
print("Bad options: %r" % str(e))
usage(1)
if len(argv) != 1:
print("Wrong number of arguments")
usage(1)
return config
def do_index(config, testrun):
dbpath = testrun.dbpath(config)
indexlogpath = testrun.indexlogpath(config)
if not config.preserve or \
not os.path.exists(dbpath) or \
not os.path.exists(indexlogpath):
if os.path.exists(dbpath):
shutil.rmtree(dbpath)
if os.path.exists(indexlogpath):
os.unlink(indexlogpath)
print "Starting index run (creating %s)" % dbpath
indexer.index_file(inputfile=testrun.inputfile,
dbpath=dbpath,
logpath=indexlogpath,
flushspeed=testrun.flushspeed,
description=testrun.description,
maxdocs=testrun.maxdocs,
logspeed=testrun.logspeed)
print "Ending index run"
def do_search(config, testrun):
dbpath = testrun.dbpath(config)
# FIXME - clear cache before first run
for runnum in range(1, config.searchruns + 1):
for queryfile, concurrency, extraargs in testrun.queryruns:
searchlogfile = testrun.searchlogpath(config, queryfile, concurrency, extraargs, runnum)
if config.preserve and \
os.path.exists(searchlogfile):
continue
print "Starting search run (logging to %s)" % searchlogfile
tests = searcher.QueryTests(queryfile, dbpath, searchlogfile, concurrency, **extraargs)
tests.run()
print "Ending search run"
def analyse_index(config):
if analyse_indexlogs is None:
return
alltimes = {}
for testrun in config.testruns:
if testrun.noindex:
continue
indexlogpath = testrun.indexlogpath(config)
outprefix = testrun.indexoutprefix(config)
desc_line, times = analyse_indexlogs.parse_logfile(indexlogpath)
title_line = testrun.description
if testrun.maxdocs is not None:
title_line += ", maxdocs=%d" % testrun.maxdocs
title_line += ", flush=%d" % testrun.flushspeed
filenameprefix = testrun.filename_safe_description() + testrun.maxdocs_pathbit()
analyse_indexlogs.generate_figures(times, outprefix, title_line)
if filenameprefix not in alltimes:
alltimes[filenameprefix] = (testrun.description, [])
alltimes[filenameprefix][1].append(("flush=%d" % testrun.flushspeed, times))
for desc in alltimes.iterkeys():
outprefix = os.path.join(config.outdir, 'index_comparison_%s_' % (desc, ))
analyse_indexlogs.generate_comparison_figures(alltimes[desc][1], outprefix, alltimes[desc][0])
def analyse_search(config):
if analyse_searchlogs is None:
return
for testrun in config.testruns:
for runnum in range(1, config.searchruns + 1):
for queryfile, concurrency, extraargs in testrun.queryruns:
searchlogpath = testrun.searchlogpath(config, queryfile, concurrency, extraargs, runnum)
outprefix = testrun.searchoutprefix(config, queryfile, concurrency, extraargs, runnum)
log = analyse_searchlogs.parse_logfile(searchlogpath)
title = testrun.description
title += ", " + os.path.basename(queryfile)
if concurrency != 1:
title += ", concurrency=%d" % concurrency
for arg in extraargs:
if arg == 'range':
title += ", range=%s,%d,%d" % extraargs[arg]
elif arg == 'gettags':
title += ", gettags=%s,%d" % extraargs[arg]
else:
title += ", %s=%s" % (arg, extraargs[arg])
analyse_searchlogs.generate_figures(log, outprefix, title)
class TestRun(object):
def __init__(self, inputfile, description, flushspeed=10000, maxdocs=None, logspeed=1000, noindex=False):
"""
- description: textual description of this run (excluding information
about other parameters specified here)
- flushspeed: frequency (ie, number of adds) with which to explicitly
call flush() on the database.
- maxdocs: maximum number of documents to add (stop automatically
after this many).
- logspeed: make a log entry each time we add "logspeed" documents.
- noindex: If True, don't do an indexing run (use existing database)
"""
self.inputfile = os.path.abspath(inputfile)
self.description = description
self.flushspeed = flushspeed
self.maxdocs = maxdocs
self.logspeed = logspeed
self.noindex = noindex
self.queryruns = []
def add_query_run(self, queryfile, concurrency, **extraargs):
self.queryruns.append((os.path.abspath(queryfile), concurrency, extraargs))
def maxdocs_pathbit(self):
if self.maxdocs is None: return ''
return "_maxdocs%d" % self.maxdocs
def _flushspeed_pathbit(self):
return "_flush%d" % self.flushspeed
def _index_pathbit(self):
return "%s%s%s" % (self.filename_safe_description(),
self._flushspeed_pathbit(),
self.maxdocs_pathbit())
def _filename_safe_path(self, path):
desc = []
for char in path.lower():
if char.isalnum():
desc.append(char)
elif len(desc) > 0 and desc[-1] != '_':
desc.append('_')
return ''.join(desc)
def filename_safe_description(self):
return self._filename_safe_path(self.description)
def dbpath(self, config):
if self.noindex:
return self.inputfile
return os.path.join(config.tmpdir, 'db_%s' % self._index_pathbit())
def indexlogpath(self, config):
return os.path.join(config.outdir, 'indexlog_%s.csv' % self._index_pathbit())
def indexoutprefix(self, config):
return os.path.join(config.outdir, 'index_%s_' % self._index_pathbit())
def extraargs_pathbit(self, extraargs):
extraargs_list = list(extraargs.iteritems())
extraargs_list.sort()
extraargs = []
for key, val in extraargs_list:
extraargs.append(key + "_" + str(val))
extraargs = '_'.join(extraargs)
extraargs = self._filename_safe_path(extraargs)
while extraargs.endswith('_'):
extraargs = extraargs[:-1]
if extraargs == '':
return ''
return "_" + extraargs
def queryfile_pathbit(self, queryfile):
return self._filename_safe_path(os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(queryfile))[0])
def searchlogpath(self, config, queryfile, concurrency, extraargs, runnum):
return os.path.join(config.outdir, 'searchlog_%s_%s_threads%d%s_run%d.csv' %
(self._index_pathbit(),
self.queryfile_pathbit(queryfile),
concurrency,
self.extraargs_pathbit(extraargs),
runnum))
def searchoutprefix(self, config, queryfile, concurrency, extraargs, runnum):
return os.path.join(config.outdir, 'search_%s_%s_threads%d%s_run%d_' %
(self._index_pathbit(),
self.queryfile_pathbit(queryfile),
concurrency,
self.extraargs_pathbit(extraargs),
runnum))
def searchdumpdir(self, config, queryfile, concurrency, extraargs, runnum):
return os.path.join(config.tmpdir, 'searchdump_%s_%s_threads%d%s_run%d' %
(self._index_pathbit(),
self.queryfile_pathbit(queryfile),
concurrency,
self.extraargs_pathbit(extraargs),
runnum))
if __name__ == '__main__':
config = parse_argv(sys.argv,
tmpdir='perftesttmpdir',
outdir='perftestoutdir',
preserve=False,
searchruns=5,
usedb=None)
for key in ('tmpdir', 'outdir', ):
setattr(config, key, os.path.abspath(getattr(config, key)))
# Build up a set of test runs to do.
config.testruns = []
# Comment out the index runs with different flush values for now.
if False:
testrun = TestRun("sampledata/wikipedia.dump", "wikipedia", flushspeed=1, maxdocs=1000, logspeed=10)
config.testruns.append(testrun)
testrun = TestRun("sampledata/wikipedia.dump", "wikipedia", flushspeed=10, maxdocs=1000, logspeed=10)
config.testruns.append(testrun)
testrun = TestRun("sampledata/wikipedia.dump", "wikipedia", 1000, maxdocs=10000)
config.testruns.append(testrun)
testrun = TestRun("sampledata/wikipedia.dump", "wikipedia", 10000)
config.testruns.append(testrun)
if config.usedb is None:
testrun = TestRun("sampledata/wikipedia.dump", "wikipedia", 100000)
else:
testrun = TestRun(config.usedb, "wikipedia", noindex=True)
testrun.add_query_run("sampledata/queries.txt", 1)
testrun.add_query_run("sampledata/queries.txt", 1, use_or=True)
testrun.add_query_run("sampledata/queries.txt", 10)
testrun.add_query_run("sampledata/queries.txt", 100)
testrun.add_query_run("sampledata/queries.txt", 1, sort="doclen")
testrun.add_query_run("sampledata/queries.txt", 1, collapse="doclen")
testrun.add_query_run("sampledata/queries.txt", 1, range=("doclen", 10000, 30000))
#testrun.add_query_run("sampledata/queries.txt", 1, getfacets=10)
#testrun.add_query_run("sampledata/queries.txt", 1, gettags=("tags",10))
config.testruns.append(testrun)
# Make directories (and ensure they're empty)
if not config.preserve:
if os.path.exists(config.outdir):
shutil.rmtree(config.outdir)
if os.path.exists(config.tmpdir):
shutil.rmtree(config.tmpdir)
if not os.path.exists(config.outdir):
os.mkdir(config.outdir)
if not os.path.exists(config.tmpdir):
os.mkdir(config.tmpdir)
# Do the indexing
for testrun in config.testruns:
if not testrun.noindex:
do_index(config, testrun)
analyse_index(config)
# Do the searching
for testrun in config.testruns:
do_search(config, testrun)
analyse_search(config)
xappy-0.5/perftest/searcher.py 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000011406 10703015433 016334 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
import os
import sys
import time
import thread
import threading
import getopt
import xappy
class TestRunner(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, tests, num):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.tests = tests
self.num = num
self.sconn = xappy.SearchConnection(tests.dbdir)
def run(self):
try:
while True:
querynum, query = self.tests.get_query()
query = query.strip()
querystart = time.time()
if self.tests.use_or:
parsedquery = self.sconn.query_parse(query,
default_op=self.sconn.OP_OR)
else:
parsedquery = self.sconn.query_parse(query)
if self.tests.range is not None:
rangequery = self.sconn.query_range(*self.tests.range)
parsedquery = self.sconn.query_filter(parsedquery, rangequery)
search_getfacets = (self.tests.getfacets is not None)
search_gettags = None
if self.tests.gettags is not None:
self.search_gettags = self.tests.gettags[0]
results = self.sconn.search(parsedquery, 0, 10,
sortby=self.tests.sort,
collapse=self.tests.collapse,
getfacets=search_getfacets,
gettags=search_gettags)
self.tests.log_search(self.num, querynum, results.matches_estimated, querystart, parsedquery.get_length(), query)
except StopIteration:
return
class QueryTests(object):
def __init__(self, queryfile=None, dbdir=None, logfile=None, threads=1,
sort=None, collapse=None, range=None, getfacets=None,
gettags=None, use_or=False):
self.queryfile = queryfile
self.dbdir = dbdir
self.logfile = logfile
self.qfd = open(queryfile)
self.logfd = open(logfile, "a")
self.logfd.write("Thread Num,Query Num,Count of queries with some matches,Estimated matches,Time (seconds),Elapsed Time(seconds)\n")
self.querycount = 0
self.matchingcount = 0
self.starttime = time.time()
self.threads = threads
self.use_or = use_or
self.sort = sort
self.collapse = collapse
self.range = range
self.getfacets = getfacets
self.gettags = gettags
self.mutex = threading.Lock()
def get_query(self):
self.mutex.acquire()
try:
q = self.qfd.readline()
if len(q) == 0:
raise StopIteration
self.querycount += 1
return self.querycount, q
finally:
self.mutex.release()
def log_search(self, threadnum, querynum, resultest, querystart, querylen, query):
self.mutex.acquire()
try:
try:
if resultest != 0:
self.matchingcount += 1
currtime = time.time()
self.logfd.write("%d,%d,%d,%d,%f,%f,%d,%r\n" % (threadnum,
querynum,
self.matchingcount,
resultest,
currtime - querystart,
currtime - self.starttime,
querylen,
query))
self.logfd.flush()
except StopIteration:
return
finally:
self.mutex.release()
def run(self):
for i in xrange(self.threads):
runner = TestRunner(self, i + 1)
runner.start()
runner.join()
xappy-0.5/perftest/setuppaths.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000002670 10702510046 016737 0 ustar richard richard # Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
r"""setuppaths.py: Setup sys.path
This is a special module which ensures that sys.path is set appropriately
simply by being imported.
To use, simply import it at the very start of any module which requires
use of xappy. This will allow the module to work with an uninstalled version
of xappy located relative to this path.
"""
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
import os
import sys
def setup_path():
"""Set up sys.path to allow us to import Xappy when run uninstalled.
"""
abspath = os.path.abspath(__file__)
dirname = os.path.dirname(abspath)
dirname = os.path.dirname(dirname)
if os.path.exists(os.path.join(dirname, 'xappy')):
sys.path.insert(0, dirname)
setup_path()
xappy-0.5/secore/ 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000000000 11005556727 013621 5 ustar richard richard xappy-0.5/secore/__init__.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000002313 10667533120 015724 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
"""Compatibility wrapper for Xappy.
Xappy used to be called "secore". To assist in migration to secore, this
simple compatibility wrapper is provided, which allows existing code which use:
>>> import secore
to work without changes. References to the "secore" name should be changed to
"xappy" whenever possible, however, since this compatibility wrapper will be
removed at some point.
"""
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
from xappy import *
xappy-0.5/secore/datastructures.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000001521 10667533345 017253 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
"""Compatibility wrapper for Xappy.
"""
from xappy.datastructures import *
xappy-0.5/secore/errors.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000001511 10667533467 015516 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
"""Compatibility wrapper for Xappy.
"""
from xappy.errors import *
xappy-0.5/secore/fieldactions.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000001517 10667533503 016643 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
"""Compatibility wrapper for Xappy.
"""
from xappy.fieldactions import *
xappy-0.5/secore/fieldmappings.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000001520 10667533512 017013 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
"""Compatibility wrapper for Xappy.
"""
from xappy.fieldmappings import *
xappy-0.5/secore/highlight.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000001514 10667533525 016147 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
"""Compatibility wrapper for Xappy.
"""
from xappy.highlight import *
xappy-0.5/secore/indexerconnection.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000001524 10667533534 017717 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
"""Compatibility wrapper for Xappy.
"""
from xappy.indexerconnection import *
xappy-0.5/secore/marshall.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000001513 10667533543 016002 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
"""Compatibility wrapper for Xappy.
"""
from xappy.marshall import *
xappy-0.5/secore/parsedate.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000001514 10667533551 016147 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
"""Compatibility wrapper for Xappy.
"""
from xappy.parsedate import *
xappy-0.5/secore/searchconnection.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000001523 10667533565 017531 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
"""Compatibility wrapper for Xappy.
"""
from xappy.searchconnection import *
xappy-0.5/testdata/ 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000000000 11005556727 014152 5 ustar richard richard xappy-0.5/testdata/query_sourcewords.txt 0000644 0001750 0001750 00003624513 10667526240 020535 0 ustar richard richard A
A's
Advent
Advent's
Advents
Africa
Africa's
African
Africans
Allah
Allah's
America
America's
American
Americana
Americana's
Americanism
Americanism's
Americanisms
Americans
Anglican
Anglicans
Anglo
Anglo's
Anglos
Antarctic
Antarctic's
Antarctica
Antarctica's
Apr
Apr's
April
April's
Aprils
Aquarius
Aquarius's
Aquariuses
Arab
Arab's
Arabic
Arabic's
Arabs
Arctic
Arctic's
Aries
Arieses
As
Asia
Asia's
Asian
Asians
AstroTurf
AstroTurfs
Atlantic
Atlantic's
Aug
Aug's
August
August's
Augusts
Australia
Australia's
Australian
Australian's
Australians
Ave
Ave's
Aves
B
B's
Baptist
Baptist's
Baptists
Bible
Bible's
Bibles
Black
Black's
Blacks
Blvd
Braille
Braille's
Brailled
Brailles
Brailling
Britain
Britain's
British
Britisher
Brown
Brown's
Brownie
Brownie's
Brownies
Buddha
Buddha's
Buddhas
Buddhism
Buddhism's
Buddhisms
Buddhist
Buddhist's
Buddhists
C
C's
Cabinet
Cabinets
Canadian
Canadians
Cancer
Cancer's
Cancers
Cantonese
Cantonese's
Capitol
Capitol's
Capitols
Capricorn
Capricorn's
Capricorns
Caribbean
Caribbeans
Catholic
Catholicism
Catholicism's
Catholicisms
Catholics
Caucasian
Caucasians
Celsius
Celsiuses
Chicano
Chicano's
Chicanos
Chinatown
Chinatown's
Chinatowns
Chinese
Christ
Christ's
Christian
Christian's
Christianities
Christianity
Christianity's
Christians
Christmas
Christmas's
Christmases
Christs
Ci
Co
Co's
Coke
Coke's
Cokes
Communion
Communion's
Communions
Confederacy
Confederacy's
Confederate
Confederates
Congress
Congress's
Congresses
Constitution
Cs
Cyrillic
D
D's
Dalmatian
Dalmatian's
Dalmatians
Danish
Dec
Dec's
December
December's
Decembers
Democrat
Democrat's
Democratic
Democrats
Dixie
Dixie's
Doctor
Dr
Dr's
Dumpster
Dumpsters
Dutch
Dutch's
E
E's
Earth
Easter
Easter's
Easters
Emmies
Emmy
Emmy's
Emmys
England
England's
English
English's
Englished
Englisher
Englishes
Englishing
Episcopalian
Episcopalians
Es
Eskimo
Eskimo's
Eskimos
Europe
Europe's
European
Europeans
F
F's
Fahrenheit
Fahrenheits
Father
Father's
Fathers
Feb
Feb's
Februaries
February
February's
Februarys
Fed
Fed's
Feds
French
French's
Frenched
Frenches
Frenching
Freudian
Freudians
Fri
Fri's
Friday
Friday's
Fridays
Frisbee
Frisbee's
Frisbees
G
G's
Gemini
Gemini's
Geminis
Gen
Gen's
German
German's
Germans
God
God's
Gospel
Gospel's
Gospels
Grammies
Grammy
Greek
Greek's
Greeks
H
H's
Halloween
Halloween's
Halloweens
Hanukkah
Hanukkah's
Hanukkahs
Hebrew
Hebrew's
Hebrews
Highness
Highness's
Hindu
Hindu's
Hinduism
Hinduism's
Hinduisms
Hindus
Hispanic
Hispanics
Hollywood
Hollywood's
Holocaust
House
House's
I
I'd
I'll
I'm
I've
Inc
Inc's
Indian
Indian's
Indians
Internet
Inuit
Inuit's
Inuits
Irish
Irisher
Islam
Islam's
Islamic
Islamics
Islams
Italian
Italian's
Italians
J
J's
Jacuzzi
Jacuzzis
Jan
Jan's
Januaries
January
January's
Januarys
Japanese
Japaneses
Jeep
Jeeps
Jesus
Jew
Jew's
Jewish
Jews
John
John's
Jr
Jr's
Judaism
Judaism's
Judaisms
Jul
Jul's
Julies
July
July's
Jun
Jun's
June
June's
Junes
Junior
Juniors
Jupiter
Jupiter's
K
K's
Kleenex
Kleenex's
Kleenexes
Koran
Koran's
Korans
Korean
Koreans
Kwanzaa
Kwanzaas
L
L's
Latin
Latin's
Latina
Latina's
Latinas
Latiner
Latino
Latinos
Latins
Laundromat
Laundromat's
Laundromats
Lent
Lent's
Lents
Leo
Leo's
Leos
Libra
Libra's
Libras
Ln
Lord
Lord's
Lords
Lutheran
Lutheran's
Lutherans
M
M's
Mace
Mace's
Maced
Maces
Macing
Mafia
Mafia's
Mafias
Mandarin
Maori
Maori's
Maoris
Mar
Mar's
March
March's
Marches
Marine
Marines
Mars
Martian
Martians
Marxism
Marxism's
Marxisms
Marxist
Marxist's
Marxists
Mason
Mason's
Masons
Mass
Masses
May
May's
Mays
McCoy
McCoy's
McCoys
Mecca
Mecca's
Meccas
Medicaid
Medicaid's
Medicaids
Medicare
Medicare's
Medicares
Mediterranean
Mediterranean's
Mediterraneans
Mercuries
Mercury
Mercury's
Messiah
Messiah's
Messiahs
Messrs
Messrs's
Methodist
Methodist's
Methodists
Mexican
Mexicans
Midwest
Midwest's
Midwestern
Miss
Miss's
Misses
Mister
Mister's
Mon
Mon's
Monday
Monday's
Mondays
Mons
Mormon
Mormon's
Mormons
Moslem
Moslem's
Moslems
Mount
Mount's
Mr
Mr's
Mrs
Ms
Mt
Mt's
Muhammad
Muhammad's
Muslim
Muslim's
Muslims
Muzak
Muzak's
Muzaks
N
N's
Nazi
Nazi's
Nazis
Negro
Negro's
Negroes
Neptune
Neptune's
Nov
Nov's
November
November's
Novembers
O
OK
OKs
Oct
Oct's
October
October's
Octobers
Olympic
Olympics
Orient
Orient's
Oriental
Orientals
Orients
Os
Oscar
Oscar's
Oscars
P
P's
Pacific
Pacific's
Passover
Passover's
Passovers
Pentagon
Pentagon's
Pharaoh
Pharaoh's
Pharaohs
Pilgrim
Pilgrims
Pisces
Pisces's
Pkwy
Pl
Plexiglas
Plexiglas's
Plexiglases
Pluto
Pluto's
Polaroid
Polaroid's
Polaroids
Pole
Pole's
Poles
Polish
Pope
Pope's
Popes
Popsicle
Popsicle's
Popsicles
Portuguese
Portuguese's
Presbyterian
Presbyterians
President
Presidents
Prof
Prohibition
Prohibition's
Prohibitions
Protestant
Protestant's
Protestants
Puritan
Puritan's
Puritans
Pyrex
Pyrex's
Pyrexes
Q
Q's
R
R's
Ramadan
Ramadan's
Ramadans
Rd
Rd's
Realtor
Realtors
Renaissance
Renaissance's
Renaissances
Rep
Rep's
Representative
Representatives
Republican
Republicans
Resurrection
Resurrection's
Resurrections
Rev
Rev's
Reverend
Rollerblade
Rollerblades
Roman
Romans
Rte
Russian
Russian's
Russians
S
S's
Sabbath
Sabbath's
Sabbaths
Sagittarius
Sagittarius's
Sagittariuses
Santa
Santa's
Sat
Sat's
Satan
Satan's
Saturday
Saturday's
Saturdays
Saturn
Saturn's
Savior
Savior's
Scandinavia
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Scandinavian
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Scorpio
Scorpio's
Scorpios
Scotch
Scotches
Scottish
Scripture
Scripture's
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Sec
Secretaries
Secretary
Sen
Senate
Senate's
Senates
Senator
Senior
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Sept
Sept's
September
September's
Septembers
Sgt
Sikh
Sikh's
Sikhism
Sikhism's
Sikhisms
Sikhs
Sister
Sisters
Soviet
Soviets
Spanish
Spanish's
Spartan
Spartans
Sq
Sq's
Sr
St
St's
Styrofoam
Styrofoams
Sun
Sunday
Sunday's
Sundays
Swiss
Swisses
T
T's
Taiwanese
Talmud
Talmud's
Talmuds
Taurus
Taurus's
Tauruses
Teflon
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Teflons
Terr
Terr's
Thanksgiving
Thanksgivings
Thermos
Thermos's
Thermoses
Thurs
Thursday
Thursday's
Thursdays
Trinities
Trinity
Trinity's
Tues
Tuesday
Tuesday's
Tuesdays
Tylenol
U
Uranus
Uranus's
V
V's
Velcro
Velcro's
Velcros
Venus
Venuses
Virgo
Virgo's
Virgos
W
W's
Walkman
Walkmans
Wed
Wed's
Wednesday
Wednesday's
Wednesdays
Welsh
Western
Westerner
Westerners
Westerns
White
White's
Whites
X
X's
Xerox
Xerox's
Xeroxed
Xeroxes
Xeroxing
Xmas
Xmas's
Xmases
Y
Y's
Yank
Yank's
Yankee
Yankee's
Yankees
Yanks
Yiddish
Yiddish's
Yuletide
Yuletides
Z
Z's
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aardvark
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abaci
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abduct
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aberration
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e
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himself
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o
o'clock
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odes
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of
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snail's
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snake's
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snappiest
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snapshots
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snare's
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snazziest
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sneakiest
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snigger's
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snipe's
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snob's
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snobbery's
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snobbiest
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snobby
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snooker's
snoop
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snootiest
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snore
snored
snores
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snorted
snorting
snorts
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snouts
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snow's
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snowball's
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snowfall's
snowfalls
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snowflake's
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snowiest
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snowman's
snowmen
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snowmobile's
snowmobiled
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snowplow's
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snowstorm's
snowstorms
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snuff
snuffed
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snuffs
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snugger
snuggest
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soap's
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soapier
soapiest
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soaps
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soar
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sobbed
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soberest
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sobers
sobriety
sobriety's
sobs
soccer
soccer's
sociable
sociables
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socialise
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socialist
socialist's
socialists
socialite
socialite's
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socially
socials
societies
society
society's
socioeconomic
sociological
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sociologists
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sociopath's
sociopaths
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soda
soda's
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sodding
sodium
sodium's
sodomy
sodomy's
sods
sofa
sofa's
sofas
soft
softball
softball's
softballs
soften
softened
softening
softens
softer
softest
softhearted
softie
softies
softly
softness
softness's
software
software's
softy
softy's
soggier
soggiest
soggy
soil
soil's
soiled
soiling
soils
sojourn
sojourn's
sojourned
sojourning
sojourns
solace
solace's
solaced
solaces
solacing
solar
sold
solder
solder's
soldered
soldering
solders
soldier
soldier's
soldiered
soldiering
soldiers
sole
soled
solely
solemn
solemner
solemnest
solemnity
solemnity's
solemnly
soles
soli
solicit
solicited
soliciting
solicitor
solicitor's
solicitors
solicitous
solicits
solid
solidarity
solidarity's
solider
solidest
solidified
solidifies
solidify
solidifying
solidity
solidly
solids
soliloquies
soliloquy
soliloquy's
soling
solitaire
solitaire's
solitaires
solitaries
solitary
solitude
solitude's
solo
solo's
soloed
soloing
soloist
soloist's
soloists
solos
soluble
solubles
solution
solution's
solutions
solvable
solve
solved
solvent
solvents
solves
solving
somber
sombrely
some
somebodies
somebody
someday
somehow
someone
someones
someplace
somersault
somersault's
somersaulted
somersaulting
somersaults
something
somethings
sometime
sometimes
someway
someways
somewhat
somewhats
somewhere
somewheres
son
son's
sonata
sonata's
sonatas
song
song's
songs
songwriter
songwriter's
songwriters
sonic
sonics
sonnet
sonnet's
sonnets
sonorous
sons
soon
sooner
soonest
soot
soot's
soothe
soothed
soother
soothes
soothest
soothing
soothingly
soothings
sootier
sootiest
sooty
sop
sop's
sophisticate
sophisticated
sophisticates
sophisticating
sophistication
sophistication's
sophistry
sophistry's
sophomore
sophomore's
sophomores
sophomoric
soporific
soporifics
sopped
sopping
soppings
soprano
soprano's
sopranos
sops
sorbet
sorbet's
sorbets
sorcerer
sorcerer's
sorcerers
sorceress
sorceresses
sorcery
sorcery's
sordid
sore
sored
sorely
soreness
sorer
sores
sorest
soring
sororities
sorority
sorority's
sorrier
sorriest
sorrow
sorrow's
sorrowed
sorrowful
sorrowfully
sorrowing
sorrows
sorry
sort
sort's
sorta
sorted
sorting
sorts
souffl
souffl's
souffls
sought
soul
soul's
soulful
souls
sound
sound's
sounded
sounder
soundest
sounding
soundly
soundness
soundness's
soundproof
soundproofed
soundproofing
soundproofs
sounds
soundtrack
soundtrack's
soundtracks
soup
soup's
souped
souping
soups
sour
source
source's
sourced
sources
sourcing
sourdough
sourdoughs
soured
sourer
sourest
souring
sourly
sourness
sourness's
sours
south
south's
southbound
southeast
southeast's
southeasterly
southeastern
southeastward
southerlies
southerly
southern
southerner
southerner's
southerners
southerns
southpaw
southpaw's
southpaws
southward
southwest
southwest's
southwesterly
southwestern
southwestward
souvenir
souvenir's
souvenirs
sovereign
sovereign's
sovereigns
sovereignty
sovereignty's
sow
sowed
sowing
sown
sows
sox
sox's
soybean
soybean's
soybeans
spa
spa's
space
space's
spacecraft
spacecraft's
spacecrafts
spaced
spaces
spaceship
spaceship's
spaceships
spacey
spacial
spacier
spaciest
spacing
spacing's
spacious
spaciousness
spaciousness's
spacy
spade
spade's
spaded
spades
spading
spaghetti
spaghetti's
span
span's
spangle
spangle's
spangled
spangles
spangling
spaniel
spaniel's
spanielled
spanielling
spaniels
spank
spanked
spanking
spanking's
spankings
spanks
spanned
spanner
spanner's
spanners
spanning
spans
spar
spar's
spare
spared
sparer
spares
sparest
sparing
sparingly
spark
spark's
sparked
sparking
sparkle
sparkled
sparkler
sparkler's
sparklers
sparkles
sparkling
sparks
sparred
sparrer
sparring
sparrow
sparrow's
sparrows
spars
sparse
sparsely
sparseness
sparser
sparsest
spas
spasm
spasm's
spasmed
spasming
spasmodic
spasms
spastic
spastics
spat
spat's
spate
spate's
spates
spatial
spats
spatted
spatter
spattered
spattering
spatters
spatting
spatula
spatula's
spatulas
spawn
spawn's
spawned
spawning
spawns
spay
spayed
spaying
spays
speak
speaker
speaker's
speakers
speaking
speaks
spear
spear's
speared
spearhead
spearhead's
spearheaded
spearheading
spearheads
spearing
spearmint
spearmint's
spears
special
specialer
specialisation
specialisation's
specialisations
specialise
specialised
specialises
specialising
specialist
specialist's
specialists
specialities
speciality
speciality's
specially
specials
species
specific
specifically
specification
specification's
specifications
specifics
specified
specifier
specifier's
specifies
specify
specifying
specimen
specimen's
specimens
specious
speck
speck's
specked
specking
speckle
speckled
speckles
speckling
specks
spectacle
spectacle's
spectacles
spectacular
spectacularly
spectaculars
spectator
spectator's
spectators
spectra
spectra's
spectre
spectre's
spectres
spectrum
spectrum's
spectrums
speculate
speculated
speculates
speculating
speculation
speculation's
speculations
speculative
speculator
speculator's
speculators
sped
speech
speech's
speeched
speeches
speeching
speechless
speed
speed's
speedboat
speedboat's
speedboats
speeded
speedier
speediest
speedily
speeding
speedometer
speedometer's
speedometers
speeds
speedway
speedway's
speedways
speedy
spell
spellbind
spellbinding
spellbinds
spellbound
speller
speller's
spelling
spelling's
spellings
spells
spelt
spend
spending
spends
spendthrift
spendthrift's
spendthrifts
spent
sperm
sperm's
sperms
spew
spewed
spewing
spews
sphere
sphere's
spheres
spherical
sphinges
sphinx
sphinx's
sphinxes
spice
spice's
spiced
spices
spicier
spiciest
spicing
spicy
spider
spider's
spiders
spied
spiel
spiel's
spieled
spieling
spiels
spies
spiffied
spiffier
spiffies
spiffiest
spiffy
spiffying
spigot
spigot's
spigots
spike
spike's
spiked
spikes
spiking
spill
spilling
spills
spilt
spin
spinach
spinach's
spinal
spinals
spindlier
spindliest
spindly
spine
spine's
spineless
spines
spinning
spinning's
spins
spinster
spinster's
spinsters
spiral
spiralled
spiralling
spirals
spire
spire's
spires
spirit
spirit's
spirited
spiriting
spirits
spiritual
spiritually
spirituals
spit
spite
spite's
spited
spiteful
spitefuller
spitefullest
spites
spiting
spits
spitted
spitting
spittle
spittle's
splash
splashed
splashes
splashier
splashiest
splashing
splashy
splat
splat's
splats
splatted
splatter
splattered
splattering
splatters
splatting
splay
splayed
splaying
splays
spleen
spleen's
spleens
splendid
splendider
splendidest
splendidly
splendour
splendour's
splice
spliced
splices
splicing
splint
splint's
splinted
splinter
splinter's
splintered
splintering
splinters
splinting
splints
split
splits
splits's
splitting
splittings
splurge
splurge's
splurged
splurges
splurging
spoil
spoiling
spoils
spoilsport
spoilsport's
spoilsports
spoilt
spoke
spoken
spokes
spokesman
spokesman's
spokesmen
spokespeople
spokesperson
spokespersons
spokeswoman
spokeswoman's
spokeswomen
sponge
sponge's
sponged
sponges
spongier
spongiest
sponging
spongy
sponsor
sponsor's
sponsored
sponsoring
sponsors
sponsorship
spontaneity
spontaneity's
spontaneous
spontaneously
spoof
spoof's
spoofed
spoofing
spoofs
spook
spook's
spooked
spookier
spookiest
spooking
spooks
spooky
spool
spool's
spooled
spooling
spools
spoon
spoon's
spooned
spoonful
spoonful's
spoonfuls
spooning
spoons
spoonsful
sporadic
sporadically
spore
spores
sporran
sporran's
sport
sport's
sported
sportier
sportiest
sporting
sports
sportscast
sportscast's
sportscasting
sportscasts
sportsman
sportsman's
sportsmanship
sportsmanship's
sportsmen
sportswear
sportswear's
sporty
spot
spot's
spotless
spotlight
spotlight's
spotlighted
spotlighting
spotlights
spots
spotted
spottier
spottiest
spotting
spotting's
spotty
spouse
spouse's
spouses
spout
spouted
spouting
spouts
sprain
sprained
spraining
sprains
sprang
sprangs
sprawl
sprawled
sprawling
sprawls
spray
spray's
sprayed
spraying
sprays
spread
spreading
spreads
spreadsheet
spreadsheets
spree
spree's
spreed
spreeing
sprees
sprier
spriest
sprig
sprig's
sprigs
spring
springboard
springboard's
springboards
springier
springiest
springing
springing's
springs
springtime
springtime's
springy
sprinkle
sprinkled
sprinkler
sprinkler's
sprinklers
sprinkles
sprinkling
sprinkling's
sprinklings
sprint
sprint's
sprinted
sprinter
sprinters
sprinting
sprints
sprout
sprouted
sprouting
sprouts
spruce
spruce's
spruced
sprucer
spruces
sprucest
sprucing
sprung
spry
spryer
spryest
spud
spud's
spuds
spun
spunk
spunk's
spunked
spunkier
spunkies
spunkiest
spunking
spunks
spunky
spur
spur's
spurious
spurn
spurned
spurning
spurns
spurred
spurring
spurs
spurt
spurted
spurting
spurts
sputter
sputtered
sputtering
sputters
spy
spy's
spying
squabble
squabbled
squabbles
squabbling
squad
squad's
squadded
squadding
squadron
squadron's
squadrons
squads
squalid
squalider
squalidest
squall
squall's
squalled
squalling
squalls
squalor
squalor's
squander
squandered
squandering
squanders
square
square's
squared
squarely
squarer
squares
squarest
squaring
squash
squashed
squashes
squashing
squat
squats
squatted
squatter
squatter's
squattered
squattering
squatters
squattest
squatting
squawk
squawk's
squawked
squawking
squawks
squeak
squeak's
squeaked
squeakier
squeakiest
squeaking
squeaks
squeaky
squeal
squeal's
squealed
squealing
squeals
squeamish
squeeze
squeezed
squeezes
squeezing
squelch
squelched
squelches
squelching
squid
squid's
squidded
squidding
squids
squint
squinted
squinter
squintest
squinting
squints
squire
squire's
squired
squires
squiring
squirm
squirmed
squirming
squirms
squirrel
squirrel's
squirrelled
squirrelling
squirrels
squirt
squirted
squirting
squirts
stab
stabbed
stabbing
stabbings
stabilise
stabilised
stabilises
stabilising
stability
stability's
stable
stable's
stabled
stabler
stables
stablest
stabling
stabs
stack
stack's
stacked
stacking
stacks
stadia
stadia's
stadium
stadium's
stadiums
staff
staff's
staffed
staffer
staffer's
staffers
staffing
staffs
stag
stag's
stage
stage's
stagecoach
stagecoach's
stagecoaches
staged
stages
stagger
staggered
staggering
staggeringly
staggerings
staggers
staging
staging's
stagings
stagnant
stagnate
stagnated
stagnates
stagnating
stagnation
stagnation's
stags
staid
staider
staidest
stain
stained
staining
stains
stair
stair's
staircase
staircase's
staircases
stairs
stairway
stairway's
stairways
stake
stake's
staked
stakeout
stakeout's
stakeouts
stakes
staking
stale
staled
stalemate
stalemate's
stalemated
stalemates
stalemating
staler
stales
stalest
staling
stalk
stalk's
stalked
stalker
stalker's
stalkers
stalking
stalkings
stalks
stall
stall's
stalled
stalling
stallion
stallion's
stallions
stalls
stalwart
stalwarts
stamina
stamina's
stammer
stammered
stammering
stammers
stamp
stamped
stampede
stampede's
stampeded
stampedes
stampeding
stamping
stamps
stance
stance's
stances
stanch
stanched
stancher
stanches
stanchest
stanching
stand
standard
standard's
standardisation
standardisation's
standardise
standardised
standardises
standardising
standards
standby
standbys
standing
standing's
standings
standoff
standoff's
standoffs
standout
standout's
standouts
standpoint
standpoint's
standpoints
stands
standstill
standstill's
standstills
stank
stanks
stanza
stanza's
stanzas
staple
staple's
stapled
stapler
stapler's
staplers
staples
stapling
star
star's
starboard
starboard's
starch
starch's
starched
starches
starchier
starchiest
starching
starchy
stardom
stardom's
stare
stared
stares
starfish
starfish's
starfishes
staring
stark
starked
starker
starkest
starking
starks
starlight
starlight's
starred
starrier
starriest
starring
starry
stars
start
started
starter
starter's
starters
starting
startle
startled
startles
startling
startlingly
starts
starvation
starvation's
starve
starved
starves
starving
starvings
stash
stashed
stashes
stashing
state
state's
stated
statelier
stateliest
stately
statement
statement's
statements
stater
states
statesman
statesman's
statesmanlike
statesmanship
statesmanship's
statesmen
statewide
static
stating
station
station's
stationary
stationed
stationery
stationery's
stationing
stations
statistic
statistic's
statistical
statistically
statistician
statistician's
statisticians
statistics
stats
statue
statue's
statues
stature
stature's
statures
status
status's
statuses
statute
statute's
statutes
statutory
staunch
staunched
stauncher
staunches
staunchest
staunching
staunchly
stave
stave's
staved
staves
staving
stay
stayed
staying
stays
steadfast
steadied
steadier
steadies
steadiest
steadily
steady
steadying
steak
steak's
steaks
steal
stealing
stealing's
steals
stealth
stealth's
stealthier
stealthiest
stealthily
stealthy
steam
steam's
steamboat
steamboat's
steamboats
steamed
steamier
steamies
steamiest
steaming
steamroll
steamrolled
steamroller
steamroller's
steamrollered
steamrollering
steamrollers
steamrolling
steamrolls
steams
steamy
steel
steel's
steeled
steeling
steels
steep
steeped
steeper
steepest
steeping
steeple
steeple's
steeples
steeply
steepness
steeps
steer
steered
steering
steers
stellar
stem
stem's
stemmed
stemming
stems
stench
stench's
stenched
stenches
stenching
stencil
stencil's
stencilled
stencilling
stencils
stenographer
stenographer's
stenographers
stenography
stenography's
step
step's
stepbrother
stepbrother's
stepbrothers
stepchild
stepchild's
stepchildren
stepdaughter
stepdaughter's
stepdaughters
stepfather
stepfather's
stepfathers
stepladder
stepladder's
stepladders
stepmother
stepmother's
stepmothers
stepped
stepping
steps
stepsister
stepsister's
stepsisters
stepson
stepson's
stepsons
stereo
stereos
stereotype
stereotype's
stereotyped
stereotypes
stereotypical
stereotyping
sterile
sterilisation
sterilisation's
sterilise
sterilised
sterilises
sterilising
sterility
sterility's
sterling
sterling's
stern
sterned
sterner
sternest
sterning
sternly
sternness
sterns
steroid
steroid's
steroids
stethoscope
stethoscope's
stethoscopes
stew
stew's
steward
steward's
stewarded
stewardess
stewardess's
stewardesses
stewarding
stewards
stewed
stewing
stews
stick
stick's
sticker
sticker's
stickers
stickied
stickier
stickies
stickiest
sticking
stickler
stickler's
sticklers
sticks
sticky
stickying
stiff
stiffed
stiffen
stiffened
stiffening
stiffens
stiffer
stiffest
stiffing
stiffly
stiffness
stiffness's
stiffs
stifle
stifled
stifles
stifling
stiflings
stigma
stigma's
stigmas
stigmata
stigmatise
stigmatised
stigmatises
stigmatising
still
stillbirth
stillbirth's
stillbirths
stillborn
stillborns
stilled
stiller
stillest
stilling
stillness
stillness's
stills
stilt
stilt's
stilted
stilts
stimulant
stimulant's
stimulants
stimulate
stimulated
stimulates
stimulating
stimulation
stimulation's
stimuli
stimuli's
stimulus
stimulus's
sting
stinger
stinger's
stingers
stingier
stingiest
stinginess
stinginess's
stinging
stings
stingy
stink
stinker
stinker's
stinkers
stinking
stinkings
stinks
stint
stinted
stinting
stints
stipend
stipend's
stipends
stipulate
stipulated
stipulates
stipulating
stipulation
stipulation's
stipulations
stir
stirred
stirring
stirrup
stirrup's
stirrups
stirs
stitch
stitch's
stitched
stitches
stitching
stitching's
stock
stock's
stockade
stockade's
stockaded
stockades
stockading
stockbroker
stockbroker's
stockbrokers
stocked
stockholder
stockholder's
stockholders
stockier
stockiest
stocking
stocking's
stockings
stockpile
stockpiled
stockpiles
stockpiling
stocks
stocky
stockyard
stockyard's
stockyards
stodgier
stodgiest
stodgy
stoic
stoic's
stoical
stoicism
stoicism's
stoics
stoke
stoked
stokes
stoking
stole
stolen
stoles
stolid
stolider
stolidest
stolidly
stomach
stomach's
stomachache
stomachache's
stomachaches
stomached
stomaching
stomachs
stomp
stomped
stomping
stomps
stone
stone's
stoned
stones
stonewall
stonewalled
stonewalling
stonewalls
stoney
stonier
stoniest
stoning
stony
stood
stool
stool's
stools
stoop
stooped
stooping
stoops
stop
stopgap
stopgap's
stopgaps
stoplight
stoplight's
stoplights
stopover
stopover's
stopovers
stoppage
stoppage's
stoppages
stopped
stopper
stopper's
stoppered
stoppering
stoppers
stopping
stopping's
stops
stops's
stopwatch
stopwatch's
stopwatches
storage
storage's
store
store's
stored
storehouse
storehouse's
storehouses
storekeeper
storekeeper's
storekeepers
storeroom
storeroom's
storerooms
stores
storey
storey's
storeys
stories
storing
stork
stork's
storks
storm
storm's
stormed
stormier
stormiest
storming
storms
stormy
story
story's
storyteller
storyteller's
storytellers
stout
stouter
stoutest
stove
stove's
stoves
stow
stowaway
stowaway's
stowaways
stowed
stowing
stows
straddle
straddled
straddles
straddling
straggle
straggled
straggler
stragglers
straggles
straggling
straight
straighted
straighten
straightened
straightening
straightens
straighter
straightest
straightforward
straightforwardly
straightforwards
straighting
straights
strain
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stratum
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streetcar
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streetlight
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streets
strength
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strongly
strove
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structuring
struggle
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strum
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strut
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stub
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stubbornness
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stud
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studentship
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stuffiest
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stump
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stupefied
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stupendous
stupid
stupider
stupidest
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stupidity's
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stupids
stupor
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stupors
sturdier
sturdiest
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subcommittee
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subgroup
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subject
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sublimest
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submarine
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subordinate
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subpoena's
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subprogram
subroutine
subroutine's
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subscribe
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subscripts
subsection
subsection's
subsections
subsequent
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subsidiaries
subsidiary
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subsist
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substantial
substantially
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substitution's
substitutions
subsystem
subterfuge
subterfuge's
subterfuges
subterranean
subtitle
subtitles
subtle
subtler
subtlest
subtleties
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subtlety's
subtly
subtract
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subtraction
subtraction's
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subtracts
suburb
suburb's
suburban
suburbans
suburbia
suburbia's
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subvert
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succeed
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success's
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succinctly
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succulents
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suds
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suffrage
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sugar
sugar's
sugared
sugarier
sugariest
sugaring
sugars
sugary
suggest
suggested
suggester
suggester's
suggestible
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suggestion
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suggestive
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suggests
suicidal
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suicide's
suicides
suing
suit
suit's
suitability
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suitcase
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suitors
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sum
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summeriest
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summertime
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summery
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summon
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sumptuous
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sundries
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sup
super
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superber
superbest
superbly
supercomputer
supercomputers
supered
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superficially
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superfluous
superhighway
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superhuman
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superior
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superlative
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supermarket
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supermarkets
supernatural
supernaturals
superpower
superpower's
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supers
superscript
superscripts
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superstar
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superstition
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superstructure
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supremacy
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supreme
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supremest
surcharge
surcharge's
surcharged
surcharges
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sweetie
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swirl
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swishest
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switches
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swoon
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swoop
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swordfish
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swordfishes
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syllabi
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syllable
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syllabus
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symphony
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synagogue's
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syndrome
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synopsis
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syntactic
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syntax's
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syphilised
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syphon
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syringe
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syringes
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syrup
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tabernacle
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tabs
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tackiest
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tadpole
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tail
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tailgate's
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taillight's
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tailpipe
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tails
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take
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takeoff
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takeout
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takeover
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taker
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takings
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tale
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talisman's
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talk
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taller
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tallow
tallow's
tally
tallying
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tambourine
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tames
tamest
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tangiest
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tangos
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tanker
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tannest
tanning
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tantalising
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tantamount
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tapeworm's
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tar
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tarantula's
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tardiest
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tarmac
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tarnished
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tarp
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tarps
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tartar
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taste
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tasteful
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tastes
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tattered
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tattering
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tattle
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tattletale
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tattletales
tattling
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tatty
taught
taunt
taunted
taunting
taunts
taut
tauted
tauter
tautest
tauting
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tautology's
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tavern
tavern's
taverns
tawdrier
tawdriest
tawdry
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tawniest
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tax
tax's
taxable
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taxidermy
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taxis
taxpayer
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yet
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zooming
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zucchini
zucchini's
zucchinis
clair
clair's
clairs
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PARADISE LOST
BOOK I.
Of Mans First Disobedience, and the Fruit
Of that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal tast
Brought Death into the World, and all our woe,
With loss of EDEN, till one greater Man
Restore us, and regain the blissful Seat,
Sing Heav'nly Muse, that on the secret top
Of OREB, or of SINAI, didst inspire
That Shepherd, who first taught the chosen Seed,
In the Beginning how the Heav'ns and Earth
Rose out of CHAOS: Or if SION Hill
Delight thee more, and SILOA'S Brook that flow'd
Fast by the Oracle of God; I thence
Invoke thy aid to my adventrous Song,
That with no middle flight intends to soar
Above th' AONIAN Mount, while it pursues
Things unattempted yet in Prose or Rhime.
And chiefly Thou O Spirit, that dost prefer
Before all Temples th' upright heart and pure,
Instruct me, for Thou know'st; Thou from the first
Wast present, and with mighty wings outspread
Dove-like satst brooding on the vast Abyss
And mad'st it pregnant: What in me is dark
Illumine, what is low raise and support;
That to the highth of this great Argument
I may assert th' Eternal Providence,
And justifie the wayes of God to men.
Say first, for Heav'n hides nothing from thy view
Nor the deep Tract of Hell, say first what cause
Mov'd our Grand Parents in that happy State,
Favour'd of Heav'n so highly, to fall off
From their Creator, and transgress his Will
For one restraint, Lords of the World besides?
Who first seduc'd them to that fowl revolt?
Th' infernal Serpent; he it was, whose guile
Stird up with Envy and Revenge, deceiv'd
The Mother of Mankinde, what time his Pride
Had cast him out from Heav'n, with all his Host
Of Rebel Angels, by whose aid aspiring
To set himself in Glory above his Peers,
He trusted to have equal'd the most High,
If he oppos'd; and with ambitious aim
Against the Throne and Monarchy of God
Rais'd impious War in Heav'n and Battel proud
With vain attempt. Him the Almighty Power
Hurld headlong flaming from th' Ethereal Skie
With hideous ruine and combustion down
To bottomless perdition, there to dwell
In Adamantine Chains and penal Fire,
Who durst defie th' Omnipotent to Arms.
Nine times the Space that measures Day and Night
To mortal men, he with his horrid crew
Lay vanquisht, rowling in the fiery Gulfe
Confounded though immortal: But his doom
Reserv'd him to more wrath; for now the thought
Both of lost happiness and lasting pain
Torments him; round he throws his baleful eyes
That witness'd huge affliction and dismay
Mixt with obdurate pride and stedfast hate:
At once as far as Angels kenn he views
The dismal Situation waste and wilde,
A Dungeon horrible, on all sides round
As one great Furnace flam'd, yet from those flames
No light, but rather darkness visible
Serv'd only to discover sights of woe,
Regions of sorrow, doleful shades, where peace
And rest can never dwell, hope never comes
That comes to all; but torture without end
Still urges, and a fiery Deluge, fed
With ever-burning Sulphur unconsum'd:
Such place Eternal Justice had prepar'd
For those rebellious, here their Prison ordain'd
In utter darkness, and their portion set
As far remov'd from God and light of Heav'n
As from the Center thrice to th' utmost Pole.
O how unlike the place from whence they fell!
There the companions of his fall, o'rewhelm'd
With Floods and Whirlwinds of tempestuous fire,
He soon discerns, and weltring by his side
One next himself in power, and next in crime,
Long after known in PALESTINE, and nam'd
BEELZEBUB. To whom th' Arch-Enemy,
And thence in Heav'n call'd Satan, with bold words
Breaking the horrid silence thus began.
If thou beest he; But O how fall'n! how chang'd
From him, who in the happy Realms of Light
Cloth'd with transcendent brightnes didst outshine
Myriads though bright: If he whom mutual league,
United thoughts and counsels, equal hope,
And hazard in the Glorious Enterprize,
Joynd with me once, now misery hath joynd
In equal ruin: into what Pit thou seest
From what highth fal'n, so much the stronger provd
He with his Thunder: and till then who knew
The force of those dire Arms? yet not for those
Nor what the Potent Victor in his rage
Can else inflict do I repent or change,
Though chang'd in outward lustre; that fixt mind
And high disdain, from sence of injur'd merit,
That with the mightiest rais'd me to contend,
And to the fierce contention brought along
Innumerable force of Spirits arm'd
That durst dislike his reign, and me preferring,
His utmost power with adverse power oppos'd
In dubious Battel on the Plains of Heav'n,
And shook his throne. What though the field be lost?
All is not lost; the unconquerable Will,
And study of revenge, immortal hate,
And courage never to submit or yield:
And what is else not to be overcome?
That Glory never shall his wrath or might
Extort from me. To bow and sue for grace
With suppliant knee, and deifie his power
Who from the terrour of this Arm so late
Doubted his Empire, that were low indeed,
That were an ignominy and shame beneath
This downfall; since by Fate the strength of Gods
And this Empyreal substance cannot fail,
Since through experience of this great event
In Arms not worse, in foresight much advanc't,
We may with more successful hope resolve
To wage by force or guile eternal Warr
Irreconcileable, to our grand Foe,
Who now triumphs, and in th' excess of joy
Sole reigning holds the Tyranny of Heav'n.
So spake th' Apostate Angel, though in pain,
Vaunting aloud, but rackt with deep despare:
And him thus answer'd soon his bold Compeer.
O Prince, O Chief of many Throned Powers,
That led th' imbattelld Seraphim to Warr
Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds
Fearless, endanger'd Heav'ns perpetual King;
And put to proof his high Supremacy,
Whether upheld by strength, or Chance, or Fate,
Too well I see and rue the dire event,
That with sad overthrow and foul defeat
Hath lost us Heav'n, and all this mighty Host
In horrible destruction laid thus low,
As far as Gods and Heav'nly Essences
Can Perish: for the mind and spirit remains
Invincible, and vigour soon returns,
Though all our Glory extinct, and happy state
Here swallow'd up in endless misery.
But what if he our Conquerour, (whom I now
Of force believe Almighty, since no less
Then such could hav orepow'rd such force as ours)
Have left us this our spirit and strength intire
Strongly to suffer and support our pains,
That we may so suffice his vengeful ire,
Or do him mightier service as his thralls
By right of Warr, what e're his business be
Here in the heart of Hell to work in Fire,
Or do his Errands in the gloomy Deep;
What can it then avail though yet we feel
Strength undiminisht, or eternal being
To undergo eternal punishment?
Whereto with speedy words th' Arch-fiend reply'd.
Fall'n Cherube, to be weak is miserable
Doing or Suffering: but of this be sure,
To do ought good never will be our task,
But ever to do ill our sole delight,
As being the contrary to his high will
Whom we resist. If then his Providence
Out of our evil seek to bring forth good,
Our labour must be to pervert that end,
And out of good still to find means of evil;
Which oft times may succeed, so as perhaps
Shall grieve him, if I fail not, and disturb
His inmost counsels from their destind aim.
But see the angry Victor hath recall'd
His Ministers of vengeance and pursuit
Back to the Gates of Heav'n: The Sulphurous Hail
Shot after us in storm, oreblown hath laid
The fiery Surge, that from the Precipice
Of Heav'n receiv'd us falling, and the Thunder,
Wing'd with red Lightning and impetuous rage,
Perhaps hath spent his shafts, and ceases now
To bellow through the vast and boundless Deep.
Let us not slip th' occasion, whether scorn,
Or satiate fury yield it from our Foe.
Seest thou yon dreary Plain, forlorn and wilde,
The seat of desolation, voyd of light,
Save what the glimmering of these livid flames
Casts pale and dreadful? Thither let us tend
From off the tossing of these fiery waves,
There rest, if any rest can harbour there,
And reassembling our afflicted Powers,
Consult how we may henceforth most offend
Our Enemy, our own loss how repair,
How overcome this dire Calamity,
What reinforcement we may gain from Hope,
If not what resolution from despare.
Thus Satan talking to his neerest Mate
With Head up-lift above the wave, and Eyes
That sparkling blaz'd, his other Parts besides
Prone on the Flood, extended long and large
Lay floating many a rood, in bulk as huge
As whom the Fables name of monstrous size,
TITANIAN, or EARTH-BORN, that warr'd on JOVE,
BRIARIOS or TYPHON, whom the Den
By ancient TARSUS held, or that Sea-beast
LEVIATHAN, which God of all his works
Created hugest that swim th' Ocean stream:
Him haply slumbring on the NORWAY foam
The Pilot of some small night-founder'd Skiff,
Deeming some Island, oft, as Sea-men tell,
With fixed Anchor in his skaly rind
Moors by his side under the Lee, while Night
Invests the Sea, and wished Morn delayes:
So stretcht out huge in length the Arch-fiend lay
Chain'd on the burning Lake, nor ever thence
Had ris'n or heav'd his head, but that the will
And high permission of all-ruling Heaven
Left him at large to his own dark designs,
That with reiterated crimes he might
Heap on himself damnation, while he sought
Evil to others, and enrag'd might see
How all his malice serv'd but to bring forth
Infinite goodness, grace and mercy shewn
On Man by him seduc't, but on himself
Treble confusion, wrath and vengeance pour'd.
Forthwith upright he rears from off the Pool
His mighty Stature; on each hand the flames
Drivn backward slope their pointing spires, & rowld
In billows, leave i'th' midst a horrid Vale.
Then with expanded wings he stears his flight
Aloft, incumbent on the dusky Air
That felt unusual weight, till on dry Land
He lights, if it were Land that ever burn'd
With solid, as the Lake with liquid fire;
And such appear'd in hue, as when the force
Of subterranean wind transports a Hill
Torn from PELORUS, or the shatter'd side
Of thundring AETNA, whose combustible
And fewel'd entrals thence conceiving Fire,
Sublim'd with Mineral fury, aid the Winds,
And leave a singed bottom all involv'd
With stench and smoak: Such resting found the sole
Of unblest feet. Him followed his next Mate,
Both glorying to have scap't the STYGIAN flood
As Gods, and by their own recover'd strength,
Not by the sufferance of supernal Power.
Is this the Region, this the Soil, the Clime,
Said then the lost Arch Angel, this the seat
That we must change for Heav'n, this mournful gloom
For that celestial light? Be it so, since hee
Who now is Sovran can dispose and bid
What shall be right: fardest from him is best
Whom reason hath equald, force hath made supream
Above his equals. Farewel happy Fields
Where Joy for ever dwells: Hail horrours, hail
Infernal world, and thou profoundest Hell
Receive thy new Possessor: One who brings
A mind not to be chang'd by Place or Time.
The mind is its own place, and in it self
Can make a Heav'n of Hell, a Hell of Heav'n.
What matter where, if I be still the same,
And what I should be, all but less then hee
Whom Thunder hath made greater? Here at least
We shall be free; th' Almighty hath not built
Here for his envy, will not drive us hence:
Here we may reign secure, and in my choyce
To reign is worth ambition though in Hell:
Better to reign in Hell, then serve in Heav'n.
But wherefore let we then our faithful friends,
Th' associates and copartners of our loss
Lye thus astonisht on th' oblivious Pool,
And call them not to share with us their part
In this unhappy Mansion, or once more
With rallied Arms to try what may be yet
Regaind in Heav'n, or what more lost in Hell?
So SATAN spake, and him BEELZEBUB
Thus answer'd. Leader of those Armies bright,
Which but th' Omnipotent none could have foyld,
If once they hear that voyce, their liveliest pledge
Of hope in fears and dangers, heard so oft
In worst extreams, and on the perilous edge
Of battel when it rag'd, in all assaults
Their surest signal, they will soon resume
New courage and revive, though now they lye
Groveling and prostrate on yon Lake of Fire,
As we erewhile, astounded and amaz'd,
No wonder, fall'n such a pernicious highth.
He scarce had ceas't when the superiour Fiend
Was moving toward the shore; his ponderous shield
Ethereal temper, massy, large and round,
Behind him cast; the broad circumference
Hung on his shoulders like the Moon, whose Orb
Through Optic Glass the TUSCAN Artist views
At Ev'ning from the top of FESOLE,
Or in VALDARNO, to descry new Lands,
Rivers or Mountains in her spotty Globe.
His Spear, to equal which the tallest Pine
Hewn on NORWEGIAN hills, to be the Mast
Of some great Ammiral, were but a wand,
He walkt with to support uneasie steps
Over the burning Marle, not like those steps
On Heavens Azure, and the torrid Clime
Smote on him sore besides, vaulted with Fire;
Nathless he so endur'd, till on the Beach
Of that inflamed Sea, he stood and call'd
His Legions, Angel Forms, who lay intrans't
Thick as Autumnal Leaves that strow the Brooks
In VALLOMBROSA, where th' ETRURIAN shades
High overarch't imbowr; or scatterd sedge
Afloat, when with fierce Winds ORION arm'd
Hath vext the Red-Sea Coast, whose waves orethrew
BUSIRIS and his MEMPHIAN Chivalrie,
VVhile with perfidious hatred they pursu'd
The Sojourners of GOSHEN, who beheld
From the safe shore their floating Carkases
And broken Chariot Wheels, so thick bestrown
Abject and lost lay these, covering the Flood,
Under amazement of their hideous change.
He call'd so loud, that all the hollow Deep
Of Hell resounded. Princes, Potentates,
Warriers, the Flowr of Heav'n, once yours, now lost,
If such astonishment as this can sieze
Eternal spirits; or have ye chos'n this place
After the toyl of Battel to repose
Your wearied vertue, for the ease you find
To slumber here, as in the Vales of Heav'n?
Or in this abject posture have ye sworn
To adore the Conquerour? who now beholds
Cherube and Seraph rowling in the Flood
With scatter'd Arms and Ensigns, till anon
His swift pursuers from Heav'n Gates discern
Th' advantage, and descending tread us down
Thus drooping, or with linked Thunderbolts
Transfix us to the bottom of this Gulfe.
Awake, arise, or be for ever fall'n.
They heard, and were abasht, and up they sprung
Upon the wing, as when men wont to watch
On duty, sleeping found by whom they dread,
Rouse and bestir themselves ere well awake.
Nor did they not perceave the evil plight
In which they were, or the fierce pains not feel;
Yet to their Generals Voyce they soon obeyd
Innumerable. As when the potent Rod
Of AMRAMS Son in EGYPTS evill day
Wav'd round the Coast, up call'd a pitchy cloud
Of LOCUSTS, warping on the Eastern Wind,
That ore the Realm of impious PHAROAH hung
Like Night, and darken'd all the Land of NILE:
So numberless were those bad Angels seen
Hovering on wing under the Cope of Hell
'Twixt upper, nether, and surrounding Fires;
Till, as a signal giv'n, th' uplifted Spear
Of their great Sultan waving to direct
Thir course, in even ballance down they light
On the firm brimstone, and fill all the Plain;
A multitude, like which the populous North
Pour'd never from her frozen loyns, to pass
RHENE or the DANAW, when her barbarous Sons
Came like a Deluge on the South, and spread
Beneath GIBRALTAR to the LYBIAN sands.
Forthwith from every Squadron and each Band
The Heads and Leaders thither hast where stood
Their great Commander; Godlike shapes and forms
Excelling human, Princely Dignities,
And Powers that earst in Heaven sat on Thrones;
Though of their Names in heav'nly Records now
Be no memorial, blotted out and ras'd
By thir Rebellion, from the Books of Life.
Nor had they yet among the Sons of EVE
Got them new Names, till wandring ore the Earth,
Through Gods high sufferance for the tryal of man,
By falsities and lyes the greatest part
Of Mankind they corrupted to forsake
God their Creator, and th' invisible
Glory of him, that made them, to transform
Oft to the Image of a Brute, adorn'd
With gay Religions full of Pomp and Gold,
And Devils to adore for Deities:
Then were they known to men by various Names,
And various Idols through the Heathen World.
Say, Muse, their Names then known, who first, who last,
Rous'd from the slumber, on that fiery Couch,
At thir great Emperors call, as next in worth
Came singly where he stood on the bare strand,
While the promiscuous croud stood yet aloof?
The chief were those who from the Pit of Hell
Roaming to seek their prey on earth, durst fix
Their Seats long after next the Seat of God,
Their Altars by his Altar, Gods ador'd
Among the Nations round, and durst abide
JEHOVAH thundring out of SION, thron'd
Between the Cherubim; yea, often plac'd
Within his Sanctuary it self their Shrines,
Abominations; and with cursed things
His holy Rites, and solemn Feasts profan'd,
And with their darkness durst affront his light.
First MOLOCH, horrid King besmear'd with blood
Of human sacrifice, and parents tears,
Though for the noyse of Drums and Timbrels loud
Their childrens cries unheard, that past through fire
To his grim Idol. Him the AMMONITE
Worshipt in RABBA and her watry Plain,
In ARGOB and in BASAN, to the stream
Of utmost ARNON. Nor content with such
Audacious neighbourhood, the wisest heart
Of SOLOMON he led by fraud to build
His Temple right against the Temple of God
On that opprobrious Hill, and made his Grove
The pleasant Vally of HINNOM, TOPHET thence
And black GEHENNA call'd, the Type of Hell.
Next CHEMOS, th' obscene dread of MOABS Sons,
From AROER to NEBO, and the wild
Of Southmost ABARIM; in HESEBON
And HERONAIM, SEONS Realm, beyond
The flowry Dale of SIBMA clad with Vines,
And ELEALE to th' ASPHALTICK Pool.
PEOR his other Name, when he entic'd
ISRAEL in SITTIM on their march from NILE
To do him wanton rites, which cost them woe.
Yet thence his lustful Orgies he enlarg'd
Even to that Hill of scandal, by the Grove
Of MOLOCH homicide, lust hard by hate;
Till good JOSIAH drove them thence to Hell.
With these came they, who from the bordring flood
Of old EUPHRATES to the Brook that parts
EGYPT from SYRIAN ground, had general Names
Of BAALIM and ASHTAROTH, those male,
These Feminine. For Spirits when they please
Can either Sex assume, or both; so soft
And uncompounded is their Essence pure,
Not ti'd or manacl'd with joynt or limb,
Nor founded on the brittle strength of bones,
Like cumbrous flesh; but in what shape they choose
Dilated or condens't, bright or obscure,
Can execute their aerie purposes,
And works of love or enmity fulfill.
For those the Race of ISRAEL oft forsook
Their living strength, and unfrequented left
His righteous Altar, bowing lowly down
To bestial Gods; for which their heads as low
Bow'd down in Battel, sunk before the Spear
Of despicable foes. With these in troop
Came ASTORETH, whom the PHOENICIANS call'd
ASTARTE, Queen of Heav'n, with crescent Horns;
To whose bright Image nightly by the Moon
SIDONIAN Virgins paid their Vows and Songs,
In SION also not unsung, where stood
Her Temple on th' offensive Mountain, built
By that uxorious King, whose heart though large,
Beguil'd by fair Idolatresses, fell
To Idols foul. THAMMUZ came next behind,
Whose annual wound in LEBANON allur'd
The SYRIAN Damsels to lament his fate
In amorous dittyes all a Summers day,
While smooth ADONIS from his native Rock
Ran purple to the Sea, suppos'd with blood
Of THAMMUZ yearly wounded: the Love-tale
Infected SIONS daughters with like heat,
Whose wanton passions in the sacred Porch
EZEKIEL saw, when by the Vision led
His eye survay'd the dark Idolatries
Of alienated JUDAH. Next came one
Who mourn'd in earnest, when the Captive Ark
Maim'd his brute Image, head and hands lopt off
In his own Temple, on the grunsel edge,
Where he fell flat, and sham'd his Worshipers:
DAGON his Name, Sea Monster, upward Man
And downward Fish: yet had his Temple high
Rear'd in AZOTUS, dreaded through the Coast
Of PALESTINE, in GATH and ASCALON,
And ACCARON and GAZA's frontier bounds.
Him follow'd RIMMON, whose delightful Seat
Was fair DAMASCUS, on the fertil Banks
Of ABBANA and PHARPHAR, lucid streams.
He also against the house of God was bold:
A Leper once he lost and gain'd a King,
AHAZ his sottish Conquerour, whom he drew
Gods Altar to disparage and displace
For one of SYRIAN mode, whereon to burn
His odious offrings, and adore the Gods
Whom he had vanquisht. After these appear'd
A crew who under Names of old Renown,
OSIRIS, ISIS, ORUS and their Train
With monstrous shapes and sorceries abus'd
Fanatic EGYPT and her Priests, to seek
Thir wandring Gods disguis'd in brutish forms
Rather then human. Nor did ISRAEL scape
Th' infection when their borrow'd Gold compos'd
The Calf in OREB: and the Rebel King
Doubl'd that sin in BETHEL and in DAN,
Lik'ning his Maker to the Grazed Ox,
JEHOVAH, who in one Night when he pass'd
From EGYPT marching, equal'd with one stroke
Both her first born and all her bleating Gods.
BELIAL came last, then whom a Spirit more lewd
Fell not from Heaven, or more gross to love
Vice for it self: To him no Temple stood
Or Altar smoak'd; yet who more oft then hee
In Temples and at Altars, when the Priest
Turns Atheist, as did ELY'S Sons, who fill'd
With lust and violence the house of God.
In Courts and Palaces he also Reigns
And in luxurious Cities, where the noyse
Of riot ascends above thir loftiest Towrs,
And injury and outrage: And when Night
Darkens the Streets, then wander forth the Sons
Of BELIAL, flown with insolence and wine.
Witness the Streets of SODOM, and that night
In GIBEAH, when hospitable Dores
Yielded thir Matrons to prevent worse rape.
These were the prime in order and in might;
The rest were long to tell, though far renown'd,
Th' IONIAN Gods, of JAVANS Issue held
Gods, yet confest later then Heav'n and Earth
Thir boasted Parents; TITAN Heav'ns first born
With his enormous brood, and birthright seis'd
By younger SATURN, he from mightier JOVE
His own and RHEA'S Son like measure found;
So JOVE usurping reign'd: these first in CREET
And IDA known, thence on the Snowy top
Of cold OLYMPUS rul'd the middle Air
Thir highest Heav'n; or on the DELPHIAN Cliff,
Or in DODONA, and through all the bounds
Of DORIC Land; or who with SATURN old
Fled over ADRIA to th' HESPERIAN Fields,
And ore the CELTIC roam'd the utmost Isles.
All these and more came flocking; but with looks
Down cast and damp, yet such wherein appear'd
Obscure som glimps of joy, to have found thir chief
Not in despair, to have found themselves not lost
In loss it self; which on his count'nance cast
Like doubtful hue: but he his wonted pride
Soon recollecting, with high words, that bore
Semblance of worth not substance, gently rais'd
Their fainted courage, and dispel'd their fears.
Then strait commands that at the warlike sound
Of Trumpets loud and Clarions be upreard
His mighty Standard; that proud honour claim'd
AZAZEL as his right, a Cherube tall:
Who forthwith from the glittering Staff unfurld
Th' Imperial Ensign, which full high advanc't
Shon like a Meteor streaming to the Wind
With Gemms and Golden lustre rich imblaz'd,
Seraphic arms and Trophies: all the while
Sonorous mettal blowing Martial sounds:
At which the universal Host upsent
A shout that tore Hells Concave, and beyond
Frighted the Reign of CHAOS and old Night.
All in a moment through the gloom were seen
Ten thousand Banners rise into the Air
With Orient Colours waving: with them rose
A Forrest huge of Spears: and thronging Helms
Appear'd, and serried Shields in thick array
Of depth immeasurable: Anon they move
In perfect PHALANX to the Dorian mood
Of Flutes and soft Recorders; such as rais'd
To highth of noblest temper Hero's old
Arming to Battel, and in stead of rage
Deliberate valour breath'd, firm and unmov'd
With dread of death to flight or foul retreat,
Nor wanting power to mitigate and swage
With solemn touches, troubl'd thoughts, and chase
Anguish and doubt and fear and sorrow and pain
From mortal or immortal minds. Thus they
Breathing united force with fixed thought
Mov'd on in silence to soft Pipes that charm'd
Thir painful steps o're the burnt soyle; and now
Advanc't in view they stand, a horrid Front
Of dreadful length and dazling Arms, in guise
Of Warriers old with order'd Spear and Shield,
Awaiting what command thir mighty Chief
Had to impose: He through the armed Files
Darts his experienc't eye, and soon traverse
The whole Battalion views, thir order due,
Thir visages and stature as of Gods,
Thir number last he summs. And now his heart
Distends with pride, and hardning in his strength
Glories: For never since created man,
Met such imbodied force, as nam'd with these
Could merit more then that small infantry
Warr'd on by Cranes: though all the Giant brood
Of PHLEGRA with th' Heroic Race were joyn'd
That fought at THEB'S and ILIUM, on each side
Mixt with auxiliar Gods; and what resounds
In Fable or ROMANCE of UTHERS Son
Begirt with BRITISH and ARMORIC Knights;
And all who since, Baptiz'd or Infidel
Jousted in ASPRAMONT or MONTALBAN,
DAMASCO, or MAROCCO, or TREBISOND,
Or whom BISERTA sent from AFRIC shore
When CHARLEMAIN with all his Peerage fell
By FONTARABBIA. Thus far these beyond
Compare of mortal prowess, yet observ'd
Thir dread Commander: he above the rest
In shape and gesture proudly eminent
Stood like a Towr; his form had yet not lost
All her Original brightness, nor appear'd
Less then Arch Angel ruind, and th' excess
Of Glory obscur'd: As when the Sun new ris'n
Looks through the Horizontal misty Air
Shorn of his Beams, or from behind the Moon
In dim Eclips disastrous twilight sheds
On half the Nations, and with fear of change
Perplexes Monarchs. Dark'n'd so, yet shon
Above them all th' Arch Angel: but his face
Deep scars of Thunder had intrencht, and care
Sat on his faded cheek, but under Browes
Of dauntless courage, and considerate Pride
Waiting revenge: cruel his eye, but cast
Signs of remorse and passion to behold
The fellows of his crime, the followers rather
(Far other once beheld in bliss) condemn'd
For ever now to have their lot in pain,
Millions of Spirits for his fault amerc't
Of Heav'n, and from Eternal Splendors flung
For his revolt, yet faithfull how they stood,
Thir Glory witherd. As when Heavens Fire
Hath scath'd the Forrest Oaks, or Mountain Pines,
With singed top their stately growth though bare
Stands on the blasted Heath. He now prepar'd
To speak; whereat their doubl'd Ranks they bend
From Wing to Wing, and half enclose him round
With all his Peers: attention held them mute.
Thrice he assayd, and thrice in spite of scorn,
Tears such as Angels weep, burst forth: at last
Words interwove with sighs found out their way.
O Myriads of immortal Spirits, O Powers
Matchless, but with th' Almighty, and that strife
Was not inglorious, though th' event was dire,
As this place testifies, and this dire change
Hateful to utter: but what power of mind
Foreseeing or presaging, from the Depth
Of knowledge past or present, could have fear'd,
How such united force of Gods, how such
As stood like these, could ever know repulse?
For who can yet beleeve, though after loss,
That all these puissant Legions, whose exile
Hath emptied Heav'n, shall faile to re-ascend
Self-rais'd, and repossess their native seat.
For me, be witness all the Host of Heav'n,
If counsels different, or danger shun'd
By me, have lost our hopes. But he who reigns
Monarch in Heav'n, till then as one secure
Sat on his Throne, upheld by old repute,
Consent or custome, and his Regal State
Put forth at full, but still his strength conceal'd,
Which tempted our attempt, and wrought our fall.
Henceforth his might we know, and know our own
So as not either to provoke, or dread
New warr, provok't; our better part remains
To work in close design, by fraud or guile
What force effected not: that he no less
At length from us may find, who overcomes
By force, hath overcome but half his foe.
Space may produce new Worlds; whereof so rife
There went a fame in Heav'n that he ere long
Intended to create, and therein plant
A generation, whom his choice regard
Should favour equal to the Sons of Heaven:
Thither, if but to prie, shall be perhaps
Our first eruption, thither or elsewhere:
For this Infernal Pit shall never hold
Caelestial Spirits in Bondage, nor th' Abysse
Long under darkness cover. But these thoughts
Full Counsel must mature: Peace is despaird,
For who can think Submission? Warr then, Warr
Open or understood must be resolv'd.
He spake: and to confirm his words, out-flew
Millions of flaming swords, drawn from the thighs
Of mighty Cherubim; the sudden blaze
Far round illumin'd hell: highly they rag'd
Against the Highest, and fierce with grasped arm's
Clash'd on their sounding shields the din of war,
Hurling defiance toward the vault of Heav'n.
There stood a Hill not far whose griesly top
Belch'd fire and rowling smoak; the rest entire
Shon with a glossie scurff, undoubted sign
That in his womb was hid metallic Ore,
The work of Sulphur. Thither wing'd with speed
A numerous Brigad hasten'd. As when bands
Of Pioners with Spade and Pickaxe arm'd
Forerun the Royal Camp, to trench a Field,
Or cast a Rampart. MAMMON led them on,
MAMMON, the least erected Spirit that fell
From heav'n, for ev'n in heav'n his looks & thoughts
Were always downward bent, admiring more
The riches of Heav'ns pavement, trod'n Gold,
Then aught divine or holy else enjoy'd
In vision beatific: by him first
Men also, and by his suggestion taught,
Ransack'd the Center, and with impious hands
Rifl'd the bowels of thir mother Earth
For Treasures better hid. Soon had his crew
Op'nd into the Hill a spacious wound
And dig'd out ribs of Gold. Let none admire
That riches grow in Hell; that soyle may best
Deserve the pretious bane. And here let those
Who boast in mortal things, and wondring tell
Of BABEL, and the works of MEMPHIAN Kings,
Learn how thir greatest Monuments of Fame,
And Strength and Art are easily outdone
By Spirits reprobate, and in an hour
What in an age they with incessant toyle
And hands innumerable scarce perform
Nigh on the Plain in many cells prepar'd,
That underneath had veins of liquid fire
Sluc'd from the Lake, a second multitude
With wondrous Art founded the massie Ore,
Severing each kinde, and scum'd the Bullion dross:
A third as soon had form'd within the ground
A various mould, and from the boyling cells
By strange conveyance fill'd each hollow nook,
As in an Organ from one blast of wind
To many a row of Pipes the sound-board breaths.
Anon out of the earth a Fabrick huge
Rose like an Exhalation, with the sound
Of Dulcet Symphonies and voices sweet,
Built like a Temple, where PILASTERS round
Were set, and Doric pillars overlaid
With Golden Architrave; nor did there want
Cornice or Freeze, with bossy Sculptures grav'n,
The Roof was fretted Gold. Not BABILON,
Nor great ALCAIRO such magnificence
Equal'd in all thir glories, to inshrine
BELUS or SERAPIS thir Gods, or seat
Thir Kings, when AEGYPT with ASSYRIA strove
In wealth and luxurie. Th' ascending pile
Stood fixt her stately highth, and strait the dores
Op'ning thir brazen foulds discover wide
Within, her ample spaces, o're the smooth
And level pavement: from the arched roof
Pendant by suttle Magic many a row
Of Starry Lamps and blazing Cressets fed
With Naphtha and ASPHALTUS yeilded light
As from a sky. The hasty multitude
Admiring enter'd, and the work some praise
And some the Architect: his hand was known
In Heav'n by many a Towred structure high,
Where Scepter'd Angels held thir residence,
And sat as Princes, whom the supreme King
Exalted to such power, and gave to rule,
Each in his Herarchie, the Orders bright.
Nor was his name unheard or unador'd
In ancient Greece; and in AUSONIAN land
Men call'd him MULCIBER; and how he fell
From Heav'n, they fabl'd, thrown by angry JOVE
Sheer o're the Chrystal Battlements: from Morn
To Noon he fell, from Noon to dewy Eve,
A Summers day; and with the setting Sun
Dropt from the Zenith like a falling Star,
On LEMNOS th' AEGAEAN Ile: thus they relate,
Erring; for he with this rebellious rout
Fell long before; nor aught avail'd him now
To have built in Heav'n high Towrs; nor did he scape
By all his Engins, but was headlong sent
With his industrious crew to build in hell.
Mean while the winged Haralds by command
Of Sovran power, with awful Ceremony
And Trumpets sound throughout the Host proclaim
A solemn Councel forthwith to be held
At PANDAEMONIUM, the high Capital
Of Satan and his Peers: thir summons call'd
From every and Band squared Regiment
By place or choice the worthiest; they anon
With hundreds and with thousands trooping came
Attended: all access was throng'd, the Gates
And Porches wide, but chief the spacious Hall
(Though like a cover'd field, where Champions bold
Wont ride in arm'd, and at the Soldans chair
Defi'd the best of Panim chivalry
To mortal combat or carreer with Lance)
Thick swarm'd, both on the ground and in the air,
Brusht with the hiss of russling wings. As Bees
In spring time, when the Sun with Taurus rides,
Poure forth thir populous youth about the Hive
In clusters; they among fresh dews and flowers
Flie to and fro, or on the smoothed Plank,
The suburb of thir Straw-built Cittadel,
New rub'd with Baume, expatiate and confer
Thir State affairs. So thick the aerie crowd
Swarm'd and were straitn'd; till the Signal giv'n,
Behold a wonder! they but now who seemd
In bigness to surpass Earths Giant Sons
Now less then smallest Dwarfs, in narrow room
Throng numberless, like that Pigmean Race
Beyond the INDIAN Mount, or Faerie Elves,
Whose midnight Revels, by a Forrest side
Or Fountain fome belated Peasant sees,
Or dreams he sees, while over head the Moon
Sits Arbitress, and neerer to the Earth
Wheels her pale course, they on thir mirth & dance
Intent, with jocond Music charm his ear;
At once with joy and fear his heart rebounds.
Thus incorporeal Spirits to smallest forms
Reduc'd thir shapes immense, and were at large,
Though without number still amidst the Hall
Of that infernal Court. But far within
And in thir own dimensions like themselves
The great Seraphic Lords and Cherubim
In close recess and secret conclave sat
A thousand Demy-Gods on golden seat's,
Frequent and full. After short silence then
And summons read, the great consult began.
THE END OF THE FIRST BOOK.
PARADISE LOST
BOOK II.
High on a Throne of Royal State, which far
Outshon the wealth of ORMUS and of IND,
Or where the gorgeous East with richest hand
Showrs on her Kings BARBARIC Pearl & Gold,
Satan exalted sat, by merit rais'd
To that bad eminence; and from despair
Thus high uplifted beyond hope, aspires
Beyond thus high, insatiate to pursue
Vain Warr with Heav'n, and by success untaught
His proud imaginations thus displaid.
Powers and Dominions, Deities of Heav'n,
For since no deep within her gulf can hold
Immortal vigor, though opprest and fall'n,
I give not Heav'n for lost. From this descent
Celestial vertues rising, will appear
More glorious and more dread then from no fall,
And trust themselves to fear no second fate:
Mee though just right, and the fixt Laws of Heav'n
Did first create your Leader, next, free choice,
With what besides, in Counsel or in Fight,
Hath bin achievd of merit, yet this loss
Thus farr at least recover'd, hath much more
Establisht in a safe unenvied Throne
Yeilded with full consent. The happier state
In Heav'n, which follows dignity, might draw
Envy from each inferior; but who here
Will envy whom the highest place exposes
Formost to stand against the Thunderers aime
Your bulwark, and condemns to greatest share
Of endless pain? where there is then no good
For which to strive, no strife can grow up there
From Faction; for none sure will claim in hell
Precedence, none, whose portion is so small
Of present pain, that with ambitious mind
Will covet more. With this advantage then
To union, and firm Faith, and firm accord,
More then can be in Heav'n, we now return
To claim our just inheritance of old,
Surer to prosper then prosperity
Could have assur'd us; and by what best way,
Whether of open Warr or covert guile,
We now debate; who can advise, may speak.
He ceas'd, and next him MOLOC, Scepter'd King
Stood up, the strongest and the fiercest Spirit
That fought in Heav'n; now fiercer by despair:
His trust was with th' Eternal to be deem'd
Equal in strength, and rather then be less
Car'd not to be at all; with that care lost
Went all his fear: of God, or Hell, or worse
He reckd not, and these words thereafter spake.
My sentence is for open Warr: Of Wiles,
More unexpert, I boast not: them let those
Contrive who need, or when they need, not now.
For while they sit contriving, shall the rest,
Millions that stand in Arms, and longing wait
The Signal to ascend, sit lingring here
Heav'ns fugitives, and for thir dwelling place
Accept this dark opprobrious Den of shame,
The Prison of his Tyranny who Reigns
By our delay? no, let us rather choose
Arm'd with Hell flames and fury all at once
O're Heav'ns high Towrs to force resistless way,
Turning our Tortures into horrid Arms
Against the Torturer; when to meet the noise
Of his Almighty Engin he shall hear
Infernal Thunder, and for Lightning see
Black fire and horror shot with equal rage
Among his Angels; and his Throne it self
Mixt with TARTAREAN Sulphur, and strange fire,
His own invented Torments. But perhaps
The way seems difficult and steep to scale
With upright wing against a higher foe.
Let such bethink them, if the sleepy drench
Of that forgetful Lake benumme not still,
That in our proper motion we ascend
Up to our native seat: descent and fall
To us is adverse. Who but felt of late
When the fierce Foe hung on our brok'n Rear
Insulting, and pursu'd us through the Deep,
With what compulsion and laborious flight
We sunk thus low? Th' ascent is easie then;
Th' event is fear'd; should we again provoke
Our stronger, some worse way his wrath may find
To our destruction: if there be in Hell
Fear to be worse destroy'd: what can be worse
Then to dwell here, driv'n out from bliss, condemn'd
In this abhorred deep to utter woe;
Where pain of unextinguishable fire
Must exercise us without hope of end
The Vassals of his anger, when the Scourge
Inexorably, and the torturing houre
Calls us to Penance? More destroy'd then thus
We should be quite abolisht and expire.
What fear we then? what doubt we to incense
His utmost ire? which to the highth enrag'd,
Will either quite consume us, and reduce
To nothing this essential, happier farr
Then miserable to have eternal being:
Or if our substance be indeed Divine,
And cannot cease to be, we are at worst
On this side nothing; and by proof we feel
Our power sufficient to disturb his Heav'n,
And with perpetual inrodes to Allarme,
Though inaccessible, his fatal Throne:
Which if not Victory is yet Revenge.
He ended frowning, and his look denounc'd
Desperate revenge, and Battel dangerous
To less then Gods. On th' other side up rose
BELIAL, in act more graceful and humane;
A fairer person lost not Heav'n; he seemd
For dignity compos'd and high exploit:
But all was false and hollow; though his Tongue
Dropt Manna, and could make the worse appear
The better reason, to perplex and dash
Maturest Counsels: for his thoughts were low;
To vice industrious, but to Nobler deeds
Timorous and slothful: yet he pleas'd the eare,
And with perswasive accent thus began.
I should be much for open Warr, O Peers,
As not behind in hate; if what was urg'd
Main reason to perswade immediate Warr,
Did not disswade me most, and seem to cast
Ominous conjecture on the whole success:
When he who most excels in fact of Arms,
In what he counsels and in what excels
Mistrustful, grounds his courage on despair
And utter dissolution, as the scope
Of all his aim, after some dire revenge.
First, what Revenge? the Towrs of Heav'n are fill'd
With Armed watch, that render all access
Impregnable; oft on the bordering Deep
Encamp thir Legions, or with obscure wing
Scout farr and wide into the Realm of night,
Scorning surprize. Or could we break our way
By force, and at our heels all Hell should rise
With blackest Insurrection, to confound
Heav'ns purest Light, yet our great Enemie
All incorruptible would on his Throne
Sit unpolluted, and th' Ethereal mould
Incapable of stain would soon expel
Her mischief, and purge off the baser fire
Victorious. Thus repuls'd, our final hope
Is flat despair: we must exasperate
Th' Almighty Victor to spend all his rage,
And that must end us, that must be our cure,
To be no more; sad cure; for who would loose,
Though full of pain, this intellectual being,
Those thoughts that wander through Eternity,
To perish rather, swallowd up and lost
In the wide womb of uncreated night,
Devoid of sense and motion? and who knows,
Let this be good, whether our angry Foe
Can give it, or will ever? how he can
Is doubtful; that he never will is sure.
Will he, so wise, let loose at once his ire,
Belike through impotence, or unaware,
To give his Enemies thir wish, and end
Them in his anger, whom his anger saves
To punish endless? wherefore cease we then?
Say they who counsel Warr, we are decreed,
Reserv'd and destin'd to Eternal woe;
Whatever doing, what can we suffer more,
What can we suffer worse? is this then worst,
Thus sitting, thus consulting, thus in Arms?
What when we fled amain, pursu'd and strook
With Heav'ns afflicting Thunder, and besought
The Deep to shelter us? this Hell then seem'd
A refuge from those wounds: or when we lay
Chain'd on the burning Lake? that sure was worse.
What if the breath that kindl'd those grim fires
Awak'd should blow them into sevenfold rage
And plunge us in the Flames? or from above
Should intermitted vengeance Arme again
His red right hand to plague us? what if all
Her stores were op'n'd, and this Firmament
Of Hell should spout her Cataracts of Fire,
Impendent horrors, threatning hideous fall
One day upon our heads; while we perhaps
Designing or exhorting glorious Warr,
Caught in a fierie Tempest shall be hurl'd
Each on his rock transfixt, the sport and prey
Of racking whirlwinds, or for ever sunk
Under yon boyling Ocean, wrapt in Chains;
There to converse with everlasting groans,
Unrespited, unpitied, unrepreevd,
Ages of hopeless end; this would be worse.
Warr therefore, open or conceal'd, alike
My voice disswades; for what can force or guile
With him, or who deceive his mind, whose eye
Views all things at one view? he from heav'ns highth
All these our motions vain, sees and derides;
Not more Almighty to resist our might
Then wise to frustrate all our plots and wiles.
Shall we then live thus vile, the race of Heav'n
Thus trampl'd, thus expell'd to suffer here
Chains & these Torments? better these then worse
By my advice; since fate inevitable
Subdues us, and Omnipotent Decree,
The Victors will. To suffer, as to doe,
Our strength is equal, nor the Law unjust
That so ordains: this was at first resolv'd,
If we were wise, against so great a foe
Contending, and so doubtful what might fall.
I laugh, when those who at the Spear are bold
And vent'rous, if that fail them, shrink and fear
What yet they know must follow, to endure
Exile, or ignominy, or bonds, or pain,
The sentence of thir Conquerour: This is now
Our doom; which if we can sustain and bear,
Our Supream Foe in time may much remit
His anger, and perhaps thus farr remov'd
Not mind us not offending, satisfi'd
With what is punish't; whence these raging fires
Will slack'n, if his breath stir not thir flames.
Our purer essence then will overcome
Thir noxious vapour, or enur'd not feel,
Or chang'd at length, and to the place conformd
In temper and in nature, will receive
Familiar the fierce heat, and void of pain;
This horror will grow milde, this darkness light,
Besides what hope the never-ending flight
Of future days may bring, what chance, what change
Worth waiting, since our present lot appeers
For happy though but ill, for ill not worst,
If we procure not to our selves more woe.
Thus BELIAL with words cloath'd in reasons garb
Counsel'd ignoble ease, and peaceful sloath,
Not peace: and after him thus MAMMON spake.
Either to disinthrone the King of Heav'n
We warr, if warr be best, or to regain
Our own right lost: him to unthrone we then
May hope, when everlasting Fate shall yeild
To fickle Chance, and CHAOS judge the strife:
The former vain to hope argues as vain
The latter: for what place can be for us
Within Heav'ns bound, unless Heav'ns Lord supream
We overpower? Suppose he should relent
And publish Grace to all, on promise made
Of new Subjection; with what eyes could we
Stand in his presence humble, and receive
Strict Laws impos'd, to celebrate his Throne
With warbl'd Hymns, and to his Godhead sing
Forc't Halleluiah's; while he Lordly sits
Our envied Sovran, and his Altar breathes
Ambrosial Odours and Ambrosial Flowers,
Our servile offerings. This must be our task
In Heav'n, this our delight; how wearisom
Eternity so spent in worship paid
To whom we hate. Let us not then pursue
By force impossible, by leave obtain'd
Unacceptable, though in Heav'n, our state
Of splendid vassalage, but rather seek
Our own good from our selves, and from our own
Live to our selves, though in this vast recess,
Free, and to none accountable, preferring
Hard liberty before the easie yoke
Of servile Pomp. Our greatness will appear
Then most conspicuous, when great things of small,
Useful of hurtful, prosperous of adverse
We can create, and in what place so e're
Thrive under evil, and work ease out of pain
Through labour and endurance. This deep world
Of darkness do we dread? How oft amidst
Thick clouds and dark doth Heav'ns all-ruling Sire
Choose to reside, his Glory unobscur'd,
And with the Majesty of darkness round
Covers his Throne; from whence deep thunders roar
Must'ring thir rage, and Heav'n resembles Hell?
As he our Darkness, cannot we his Light
Imitate when we please? This Desart soile
Wants not her hidden lustre, Gemms and Gold;
Nor want we skill or art, from whence to raise
Magnificence; and what can Heav'n shew more?
Our torments also may in length of time
Become our Elements, these piercing Fires
As soft as now severe, our temper chang'd
Into their temper; which must needs remove
The sensible of pain. All things invite
To peaceful Counsels, and the settl'd State
Of order, how in safety best we may
Compose our present evils, with regard
Of what we are and where, dismissing quite
All thoughts of Warr: ye have what I advise.
He scarce had finisht, when such murmur filld
Th' Assembly, as when hollow Rocks retain
The sound of blustring winds, which all night long
Had rous'd the Sea, now with hoarse cadence lull
Sea-faring men orewatcht, whose Bark by chance
Or Pinnace anchors in a craggy Bay
After the Tempest: Such applause was heard
As MAMMON ended, and his Sentence pleas'd,
Advising peace: for such another Field
They dreaded worse then Hell: so much the fear
Of Thunder and the Sword of MICHAEL
Wrought still within them; and no less desire
To found this nether Empire, which might rise
By pollicy, and long process of time,
In emulation opposite to Heav'n.
Which when BEELZEBUB perceiv'd, then whom,
SATAN except, none higher sat, with grave
Aspect he rose, and in his rising seem'd
A Pillar of State; deep on his Front engraven
Deliberation sat and publick care;
And Princely counsel in his face yet shon,
Majestick though in ruin: sage he stood
With ATLANTEAN shoulders fit to bear
The weight of mightiest Monarchies; his look
Drew audience and attention still as Night
Or Summers Noon-tide air, while thus he spake.
Thrones and imperial Powers, off-spring of heav'n,
Ethereal Vertues; or these Titles now
Must we renounce, and changing stile be call'd
Princes of Hell? for so the popular vote
Inclines, here to continue, and build up here
A growing Empire; doubtless; while we dream,
And know not that the King of Heav'n hath doom'd
This place our dungeon, not our safe retreat
Beyond his Potent arm, to live exempt
From Heav'ns high jurisdiction, in new League
Banded against his Throne, but to remaine
In strictest bondage, though thus far remov'd,
Under th' inevitable curb, reserv'd
His captive multitude: For he, be sure,
In highth or depth, still first and last will Reign
Sole King, and of his Kingdom loose no part
By our revolt, but over Hell extend
His Empire, and with Iron Scepter rule
Us here, as with his Golden those in Heav'n.
What sit we then projecting Peace and Warr?
Warr hath determin'd us, and foild with loss
Irreparable; tearms of peace yet none
Voutsaf't or sought; for what peace will be giv'n
To us enslav'd, but custody severe,
And stripes, and arbitrary punishment
Inflicted? and what peace can we return,
But to our power hostility and hate,
Untam'd reluctance, and revenge though slow,
Yet ever plotting how the Conquerour least
May reap his conquest, and may least rejoyce
In doing what we most in suffering feel?
Nor will occasion want, nor shall we need
With dangerous expedition to invade
Heav'n, whose high walls fear no assault or Siege,
Or ambush from the Deep. What if we find
Some easier enterprize? There is a place
(If ancient and prophetic fame in Heav'n
Err not) another World, the happy seat
Of som new Race call'd MAN, about this time
To be created like to us, though less
In power and excellence, but favour'd more
Of him who rules above; so was his will
Pronounc'd among the Gods, and by an Oath,
That shook Heav'ns whol circumference, confirm'd.
Thither let us bend all our thoughts, to learn
What creatures there inhabit, of what mould,
Or substance, how endu'd, and what thir Power,
And where thir weakness, how attempted best,
By force or suttlety: Though Heav'n be shut,
And Heav'ns high Arbitrator sit secure
In his own strength, this place may lye expos'd
The utmost border of his Kingdom, left
To their defence who hold it: here perhaps
Som advantagious act may be achiev'd
By sudden onset, either with Hell fire
To waste his whole Creation, or possess
All as our own, and drive as we were driven,
The punie habitants, or if not drive,
Seduce them to our Party, that thir God
May prove thir foe, and with repenting hand
Abolish his own works. This would surpass
Common revenge, and interrupt his joy
In our Confusion, and our Joy upraise
In his disturbance; when his darling Sons
Hurl'd headlong to partake with us, shall curse
Thir frail Originals, and faded bliss,
Faded so soon. Advise if this be worth
Attempting, or to sit in darkness here
Hatching vain Empires. Thus BEELZEBUB
Pleaded his devilish Counsel, first devis'd
By SATAN, and in part propos'd: for whence,
But from the Author of all ill could Spring
So deep a malice, to confound the race
Of mankind in one root, and Earth with Hell
To mingle and involve, done all to spite
The great Creatour? But thir spite still serves
His glory to augment. The bold design
Pleas'd highly those infernal States, and joy
Sparkl'd in all thir eyes; with full assent
They vote: whereat his speech he thus renews.
Well have ye judg'd, well ended long debate,
Synod of Gods, and like to what ye are,
Great things resolv'd; which from the lowest deep
Will once more lift us up, in spight of Fate,
Neerer our ancient Seat; perhaps in view
Of those bright confines, whence with neighbouring Arms
And opportune excursion we may chance
Re-enter Heav'n; or else in some milde Zone
Dwell not unvisited of Heav'ns fair Light
Secure, and at the brightning Orient beam
Purge off this gloom; the soft delicious Air,
To heal the scarr of these corrosive Fires
Shall breath her balme. But first whom shall we send
In search of this new world, whom shall we find
Sufficient? who shall tempt with wandring feet
The dark unbottom'd infinite Abyss
And through the palpable obscure find out
His uncouth way, or spread his aerie flight
Upborn with indefatigable wings
Over the vast abrupt, ere he arrive
The happy Ile; what strength, what art can then
Suffice, or what evasion bear him safe
Through the strict Senteries and Stations thick
Of Angels watching round? Here he had need
All circumspection, and we now no less
Choice in our suffrage; for on whom we send,
The weight of all and our last hope relies.
This said, he sat; and expectation held
His look suspence, awaiting who appeer'd
To second, or oppose, or undertake
The perilous attempt: but all sat mute,
Pondering the danger with deep thoughts; & each
In others count'nance red his own dismay
Astonisht: none among the choice and prime
Of those Heav'n-warring Champions could be found
So hardie as to proffer or accept
Alone the dreadful voyage; till at last
SATAN, whom now transcendent glory rais'd
Above his fellows, with Monarchal pride
Conscious of highest worth, unmov'd thus spake.
O Progeny of Heav'n, Empyreal Thrones,
With reason hath deep silence and demurr
Seis'd us, though undismaid: long is the way
And hard, that out of Hell leads up to Light;
Our prison strong, this huge convex of Fire,
Outrageous to devour, immures us round
Ninefold, and gates of burning Adamant
Barr'd over us prohibit all egress.
These past, if any pass, the void profound
Of unessential Night receives him next
Wide gaping, and with utter loss of being
Threatens him, plung'd in that abortive gulf.
If thence he scape into what ever world,
Or unknown Region, what remains him less
Then unknown dangers and as hard escape.
But I should ill become this Throne, O Peers,
And this Imperial Sov'ranty, adorn'd
With splendor, arm'd with power, if aught propos'd
And judg'd of public moment, in the shape
Of difficulty or danger could deterre
Me from attempting. Wherefore do I assume
These Royalties, and not refuse to Reign,
Refusing to accept as great a share
Of hazard as of honour, due alike
To him who Reigns, and so much to him due
Of hazard more, as he above the rest
High honourd sits? Go therfore mighty powers,
Terror of Heav'n, though fall'n; intend at home,
While here shall be our home, what best may ease
The present misery, and render Hell
More tollerable; if there be cure or charm
To respite or deceive, or slack the pain
Of this ill Mansion: intermit no watch
Against a wakeful Foe, while I abroad
Through all the coasts of dark destruction seek
Deliverance for us all: this enterprize
None shall partake with me. Thus saying rose
The Monarch, and prevented all reply,
Prudent, least from his resolution rais'd
Others among the chief might offer now
(Certain to be refus'd) what erst they feard;
And so refus'd might in opinion stand
His rivals, winning cheap the high repute
Which he through hazard huge must earn. But they
Dreaded not more th' adventure then his voice
Forbidding; and at once with him they rose;
Thir rising all at once was as the sound
Of Thunder heard remote. Towards him they bend
With awful reverence prone; and as a God
Extoll him equal to the highest in Heav'n:
Nor fail'd they to express how much they prais'd,
That for the general safety he despis'd
His own: for neither do the Spirits damn'd
Loose all thir vertue; least bad men should boast
Thir specious deeds on earth, which glory excites,
Or close ambition varnisht o're with zeal.
Thus they thir doubtful consultations dark
Ended rejoycing in thir matchless Chief:
As when from mountain tops the dusky clouds
Ascending, while the North wind sleeps, o'respread
Heav'ns chearful face, the lowring Element
Scowls ore the dark'nd lantskip Snow, or showre;
If chance the radiant Sun with farewell sweet
Extend his ev'ning beam, the fields revive,
The birds thir notes renew, and bleating herds
Attest thir joy, that hill and valley rings.
O shame to men! Devil with Devil damn'd
Firm concord holds, men onely disagree
Of Creatures rational, though under hope
Of heavenly Grace: and God proclaiming peace,
Yet live in hatred, enmitie, and strife
Among themselves, and levie cruel warres,
Wasting the Earth, each other to destroy:
As if (which might induce us to accord)
Man had not hellish foes anow besides,
That day and night for his destruction waite.
The STYGIAN Councel thus dissolv'd; and forth
In order came the grand infernal Peers,
Midst came thir mighty Paramount, and seemd
Alone th' Antagonist of Heav'n, nor less
Then Hells dread Emperour with pomp Supream,
And God-like imitated State; him round
A Globe of fierie Seraphim inclos'd
With bright imblazonrie, and horrent Arms.
Then of thir Session ended they bid cry
With Trumpets regal sound the great result:
Toward the four winds four speedy Cherubim
Put to thir mouths the sounding Alchymie
By Haralds voice explain'd: the hollow Abyss
Heard farr and wide, and all the host of Hell
With deafning shout, return'd them loud acclaim.
Thence more at ease thir minds and somwhat rais'd
By false presumptuous hope, the ranged powers
Disband, and wandring, each his several way
Pursues, as inclination or sad choice
Leads him perplext, where he may likeliest find
Truce to his restless thoughts, and entertain
The irksome hours, till his great Chief return.
Part on the Plain, or in the Air sublime
Upon the wing, or in swift race contend,
As at th' Olympian Games or PYTHIAN fields;
Part curb thir fierie Steeds, or shun the Goal
With rapid wheels, or fronted Brigads form.
As when to warn proud Cities warr appears
Wag'd in the troubl'd Skie, and Armies rush
To Battel in the Clouds, before each Van
Pric forth the Aerie Knights, and couch thir spears
Till thickest Legions close; with feats of Arms
From either end of Heav'n the welkin burns.
Others with vast TYPHOEAN rage more fell
Rend up both Rocks and Hills, and ride the Air
In whirlwind; Hell scarce holds the wilde uproar.
As when ALCIDES from OEALIA Crown'd
With conquest, felt th' envenom'd robe, and tore
Through pain up by the roots THESSALIAN Pines,
And LICHAS from the top of OETA threw
Into th' EUBOIC Sea. Others more milde,
Retreated in a silent valley, sing
With notes Angelical to many a Harp
Thir own Heroic deeds and hapless fall
By doom of Battel; and complain that Fate
Free Vertue should enthrall to Force or Chance.
Thir song was partial, but the harmony
(What could it less when Spirits immortal sing?)
Suspended Hell, and took with ravishment
The thronging audience. In discourse more sweet
(For Eloquence the Soul, Song charms the Sense,)
Others apart sat on a Hill retir'd,
In thoughts more elevate, and reason'd high
Of Providence, Foreknowledge, Will, and Fate,
Fixt Fate, free will, foreknowledge absolute,
And found no end, in wandring mazes lost.
Of good and evil much they argu'd then,
Of happiness and final misery,
Passion and Apathie, and glory and shame,
Vain wisdom all, and false Philosophie:
Yet with a pleasing sorcerie could charm
Pain for a while or anguish, and excite
Fallacious hope, or arm th' obdured brest
With stubborn patience as with triple steel.
Another part in Squadrons and gross Bands,
On bold adventure to discover wide
That dismal world, if any Clime perhaps
Might yeild them easier habitation, bend
Four ways thir flying March, along the Banks
Of four infernal Rivers that disgorge
Into the burning Lake thir baleful streams;
Abhorred STYX the flood of deadly hate,
Sad ACHERON of sorrow, black and deep;
COCYTUS, nam'd of lamentation loud
Heard on the ruful stream; fierce PHLEGETON
Whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage.
Farr off from these a slow and silent stream,
LETHE the River of Oblivion roules
Her watrie Labyrinth, whereof who drinks,
Forthwith his former state and being forgets,
Forgets both joy and grief, pleasure and pain.
Beyond this flood a frozen Continent
Lies dark and wilde, beat with perpetual storms
Of Whirlwind and dire Hail, which on firm land
Thaws not, but gathers heap, and ruin seems
Of ancient pile; all else deep snow and ice,
A gulf profound as that SERBONIAN Bog
Betwixt DAMIATA and mount CASIUS old,
Where Armies whole have sunk: the parching Air
Burns frore, and cold performs th' effect of Fire.
Thither by harpy-footed Furies hail'd,
At certain revolutions all the damn'd
Are brought: and feel by turns the bitter change
Of fierce extreams, extreams by change more fierce,
From Beds of raging Fire to starve in Ice
Thir soft Ethereal warmth, and there to pine
Immovable, infixt, and frozen round,
Periods of time, thence hurried back to fire.
They ferry over this LETHEAN Sound
Both to and fro, thir sorrow to augment,
And wish and struggle, as they pass, to reach
The tempting stream, with one small drop to loose
In sweet forgetfulness all pain and woe,
All in one moment, and so neer the brink;
But fate withstands, and to oppose th' attempt
MEDUSA with GORGONIAN terror guards
The Ford, and of it self the water flies
All taste of living wight, as once it fled
The lip of TANTALUS. Thus roving on
In confus'd march forlorn, th' adventrous Bands
With shuddring horror pale, and eyes agast
View'd first thir lamentable lot, and found
No rest: through many a dark and drearie Vaile
They pass'd, and many a Region dolorous,
O're many a Frozen, many a Fierie Alpe,
Rocks, Caves, Lakes, Fens, Bogs, Dens, and shades of death,
A Universe of death, which God by curse
Created evil, for evil only good,
Where all life dies, death lives, and nature breeds,
Perverse, all monstrous, all prodigious things,
Abominable, inutterable, and worse
Then Fables yet have feign'd, or fear conceiv'd,
GORGONS and HYDRA'S, and CHIMERA'S dire.
Mean while the Adversary of God and Man,
SATAN with thoughts inflam'd of highest design,
Puts on swift wings, and toward the Gates of Hell
Explores his solitary flight; som times
He scours the right hand coast, som times the left,
Now shaves with level wing the Deep, then soares
Up to the fiery concave touring high.
As when farr off at Sea a Fleet descri'd
Hangs in the Clouds, by AEQUINOCTIAL Winds
Close sailing from BENGALA, or the Iles
Of TERNATE and TIDORE, whence Merchants bring
Thir spicie Drugs: they on the trading Flood
Through the wide ETHIOPIAN to the Cape
Ply stemming nightly toward the Pole. So seem'd
Farr off the flying Fiend: at last appeer
Hell bounds high reaching to the horrid Roof,
And thrice threefold the Gates; three folds were Brass
Three Iron, three of Adamantine Rock,
Impenitrable, impal'd with circling fire,
Yet unconsum'd. Before the Gates there sat
On either side a formidable shape;
The one seem'd Woman to the waste, and fair,
But ended foul in many a scaly fould
Voluminous and vast, a Serpent arm'd
With mortal sting: about her middle round
A cry of Hell Hounds never ceasing bark'd
With wide CERBEREAN mouths full loud, and rung
A hideous Peal: yet, when they list, would creep,
If aught disturb'd thir noyse, into her woomb,
And kennel there, yet there still bark'd and howl'd
Within unseen. Farr less abhorrd then these
Vex'd SCYLLA bathing in the Sea that parts
CALABRIA from the hoarce TRINACRIAN shore:
Nor uglier follow the Night-Hag, when call'd
In secret, riding through the Air she comes
Lur'd with the smell of infant blood, to dance
With LAPLAND Witches, while the labouring Moon
Eclipses at thir charms. The other shape,
If shape it might be call'd that shape had none
Distinguishable in member, joynt, or limb,
Or substance might be call'd that shadow seem'd,
For each seem'd either; black it stood as Night,
Fierce as ten Furies, terrible as Hell,
And shook a dreadful Dart; what seem'd his head
The likeness of a Kingly Crown had on.
SATAN was now at hand, and from his seat
The Monster moving onward came as fast,
With horrid strides, Hell trembled as he strode.
Th' undaunted Fiend what this might be admir'd,
Admir'd, not fear'd; God and his Son except,
Created thing naught vallu'd he nor shun'd;
And with disdainful look thus first began.
Whence and what art thou, execrable shape,
That dar'st, though grim and terrible, advance
Thy miscreated Front athwart my way
To yonder Gates? through them I mean to pass,
That be assur'd, without leave askt of thee:
Retire, or taste thy folly, and learn by proof,
Hell-born, not to contend with Spirits of Heav'n.
To whom the Goblin full of wrauth reply'd,
Art thou that Traitor Angel, art thou hee,
Who first broke peace in Heav'n and Faith, till then
Unbrok'n, and in proud rebellious Arms
Drew after him the third part of Heav'ns Sons
Conjur'd against the highest, for which both Thou
And they outcast from God, are here condemn'd
To waste Eternal daies in woe and pain?
And reck'n'st thou thy self with Spirits of Heav'n,
Hell-doomd, and breath'st defiance here and scorn,
Where I reign King, and to enrage thee more,
Thy King and Lord? Back to thy punishment,
False fugitive, and to thy speed add wings,
Least with a whip of Scorpions I pursue
Thy lingring, or with one stroke of this Dart
Strange horror seise thee, and pangs unfelt before.
So spake the grieslie terrour, and in shape,
So speaking and so threatning, grew ten fold
More dreadful and deform: on th' other side
Incenc't with indignation SATAN stood
Unterrifi'd, and like a Comet burn'd,
That fires the length of OPHIUCUS huge
In th' Artick Sky, and from his horrid hair
Shakes Pestilence and Warr. Each at the Head
Level'd his deadly aime; thir fatall hands
No second stroke intend, and such a frown
Each cast at th' other, as when two black Clouds
With Heav'ns Artillery fraught, come rattling on
Over the CASPIAN, then stand front to front
Hov'ring a space, till Winds the signal blow
To joyn thir dark Encounter in mid air:
So frownd the mighty Combatants, that Hell
Grew darker at thir frown, so matcht they stood;
For never but once more was either like
To meet so great a foe: and now great deeds
Had been achiev'd, whereof all Hell had rung,
Had not the Snakie Sorceress that sat
Fast by Hell Gate, and kept the fatal Key,
Ris'n, and with hideous outcry rush'd between.
O Father, what intends thy hand, she cry'd,
Against thy only Son? What fury O Son,
Possesses thee to bend that mortal Dart
Against thy Fathers head? and know'st for whom;
For him who sits above and laughs the while
At thee ordain'd his drudge, to execute
What e're his wrath, which he calls Justice, bids,
His wrath which one day will destroy ye both.
She spake, and at her words the hellish Pest
Forbore, then these to her SATAN return'd:
So strange thy outcry, and thy words so strange
Thou interposest, that my sudden hand
Prevented spares to tell thee yet by deeds
What it intends; till first I know of thee,
What thing thou art, thus double-form'd, and why
In this infernal Vaile first met thou call'st
Me Father, and that Fantasm call'st my Son?
I know thee not, nor ever saw till now
Sight more detestable then him and thee.
T' whom thus the Portress of Hell Gate reply'd;
Hast thou forgot me then, and do I seem
Now in thine eye so foul, once deemd so fair
In Heav'n, when at th' Assembly, and in sight
Of all the Seraphim with thee combin'd
In bold conspiracy against Heav'ns King,
All on a sudden miserable pain
Surpris'd thee, dim thine eyes, and dizzie swumm
In darkness, while thy head flames thick and fast
Threw forth, till on the left side op'ning wide,
Likest to thee in shape and count'nance bright,
Then shining heav'nly fair, a Goddess arm'd
Out of thy head I sprung: amazement seis'd
All th' Host of Heav'n; back they recoild affraid
At first, and call'd me SIN, and for a Sign
Portentous held me; but familiar grown,
I pleas'd, and with attractive graces won
The most averse, thee chiefly, who full oft
Thy self in me thy perfect image viewing
Becam'st enamour'd, and such joy thou took'st
With me in secret, that my womb conceiv'd
A growing burden. Mean while Warr arose,
And fields were fought in Heav'n; wherein remaind
(For what could else) to our Almighty Foe
Cleer Victory, to our part loss and rout
Through all the Empyrean: down they fell
Driv'n headlong from the Pitch of Heaven, down
Into this Deep, and in the general fall
I also; at which time this powerful Key
Into my hand was giv'n, with charge to keep
These Gates for ever shut, which none can pass
Without my op'ning. Pensive here I sat
Alone, but long I sat not, till my womb
Pregnant by thee, and now excessive grown
Prodigious motion felt and rueful throes.
At last this odious offspring whom thou seest
Thine own begotten, breaking violent way
Tore through my entrails, that with fear and pain
Distorted, all my nether shape thus grew
Transform'd: but he my inbred enemie
Forth issu'd, brandishing his fatal Dart
Made to destroy: I fled, and cry'd out DEATH;
Hell trembl'd at the hideous Name, and sigh'd
From all her Caves, and back resounded DEATH.
I fled, but he pursu'd (though more, it seems,
Inflam'd with lust then rage) and swifter far,
Me overtook his mother all dismaid,
And in embraces forcible and foule
Ingendring with me, of that rape begot
These yelling Monsters that with ceasless cry
Surround me, as thou sawst, hourly conceiv'd
And hourly born, with sorrow infinite
To me, for when they list into the womb
That bred them they return, and howle and gnaw
My Bowels, their repast; then bursting forth
Afresh with conscious terrours vex me round,
That rest or intermission none I find.
Before mine eyes in opposition sits
Grim DEATH my Son and foe, who sets them on,
And me his Parent would full soon devour
For want of other prey, but that he knows
His end with mine involvd; and knows that I
Should prove a bitter Morsel, and his bane,
When ever that shall be; so Fate pronounc'd.
But thou O Father, I forewarn thee, shun
His deadly arrow; neither vainly hope
To be invulnerable in those bright Arms,
Though temper'd heav'nly, for that mortal dint,
Save he who reigns above, none can resist.
She finish'd, and the suttle Fiend his lore
Soon learnd, now milder, and thus answerd smooth.
Dear Daughter, since thou claim'st me for thy Sire,
And my fair Son here showst me, the dear pledge
Of dalliance had with thee in Heav'n, and joys
Then sweet, now sad to mention, through dire change
Befalln us unforeseen, unthought of, know
I come no enemie, but to set free
From out this dark and dismal house of pain,
Both him and thee, and all the heav'nly Host
Of Spirits that in our just pretenses arm'd
Fell with us from on high: from them I go
This uncouth errand sole, and one for all
My self expose, with lonely steps to tread
Th' unfounded deep, & through the void immense
To search with wandring quest a place foretold
Should be, and, by concurring signs, ere now
Created vast and round, a place of bliss
In the Pourlieues of Heav'n, and therein plac't
A race of upstart Creatures, to supply
Perhaps our vacant room, though more remov'd,
Least Heav'n surcharg'd with potent multitude
Might hap to move new broiles: Be this or aught
Then this more secret now design'd, I haste
To know, and this once known, shall soon return,
And bring ye to the place where Thou and Death
Shall dwell at ease, and up and down unseen
Wing silently the buxom Air, imbalm'd
With odours; there ye shall be fed and fill'd
Immeasurably, all things shall be your prey.
He ceas'd, for both seemd highly pleasd, and Death
Grinnd horrible a gastly smile, to hear
His famine should be fill'd, and blest his mawe
Destin'd to that good hour: no less rejoyc'd
His mother bad, and thus bespake her Sire.
The key of this infernal Pit by due,
And by command of Heav'ns all-powerful King
I keep, by him forbidden to unlock
These Adamantine Gates; against all force
Death ready stands to interpose his dart,
Fearless to be o'rematcht by living might.
But what ow I to his commands above
Who hates me, and hath hither thrust me down
Into this gloom of TARTARUS profound,
To sit in hateful Office here confin'd,
Inhabitant of Heav'n, and heav'nlie-born,
Here in perpetual agonie and pain,
With terrors and with clamors compasst round
Of mine own brood, that on my bowels feed:
Thou art my Father, thou my Author, thou
My being gav'st me; whom should I obey
But thee, whom follow? thou wilt bring me soon
To that new world of light and bliss, among
The Gods who live at ease, where I shall Reign
At thy right hand voluptuous, as beseems
Thy daughter and thy darling, without end.
Thus saying, from her side the fatal Key,
Sad instrument of all our woe, she took;
And towards the Gate rouling her bestial train,
Forthwith the huge Porcullis high up drew,
Which but her self not all the STYGIAN powers
Could once have mov'd; then in the key-hole turns
Th' intricate wards, and every Bolt and Bar
Of massie Iron or sollid Rock with ease
Unfast'ns: on a sudden op'n flie
With impetuous recoile and jarring sound
Th' infernal dores, and on thir hinges great
Harsh Thunder, that the lowest bottom shook
Of EREBUS. She op'nd, but to shut
Excel'd her power; the Gates wide op'n stood,
That with extended wings a Bannerd Host
Under spread Ensigns marching might pass through
With Horse and Chariots rankt in loose array;
So wide they stood, and like a Furnace mouth
Cast forth redounding smoak and ruddy flame.
Before thir eyes in sudden view appear
The secrets of the hoarie deep, a dark
Illimitable Ocean without bound,
Without dimension, where length, breadth, and highth,
And time and place are lost; where eldest Night
And CHAOS, Ancestors of Nature, hold
Eternal ANARCHIE, amidst the noise
Of endless warrs and by confusion stand.
For hot, cold, moist, and dry, four Champions fierce
Strive here for Maistrie, and to Battel bring
Thir embryon Atoms; they around the flag
Of each his faction, in thir several Clanns,
Light-arm'd or heavy, sharp, smooth, swift or slow,
Swarm populous, unnumber'd as the Sands
Of BARCA or CYRENE'S torrid soil,
Levied to side with warring Winds, and poise
Thir lighter wings. To whom these most adhere,
Hee rules a moment; CHAOS Umpire sits,
And by decision more imbroiles the fray
By which he Reigns: next him high Arbiter
CHANCE governs all. Into this wilde Abyss,
The Womb of nature and perhaps her Grave,
Of neither Sea, nor Shore, nor Air, nor Fire,
But all these in thir pregnant causes mixt
Confus'dly, and which thus must ever fight,
Unless th' Almighty Maker them ordain
His dark materials to create more Worlds,
Into this wilde Abyss the warie fiend
Stood on the brink of Hell and look'd a while,
Pondering his Voyage; for no narrow frith
He had to cross. Nor was his eare less peal'd
With noises loud and ruinous (to compare
Great things with small) then when BELLONA storms,
With all her battering Engines bent to rase
Som Capital City, or less then if this frame
Of Heav'n were falling, and these Elements
In mutinie had from her Axle torn
The stedfast Earth. At last his Sail-broad Vannes
He spreads for flight, and in the surging smoak
Uplifted spurns the ground, thence many a League
As in a cloudy Chair ascending rides
Audacious, but that seat soon failing, meets
A vast vacuitie: all unawares
Fluttring his pennons vain plumb down he drops
Ten thousand fadom deep, and to this hour
Down had been falling, had not by ill chance
The strong rebuff of som tumultuous cloud
Instinct with Fire and Nitre hurried him
As many miles aloft: that furie stay'd,
Quencht in a Boggie SYRTIS, neither Sea,
Nor good dry Land: nigh founderd on he fares,
Treading the crude consistence, half on foot,
Half flying; behoves him now both Oare and Saile.
As when a Gryfon through the Wilderness
With winged course ore Hill or moarie Dale,
Pursues the ARIMASPIAN, who by stelth
Had from his wakeful custody purloind
The guarded Gold: So eagerly the fiend
Ore bog or steep, through strait, rough, dense, or rare,
With head, hands, wings, or feet pursues his way,
And swims or sinks, or wades, or creeps, or flyes:
At length a universal hubbub wilde
Of stunning sounds and voices all confus'd
Born through the hollow dark assaults his eare
With loudest vehemence: thither he plyes,
Undaunted to meet there what ever power
Or Spirit of the nethermost Abyss
Might in that noise reside, of whom to ask
Which way the neerest coast of darkness lyes
Bordering on light; when strait behold the Throne
Of CHAOS, and his dark Pavilion spread
Wide on the wasteful Deep; with him Enthron'd
Sat Sable-vested Night, eldest of things,
The consort of his Reign; and by them stood
ORCUS and ADES, and the dreaded name
Of DEMOGORGON; Rumor next and Chance,
And Tumult and Confusion all imbroild,
And Discord with a thousand various mouths.
T' whom SATAN turning boldly, thus. Ye Powers
And Spirits of this nethermost Abyss,
CHAOS and ANCIENT NIGHT, I come no Spie,
With purpose to explore or to disturb
The secrets of your Realm, but by constraint
Wandring this darksome desart, as my way
Lies through your spacious Empire up to light,
Alone, and without guide, half lost, I seek
What readiest path leads where your gloomie bounds
Confine with Heav'n; or if som other place
From your Dominion won, th' Ethereal King
Possesses lately, thither to arrive
I travel this profound, direct my course;
Directed, no mean recompence it brings
To your behoof, if I that Region lost,
All usurpation thence expell'd, reduce
To her original darkness and your sway
(Which is my present journey) and once more
Erect the Standerd there of ANCIENT NIGHT;
Yours be th' advantage all, mine the revenge.
Thus SATAN; and him thus the Anarch old
With faultring speech and visage incompos'd
Answer'd. I know thee, stranger, who thou art,
That mighty leading Angel, who of late
Made head against Heav'ns King, though overthrown.
I saw and heard, for such a numerous host
Fled not in silence through the frighted deep
With ruin upon ruin, rout on rout,
Confusion worse confounded; and Heav'n Gates
Pourd out by millions her victorious Bands
Pursuing. I upon my Frontieres here
Keep residence; if all I can will serve,
That little which is left so to defend
Encroacht on still through our intestine broiles
Weakning the Scepter of old Night: first Hell
Your dungeon stretching far and wide beneath;
Now lately Heaven and Earth, another World
Hung ore my Realm, link'd in a golden Chain
To that side Heav'n from whence your Legions fell:
If that way be your walk, you have not farr;
So much the neerer danger; goe and speed;
Havock and spoil and ruin are my gain.
He ceas'd; and SATAN staid not to reply,
But glad that now his Sea should find a shore,
With fresh alacritie and force renew'd
Springs upward like a Pyramid of fire
Into the wilde expanse, and through the shock
Of fighting Elements, on all sides round
Environ'd wins his way; harder beset
And more endanger'd, then when ARGO pass'd
Through BOSPORUS betwixt the justling Rocks:
Or when ULYSSES on the Larbord shunnd
CHARYBDIS, and by th' other whirlpool steard.
So he with difficulty and labour hard
Mov'd on, with difficulty and labour hee;
But hee once past, soon after when man fell,
Strange alteration! Sin and Death amain
Following his track, such was the will of Heav'n,
Pav'd after him a broad and beat'n way
Over the dark Abyss, whose boiling Gulf
Tamely endur'd a Bridge of wondrous length
From Hell continu'd reaching th' utmost Orbe
Of this frail World; by which the Spirits perverse
With easie intercourse pass to and fro
To tempt or punish mortals, except whom
God and good Angels guard by special grace.
But now at last the sacred influence
Of light appears, and from the walls of Heav'n
Shoots farr into the bosom of dim Night
A glimmering dawn; here Nature first begins
Her fardest verge, and CHAOS to retire
As from her outmost works a brok'n foe
With tumult less and with less hostile din,
That SATAN with less toil, and now with ease
Wafts on the calmer wave by dubious light
And like a weather-beaten Vessel holds
Gladly the Port, though Shrouds and Tackle torn;
Or in the emptier waste, resembling Air,
Weighs his spread wings, at leasure to behold
Farr off th' Empyreal Heav'n, extended wide
In circuit, undetermind square or round,
With Opal Towrs and Battlements adorn'd
Of living Saphire, once his native Seat;
And fast by hanging in a golden Chain
This pendant world, in bigness as a Starr
Of smallest Magnitude close by the Moon.
Thither full fraught with mischievous revenge,
Accurst, and in a cursed hour he hies.
THE END OF THE SECOND BOOK.
PARADISE LOST
BOOK III
HAil holy light, ofspring of Heav'n first-born,
Or of th' Eternal Coeternal beam
May I express thee unblam'd? since God is light,
And never but in unapproached light
Dwelt from Eternitie, dwelt then in thee,
Bright effluence of bright essence increate.
Or hear'st thou rather pure Ethereal stream,
Whose Fountain who shall tell? before the Sun,
Before the Heavens thou wert, and at the voice
Of God, as with a Mantle didst invest
The rising world of waters dark and deep,
Won from the void and formless infinite.
Thee I re-visit now with bolder wing,
Escap't the STYGIAN Pool, though long detain'd
In that obscure sojourn, while in my flight
Through utter and through middle darkness borne
With other notes then to th' ORPHEAN Lyre
I sung of CHAOS and ETERNAL NIGHT,
Taught by the heav'nly Muse to venture down
The dark descent, and up to reascend,
Though hard and rare: thee I revisit safe,
And feel thy sovran vital Lamp; but thou
Revisit'st not these eyes, that rowle in vain
To find thy piercing ray, and find no dawn;
So thick a drop serene hath quencht thir Orbs,
Or dim suffusion veild. Yet not the more
Cease I to wander where the Muses haunt
Cleer Spring, or shadie Grove, or Sunnie Hill,
Smit with the love of sacred song; but chief
Thee SION and the flowrie Brooks beneath
That wash thy hallowd feet, and warbling flow,
Nightly I visit: nor somtimes forget
Those other two equal'd with me in Fate,
So were I equal'd with them in renown,
Blind THAMYRIS and blind MAEONIDES,
And TIRESIAS and PHINEUS Prophets old.
Then feed on thoughts, that voluntarie move
Harmonious numbers; as the wakeful Bird
Sings darkling, and in shadiest Covert hid
Tunes her nocturnal Note. Thus with the Year
Seasons return, but not to me returns
Day, or the sweet approach of Ev'n or Morn,
Or sight of vernal bloom, or Summers Rose,
Or flocks, or herds, or human face divine;
But cloud in stead, and ever-during dark
Surrounds me, from the chearful waies of men
Cut off, and for the book of knowledg fair
Presented with a Universal blanc
Of Natures works to mee expung'd and ras'd,
And wisdome at one entrance quite shut out.
So much the rather thou Celestial light
Shine inward, and the mind through all her powers
Irradiate, there plant eyes, all mist from thence
Purge and disperse, that I may see and tell
Of things invisible to mortal sight.
Now had the Almighty Father from above,
From the pure Empyrean where he sits
High Thron'd above all highth, bent down his eye,
His own works and their works at once to view:
About him all the Sanctities of Heaven
Stood thick as Starrs, and from his sight receiv'd
Beatitude past utterance; on his right
The radiant image of his Glory sat,
His onely Son; On Earth he first beheld
Our two first Parents, yet the onely two
Of mankind, in the happie Garden plac't,
Reaping immortal fruits of joy and love,
Uninterrupted joy, unrivald love
In blissful solitude; he then survey'd
Hell and the Gulf between, and SATAN there
Coasting the wall of Heav'n on this side Night
In the dun Air sublime, and ready now
To stoop with wearied wings, and willing feet
On the bare outside of this World, that seem'd
Firm land imbosom'd without Firmament,
Uncertain which, in Ocean or in Air.
Him God beholding from his prospect high,
Wherein past, present, future he beholds,
Thus to his onely Son foreseeing spake.
Onely begotten Son, seest thou what rage
Transports our adversarie, whom no bounds
Prescrib'd, no barrs of Hell, nor all the chains
Heapt on him there, nor yet the main Abyss
Wide interrupt can hold; so bent he seems
On desperat revenge, that shall redound
Upon his own rebellious head. And now
Through all restraint broke loose he wings his way
Not farr off Heav'n, in the Precincts of light,
Directly towards the new created World,
And Man there plac't, with purpose to assay
If him by force he can destroy, or worse,
By som false guile pervert; and shall pervert;
For man will heark'n to his glozing lyes,
And easily transgress the sole Command,
Sole pledge of his obedience: So will fall
Hee and his faithless Progenie: whose fault?
Whose but his own? ingrate, he had of mee
All he could have; I made him just and right,
Sufficient to have stood, though free to fall.
Such I created all th' Ethereal Powers
And Spirits, both them who stood & them who faild;
Freely they stood who stood, and fell who fell.
Not free, what proof could they have givn sincere
Of true allegiance, constant Faith or Love,
Where onely what they needs must do, appeard,
Not what they would? what praise could they receive?
What pleasure I from such obedience paid,
When Will and Reason (Reason also is choice)
Useless and vain, of freedom both despoild,
Made passive both, had servd necessitie,
Not mee. They therefore as to right belongd,
So were created, nor can justly accuse
Thir maker, or thir making, or thir Fate;
As if Predestination over-rul'd
Thir will, dispos'd by absolute Decree
Or high foreknowledge; they themselves decreed
Thir own revolt, not I: if I foreknew,
Foreknowledge had no influence on their fault,
Which had no less prov'd certain unforeknown.
So without least impulse or shadow of Fate,
Or aught by me immutablie foreseen,
They trespass, Authors to themselves in all
Both what they judge and what they choose; for so
I formd them free, and free they must remain,
Till they enthrall themselves: I else must change
Thir nature, and revoke the high Decree
Unchangeable, Eternal, which ordain'd
Thir freedom, they themselves ordain'd thir fall.
The first sort by thir own suggestion fell,
Self-tempted, self-deprav'd: Man falls deceiv'd
By the other first: Man therefore shall find grace,
The other none: in Mercy and Justice both,
Through Heav'n and Earth, so shall my glorie excel,
But Mercy first and last shall brightest shine.
Thus while God spake, ambrosial fragrance fill'd
All Heav'n, and in the blessed Spirits elect
Sense of new joy ineffable diffus'd:
Beyond compare the Son of God was seen
Most glorious, in him all his Father shon
Substantially express'd, and in his face
Divine compassion visibly appeerd,
Love without end, and without measure Grace,
Which uttering thus he to his Father spake.
O Father, gracious was that word which clos'd
Thy sovran sentence, that Man should find grace;
For which both Heav'n and Earth shall high extoll
Thy praises, with th' innumerable sound
Of Hymns and sacred Songs, wherewith thy Throne
Encompass'd shall resound thee ever blest.
For should Man finally be lost, should Man
Thy creature late so lov'd, thy youngest Son
Fall circumvented thus by fraud, though joynd
With his own folly? that be from thee farr,
That farr be from thee, Father, who art Judge
Of all things made, and judgest onely right.
Or shall the Adversarie thus obtain
His end, and frustrate thine, shall he fulfill
His malice, and thy goodness bring to naught,
Or proud return though to his heavier doom,
Yet with revenge accomplish't and to Hell
Draw after him the whole Race of mankind,
By him corrupted? or wilt thou thy self
Abolish thy Creation, and unmake,
For him, what for thy glorie thou hast made?
So should thy goodness and thy greatness both
Be questiond and blaspheam'd without defence.
To whom the great Creatour thus reply'd.
O Son, in whom my Soul hath chief delight,
Son of my bosom, Son who art alone
My word, my wisdom, and effectual might,
All hast thou spok'n as my thoughts are, all
As my Eternal purpose hath decreed:
Man shall not quite be lost, but sav'd who will,
Yet not of will in him, but grace in me
Freely voutsaft; once more I will renew
His lapsed powers, though forfeit and enthrall'd
By sin to foul exorbitant desires;
Upheld by me, yet once more he shall stand
On even ground against his mortal foe,
By me upheld, that he may know how frail
His fall'n condition is, and to me ow
All his deliv'rance, and to none but me.
Some I have chosen of peculiar grace
Elect above the rest; so is my will:
The rest shall hear me call, and oft be warnd
Thir sinful state, and to appease betimes
Th' incensed Deitie, while offerd grace
Invites; for I will cleer thir senses dark,
What may suffice, and soft'n stonie hearts
To pray, repent, and bring obedience due.
To prayer, repentance, and obedience due,
Though but endevord with sincere intent,
Mine eare shall not be slow, mine eye not shut.
And I will place within them as a guide
My Umpire CONSCIENCE, whom if they will hear,
Light after light well us'd they shall attain,
And to the end persisting, safe arrive.
This my long sufferance and my day of grace
They who neglect and scorn, shall never taste;
But hard be hard'nd, blind be blinded more,
That they may stumble on, and deeper fall;
And none but such from mercy I exclude.
But yet all is not don; Man disobeying,
Disloyal breaks his fealtie, and sinns
Against the high Supremacie of Heav'n,
Affecting God-head, and so loosing all,
To expiate his Treason hath naught left,
But to destruction sacred and devote,
He with his whole posteritie must die,
Die hee or Justice must; unless for him
Som other able, and as willing, pay
The rigid satisfaction, death for death.
Say Heav'nly Powers, where shall we find such love,
Which of ye will be mortal to redeem
Mans mortal crime, and just th' unjust to save,
Dwels in all Heaven charitie so deare?
He ask'd, but all the Heav'nly Quire stood mute,
And silence was in Heav'n: on mans behalf
Patron or Intercessor none appeerd,
Much less that durst upon his own head draw
The deadly forfeiture, and ransom set.
And now without redemption all mankind
Must have bin lost, adjudg'd to Death and Hell
By doom severe, had not the Son of God,
In whom the fulness dwels of love divine,
His dearest mediation thus renewd.
Father, thy word is past, man shall find grace;
And shall grace not find means, that finds her way,
The speediest of thy winged messengers,
To visit all thy creatures, and to all
Comes unprevented, unimplor'd, unsought,
Happie for man, so coming; he her aide
Can never seek, once dead in sins and lost;
Attonement for himself or offering meet,
Indebted and undon, hath none to bring:
Behold mee then, mee for him, life for life
I offer, on mee let thine anger fall;
Account mee man; I for his sake will leave
Thy bosom, and this glorie next to thee
Freely put off, and for him lastly die
Well pleas'd, on me let Death wreck all his rage;
Under his gloomie power I shall not long
Lie vanquisht; thou hast givn me to possess
Life in my self for ever, by thee I live,
Though now to Death I yeild, and am his due
All that of me can die, yet that debt paid,
Thou wilt not leave me in the loathsom grave
His prey, nor suffer my unspotted Soule
For ever with corruption there to dwell;
But I shall rise Victorious, and subdue
My Vanquisher, spoild of his vanted spoile;
Death his deaths wound shall then receive, & stoop
Inglorious, of his mortall sting disarm'd.
I through the ample Air in Triumph high
Shall lead Hell Captive maugre Hell, and show
The powers of darkness bound. Thou at the sight
Pleas'd, out of Heaven shalt look down and smile,
While by thee rais'd I ruin all my Foes,
Death last, and with his Carcass glut the Grave:
Then with the multitude of my redeemd
Shall enter Heaven long absent, and returne,
Father, to see thy face, wherein no cloud
Of anger shall remain, but peace assur'd,
And reconcilement; wrauth shall be no more
Thenceforth, but in thy presence Joy entire.
His words here ended, but his meek aspect
Silent yet spake, and breath'd immortal love
To mortal men, above which only shon
Filial obedience: as a sacrifice
Glad to be offer'd, he attends the will
Of his great Father. Admiration seis'd
All Heav'n, what this might mean, & whither tend
Wondring; but soon th' Almighty thus reply'd:
O thou in Heav'n and Earth the only peace
Found out for mankind under wrauth, O thou
My sole complacence! well thou know'st how dear,
To me are all my works, nor Man the least
Though last created, that for him I spare
Thee from my bosom and right hand, to save,
By loosing thee a while, the whole Race lost.
Thou therefore whom thou only canst redeeme,
Thir Nature also to thy Nature joyne;
And be thy self Man among men on Earth,
Made flesh, when time shall be, of Virgin seed,
By wondrous birth: Be thou in ADAMS room
The Head of all mankind, though ADAMS Son.
As in him perish all men, so in thee
As from a second root shall be restor'd,
As many as are restor'd, without thee none.
His crime makes guiltie all his Sons, thy merit
Imputed shall absolve them who renounce
Thir own both righteous and unrighteous deeds,
And live in thee transplanted, and from thee
Receive new life. So Man, as is most just,
Shall satisfie for Man, be judg'd and die,
And dying rise, and rising with him raise
His Brethren, ransomd with his own dear life.
So Heav'nly love shal outdoo Hellish hate,
Giving to death, and dying to redeeme,
So dearly to redeem what Hellish hate
So easily destroy'd, and still destroyes
In those who, when they may, accept not grace.
Nor shalt thou by descending to assume
Mans Nature, less'n or degrade thine owne.
Because thou hast, though Thron'd in highest bliss
Equal to God, and equally enjoying
God-like fruition, quitted all to save
A World from utter loss, and hast been found
By Merit more then Birthright Son of God,
Found worthiest to be so by being Good,
Farr more then Great or High; because in thee
Love hath abounded more then Glory abounds,
Therefore thy Humiliation shall exalt
With thee thy Manhood also to this Throne;
Here shalt thou sit incarnate, here shalt Reigne
Both God and Man, Son both of God and Man,
Anointed universal King; all Power
I give thee, reign for ever, and assume
Thy Merits; under thee as Head Supream
Thrones, Princedoms, Powers, Dominions I reduce:
All knees to thee shall bow, of them that bide
In Heaven, or Earth, or under Earth in Hell;
When thou attended gloriously from Heav'n
Shalt in the Skie appeer, and from thee send
The summoning Arch-Angels to proclaime
Thy dread Tribunal: forthwith from all Windes
The living, and forthwith the cited dead
Of all past Ages to the general Doom
Shall hast'n, such a peal shall rouse thir sleep.
Then all thy Saints assembl'd, thou shalt judge
Bad men and Angels, they arraignd shall sink
Beneath thy Sentence; Hell, her numbers full,
Thenceforth shall be for ever shut. Mean while
The World shall burn, and from her ashes spring
New Heav'n and Earth, wherein the just shall dwell
And after all thir tribulations long
See golden days, fruitful of golden deeds,
With Joy and Love triumphing, and fair Truth.
Then thou thy regal Scepter shalt lay by,
For regal Scepter then no more shall need,
God shall be All in All. But all ye Gods,
Adore him, who to compass all this dies,
Adore the Son, and honour him as mee.
No sooner had th' Almighty ceas't, but all
The multitude of Angels with a shout
Loud as from numbers without number, sweet
As from blest voices, uttering joy, Heav'n rung
With Jubilee, and loud Hosanna's fill'd
Th' eternal Regions: lowly reverent
Towards either Throne they bow, & to the ground
With solemn adoration down they cast
Thir Crowns inwove with Amarant and Gold,
Immortal Amarant, a Flour which once
In Paradise, fast by the Tree of Life
Began to bloom, but soon for mans offence
To Heav'n remov'd where first it grew, there grows,
And flours aloft shading the Fount of Life,
And where the river of Bliss through midst of Heavn
Rowls o're ELISIAN Flours her Amber stream;
With these that never fade the Spirits Elect
Bind thir resplendent locks inwreath'd with beams,
Now in loose Garlands thick thrown off, the bright
Pavement that like a Sea of Jasper shon
Impurpl'd with Celestial Roses smil'd.
Then Crown'd again thir gold'n Harps they took,
Harps ever tun'd, that glittering by their side
Like Quivers hung, and with Praeamble sweet
Of charming symphonie they introduce
Thir sacred Song, and waken raptures high;
No voice exempt, no voice but well could joine
Melodious part, such concord is in Heav'n.
Thee Father first they sung Omnipotent,
Immutable, Immortal, Infinite,
Eternal King; thee Author of all being,
Fountain of Light, thy self invisible
Amidst the glorious brightness where thou sit'st
Thron'd inaccessible, but when thou shad'st
The full blaze of thy beams, and through a cloud
Drawn round about thee like a radiant Shrine,
Dark with excessive bright thy skirts appeer,
Yet dazle Heav'n, that brightest Seraphim
Approach not, but with both wings veil thir eyes.
Thee next they sang of all Creation first,
Begotten Son, Divine Similitude,
In whose conspicuous count'nance, without cloud
Made visible, th' Almighty Father shines,
Whom else no Creature can behold; on thee
Impresst the effulgence of his Glorie abides,
Transfus'd on thee his ample Spirit rests.
Hee Heav'n of Heavens and all the Powers therein
By thee created, and by thee threw down
Th' aspiring Dominations: thou that day
Thy Fathers dreadful Thunder didst not spare,
Nor stop thy flaming Chariot wheels, that shook
Heav'ns everlasting Frame, while o're the necks
Thou drov'st of warring Angels disarraid.
Back from pursuit thy Powers with loud acclaime
Thee only extold, Son of thy Fathers might,
To execute fierce vengeance on his foes,
Not so on Man; him through their malice fall'n,
Father of Mercie and Grace, thou didst not doome
So strictly, but much more to pitie encline:
No sooner did thy dear and onely Son
Perceive thee purpos'd not to doom frail Man
So strictly, but much more to pitie enclin'd,
He to appease thy wrauth, and end the strife
Of Mercy and Justice in thy face discern'd,
Regardless of the Bliss wherein hee sat
Second to thee, offerd himself to die
For mans offence. O unexampl'd love,
Love no where to be found less then Divine!
Hail Son of God, Saviour of Men, thy Name
Shall be the copious matter of my Song
Henceforth, and never shall my Harp thy praise
Forget, nor from thy Fathers praise disjoine.
Thus they in Heav'n, above the starry Sphear,
Thir happie hours in joy and hymning spent.
Mean while upon the firm opacous Globe
Of this round World, whose first convex divides
The luminous inferior Orbs, enclos'd
From CHAOS and th' inroad of Darkness old,
SATAN alighted walks: a Globe farr off
It seem'd, now seems a boundless Continent
Dark, waste, and wild, under the frown of Night
Starless expos'd, and ever-threatning storms
Of CHAOS blustring round, inclement skie;
Save on that side which from the wall of Heav'n
Though distant farr som small reflection gaines
Of glimmering air less vext with tempest loud:
Here walk'd the Fiend at large in spacious field.
As when a Vultur on IMAUS bred,
Whose snowie ridge the roving TARTAR bounds,
Dislodging from a Region scarce of prey
To gorge the flesh of Lambs or yeanling Kids
On Hills where Flocks are fed, flies toward the Springs
Of GANGES or HYDASPES, INDIAN streams;
But in his way lights on the barren plaines
Of SERICANA, where CHINESES drive
With Sails and Wind thir canie Waggons light:
So on this windie Sea of Land, the Fiend
Walk'd up and down alone bent on his prey,
Alone, for other Creature in this place
Living or liveless to be found was none,
None yet, but store hereafter from the earth
Up hither like Aereal vapours flew
Of all things transitorie and vain, when Sin
With vanity had filld the works of men:
Both all things vain, and all who in vain things
Built thir fond hopes of Glorie or lasting fame,
Or happiness in this or th' other life;
All who have thir reward on Earth, the fruits
Of painful Superstition and blind Zeal,
Naught seeking but the praise of men, here find
Fit retribution, emptie as thir deeds;
All th' unaccomplisht works of Natures hand,
Abortive, monstrous, or unkindly mixt,
Dissolvd on earth, fleet hither, and in vain,
Till final dissolution, wander here,
Not in the neighbouring Moon, as some have dreamd;
Those argent Fields more likely habitants,
Translated Saints, or middle Spirits hold
Betwixt th' Angelical and Human kinde:
Hither of ill-joynd Sons and Daughters born
First from the ancient World those Giants came
With many a vain exploit, though then renownd:
The builders next of BABEL on the Plain
Of SENNAAR, and still with vain designe
New BABELS, had they wherewithall, would build:
Others came single; hee who to be deemd
A God, leap'd fondly into AETNA flames,
EMPEDOCLES, and hee who to enjoy
PLATO'S ELYSIUM, leap'd into the Sea,
CLEOMBROTUS, and many more too long,
Embryo's and Idiots, Eremits and Friers
White, Black and Grey, with all thir trumperie.
Here Pilgrims roam, that stray'd so farr to seek
In GOLGOTHA him dead, who lives in Heav'n;
And they who to be sure of Paradise
Dying put on the weeds of DOMINIC,
Or in FRANCISCAN think to pass disguis'd;
They pass the Planets seven, and pass the fixt,
And that Crystalline Sphear whose ballance weighs
The Trepidation talkt, and that first mov'd;
And now Saint PETER at Heav'ns Wicket seems
To wait them with his Keys, and now at foot
Of Heav'ns ascent they lift thir Feet, when loe
A violent cross wind from either Coast
Blows them transverse ten thousand Leagues awry
Into the devious Air; then might ye see
Cowles, Hoods and Habits with thir wearers tost
And flutterd into Raggs, then Reliques, Beads,
Indulgences, Dispenses, Pardons, Bulls,
The sport of Winds: all these upwhirld aloft
Fly o're the backside of the World farr off
Into a LIMBO large and broad, since calld
The Paradise of Fools, to few unknown
Long after, now unpeopl'd, and untrod;
All this dark Globe the Fiend found as he pass'd,
And long he wanderd, till at last a gleame
Of dawning light turnd thither-ward in haste
His travell'd steps; farr distant hee descries
Ascending by degrees magnificent
Up to the wall of Heaven a Structure high,
At top whereof, but farr more rich appeerd
The work as of a Kingly Palace Gate
With Frontispice of Diamond and Gold
Imbellisht, thick with sparkling orient Gemmes
The Portal shon, inimitable on Earth
By Model, or by shading Pencil drawn.
The Stairs were such as whereon JACOB saw
Angels ascending and descending, bands
Of Guardians bright, when he from ESAU fled
To PADAN-ARAM in the field of LUZ,
Dreaming by night under the open Skie,
And waking cri'd, This is the Gate of Heav'n.
Each Stair mysteriously was meant, nor stood
There alwaies, but drawn up to Heav'n somtimes
Viewless, and underneath a bright Sea flow'd
Of Jasper, or of liquid Pearle, whereon
Who after came from Earth, sayling arriv'd,
Wafted by Angels, or flew o're the Lake
Rapt in a Chariot drawn by fiery Steeds.
The Stairs were then let down, whether to dare
The Fiend by easie ascent, or aggravate
His sad exclusion from the dores of Bliss.
Direct against which op'nd from beneath,
Just o're the blissful seat of Paradise,
A passage down to th' Earth, a passage wide,
Wider by farr then that of after-times
Over Mount SION, and, though that were large,
Over the PROMIS'D LAND to God so dear,
By which, to visit oft those happy Tribes,
On high behests his Angels to and fro
Pass'd frequent, and his eye with choice regard
From PANEAS the fount of JORDANS flood
To BEERSABA, where the HOLY LAND
Borders on AEGYPT and the ARABIAN shoare;
So wide the op'ning seemd, where bounds were set
To darkness, such as bound the Ocean wave.
SATAN from hence now on the lower stair
That scal'd by steps of Gold to Heav'n Gate
Looks down with wonder at the sudden view
Of all this World at once. As when a Scout
Through dark and desart wayes with peril gone
All night; at last by break of chearful dawne
Obtains the brow of some high-climbing Hill,
Which to his eye discovers unaware
The goodly prospect of some forein land
First-seen, or some renownd Metropolis
With glistering Spires and Pinnacles adornd,
Which now the Rising Sun guilds with his beams.
Such wonder seis'd, though after Heaven seen,
The Spirit maligne, but much more envy seis'd
At sight of all this World beheld so faire.
Round he surveys, and well might, where he stood
So high above the circling Canopie
Of Nights extended shade; from Eastern Point
Of LIBRA to the fleecie Starr that bears
ANDROMEDA farr off ATLANTICK Seas
Beyond th' HORIZON; then from Pole to Pole
He views in bredth, and without longer pause
Down right into the Worlds first Region throws
His flight precipitant, and windes with ease
Through the pure marble Air his oblique way
Amongst innumerable Starrs, that shon
Stars distant, but nigh hand seemd other Worlds,
Or other Worlds they seemd, or happy Iles,
Like those HESPERIAN Gardens fam'd of old,
Fortunate Fields, and Groves and flourie Vales,
Thrice happy Iles, but who dwelt happy there
He stayd not to enquire: above them all
The golden Sun in splendor likest Heaven
Allur'd his eye: Thither his course he bends
Through the calm Firmament; but up or downe
By center, or eccentric, hard to tell,
Or Longitude, where the great Luminarie
Alooff the vulgar Constellations thick,
That from his Lordly eye keep distance due,
Dispenses Light from farr; they as they move
Thir Starry dance in numbers that compute
Days, months, and years, towards his all-chearing Lamp
Turn swift their various motions, or are turnd
By his Magnetic beam, that gently warms
The Univers, and to each inward part
With gentle penetration, though unseen,
Shoots invisible vertue even to the deep:
So wondrously was set his Station bright.
There lands the Fiend, a spot like which perhaps
Astronomer in the Sun's lucent Orbe
Through his glaz'd Optic Tube yet never saw.
The place he found beyond expression bright,
Compar'd with aught on Earth, Medal or Stone;
Not all parts like, but all alike informd
With radiant light, as glowing Iron with fire;
If mettal, part seemd Gold, part Silver cleer;
If stone, Carbuncle most or Chrysolite,
Rubie or Topaz, to the Twelve that shon
In AARONS Brest-plate, and a stone besides
Imagind rather oft then elsewhere seen,
That stone, or like to that which here below
Philosophers in vain so long have sought,
In vain, though by thir powerful Art they binde
Volatil HERMES, and call up unbound
In various shapes old PROTEUS from the Sea,
Draind through a Limbec to his Native forme.
What wonder then if fields and regions here
Breathe forth ELIXIR pure, and Rivers run
Potable Gold, when with one vertuous touch
Th' Arch-chimic Sun so farr from us remote
Produces with Terrestrial Humor mixt
Here in the dark so many precious things
Of colour glorious and effect so rare?
Here matter new to gaze the Devil met
Undazl'd, farr and wide his eye commands,
For sight no obstacle found here, nor shade,
But all Sun-shine, as when his Beams at Noon
Culminate from th' AEQUATOR, as they now
Shot upward still direct, whence no way round
Shadow from body opaque can fall, and the Aire,
No where so cleer, sharp'nd his visual ray
To objects distant farr, whereby he soon
Saw within kenn a glorious Angel stand,
The same whom JOHN saw also in the Sun:
His back was turnd, but not his brightness hid;
Of beaming sunnie Raies, a golden tiar
Circl'd his Head, nor less his Locks behind
Illustrious on his Shoulders fledge with wings
Lay waving round; on som great charge imploy'd
Hee seemd, or fixt in cogitation deep.
Glad was the Spirit impure as now in hope
To find who might direct his wandring flight
To Paradise the happie seat of Man,
His journies end and our beginning woe.
But first he casts to change his proper shape,
Which else might work him danger or delay:
And now a stripling Cherube he appeers,
Not of the prime, yet such as in his face
Youth smil'd Celestial, and to every Limb
Sutable grace diffus'd, so well he feignd;
Under a Coronet his flowing haire
In curles on either cheek plaid, wings he wore
Of many a colourd plume sprinkl'd with Gold,
His habit fit for speed succinct, and held
Before his decent steps a Silver wand.
He drew not nigh unheard, the Angel bright,
Ere he drew nigh, his radiant visage turnd,
Admonisht by his eare, and strait was known
Th' Arch-Angel URIEL, one of the seav'n
Who in Gods presence, neerest to his Throne
Stand ready at command, and are his Eyes
That run through all the Heav'ns, or down to th' Earth
Bear his swift errands over moist and dry,
O're Sea and Land: him SATAN thus accostes;
URIEL, for thou of those seav'n Spirits that stand
In sight of God's high Throne, gloriously bright,
The first art wont his great authentic will
Interpreter through highest Heav'n to bring,
Where all his Sons thy Embassie attend;
And here art likeliest by supream decree
Like honour to obtain, and as his Eye
To visit oft this new Creation round;
Unspeakable desire to see, and know
All these his wondrous works, but chiefly Man,
His chief delight and favour, him for whom
All these his works so wondrous he ordaind,
Hath brought me from the Quires of Cherubim
Alone thus wandring. Brightest Seraph tell
In which of all these shining Orbes hath Man
His fixed seat, or fixed seat hath none,
But all these shining Orbes his choice to dwell;
That I may find him, and with secret gaze,
Or open admiration him behold
On whom the great Creator hath bestowd
Worlds, and on whom hath all these graces powrd;
That both in him and all things, as is meet,
The Universal Maker we may praise;
Who justly hath drivn out his Rebell Foes
To deepest Hell, and to repair that loss
Created this new happie Race of Men
To serve him better: wise are all his wayes.
So spake the false dissembler unperceivd;
For neither Man nor Angel can discern
Hypocrisie, the only evil that walks
Invisible, except to God alone,
By his permissive will, through Heav'n and Earth:
And oft though wisdom wake, suspicion sleeps
At wisdoms Gate, and to simplicitie
Resigns her charge, while goodness thinks no ill
Where no ill seems: Which now for once beguil'd
URIEL, though Regent of the Sun, and held
The sharpest sighted Spirit of all in Heav'n;
Who to the fraudulent Impostor foule
In his uprightness answer thus returnd.
Faire Angel, thy desire which tends to know
The works of God, thereby to glorifie
The great Work-Maister, leads to no excess
That reaches blame, but rather merits praise
The more it seems excess, that led thee hither
From thy Empyreal Mansion thus alone,
To witness with thine eyes what some perhaps
Contented with report heare onely in heav'n:
For wonderful indeed are all his works,
Pleasant to know, and worthiest to be all
Had in remembrance alwayes with delight;
But what created mind can comprehend
Thir number, or the wisdom infinite
That brought them forth, but hid thir causes deep.
I saw when at his Word the formless Mass,
This worlds material mould, came to a heap:
Confusion heard his voice, and wilde uproar
Stood rul'd, stood vast infinitude confin'd;
Till at his second bidding darkness fled,
Light shon, and order from disorder sprung:
Swift to thir several Quarters hasted then
The cumbrous Elements, Earth, Flood, Aire, Fire,
And this Ethereal quintessence of Heav'n
Flew upward, spirited with various forms,
That rowld orbicular, and turnd to Starrs
Numberless, as thou seest, and how they move;
Each had his place appointed, each his course,
The rest in circuit walles this Universe.
Look downward on that Globe whose hither side
With light from hence, though but reflected, shines;
That place is Earth the seat of Man, that light
His day, which else as th' other Hemisphere
Night would invade, but there the neighbouring Moon
(So call that opposite fair Starr) her aide
Timely interposes, and her monthly round
Still ending, still renewing, through mid Heav'n;
With borrowd light her countenance triform
Hence fills and empties to enlighten th' Earth,
And in her pale dominion checks the night.
That spot to which I point is PARADISE,
ADAMS abode, those loftie shades his Bowre.
Thy way thou canst not miss, me mine requires.
Thus said, he turnd, and SATAN bowing low,
As to superior Spirits is wont in Heaven,
Where honour due and reverence none neglects,
Took leave, and toward the coast of Earth beneath,
Down from th' Ecliptic, sped with hop'd success,
Throws his steep flight with many an Aerie wheele,
Nor staid, till on NIPHATES top he lights.
THE END OF THE THIRD BOOK.
PARADISE LOST
BOOK IV.
O For that warning voice, which he who saw
Th' APOCALYPS, heard cry in Heaven aloud,
Then when the Dragon, put to second rout,
Came furious down to be reveng'd on men,
WO TO THE INHABITANTS ON EARTH! that now,
While time was, our first Parents had bin warnd
The coming of thir secret foe, and scap'd
Haply so scap'd his mortal snare; for now
SATAN, now first inflam'd with rage, came down,
The Tempter ere th' Accuser of man-kind,
To wreck on innocent frail man his loss
Of that first Battel, and his flight to Hell:
Yet not rejoycing in his speed, though bold,
Far off and fearless, nor with cause to boast,
Begins his dire attempt, which nigh the birth
Now rowling, boiles in his tumultuous brest,
And like a devillish Engine back recoiles
Upon himself; horror and doubt distract
His troubl'd thoughts, and from the bottom stirr
The Hell within him, for within him Hell
He brings, and round about him, nor from Hell
One step no more then from himself can fly
By change of place: Now conscience wakes despair
That slumberd, wakes the bitter memorie
Of what he was, what is, and what must be
Worse; of worse deeds worse sufferings must ensue.
Sometimes towards EDEN which now in his view
Lay pleasant, his grievd look he fixes sad,
Sometimes towards Heav'n and the full-blazing Sun,
Which now sat high in his Meridian Towre:
Then much revolving, thus in sighs began.
O thou that with surpassing Glory crownd,
Look'st from thy sole Dominion like the God
Of this new World; at whose sight all the Starrs
Hide thir diminisht heads; to thee I call,
But with no friendly voice, and add thy name
O Sun, to tell thee how I hate thy beams
That bring to my remembrance from what state
I fell, how glorious once above thy Spheare;
Till Pride and worse Ambition threw me down
Warring in Heav'n against Heav'ns matchless King:
Ah wherefore! he deservd no such return
From me, whom he created what I was
In that bright eminence, and with his good
Upbraided none; nor was his service hard.
What could be less then to afford him praise,
The easiest recompence, and pay him thanks,
How due! yet all his good prov'd ill in me,
And wrought but malice; lifted up so high
I sdeind subjection, and thought one step higher
Would set me highest, and in a moment quit
The debt immense of endless gratitude,
So burthensome, still paying, still to ow;
Forgetful what from him I still receivd,
And understood not that a grateful mind
By owing owes not, but still pays, at once
Indebted and dischargd; what burden then?
O had his powerful Destiny ordaind
Me some inferiour Angel, I had stood
Then happie; no unbounded hope had rais'd
Ambition. Yet why not? som other Power
As great might have aspir'd, and me though mean
Drawn to his part; but other Powers as great
Fell not, but stand unshak'n, from within
Or from without, to all temptations arm'd.
Hadst thou the same free Will and Power to stand?
Thou hadst: whom hast thou then or what to accuse,
But Heav'ns free Love dealt equally to all?
Be then his Love accurst, since love or hate,
To me alike, it deals eternal woe.
Nay curs'd be thou; since against his thy will
Chose freely what it now so justly rues.
Me miserable! which way shall I flie
Infinite wrauth, and infinite despaire?
Which way I flie is Hell; my self am Hell;
And in the lowest deep a lower deep
Still threatning to devour me opens wide,
To which the Hell I suffer seems a Heav'n.
O then at last relent: is there no place
Left for Repentance, none for Pardon left?
None left but by submission; and that word
DISDAIN forbids me, and my dread of shame
Among the spirits beneath, whom I seduc'd
With other promises and other vaunts
Then to submit, boasting I could subdue
Th' Omnipotent. Ay me, they little know
How dearly I abide that boast so vaine,
Under what torments inwardly I groane;
While they adore me on the Throne of Hell,
With Diadem and Scepter high advanc'd
The lower still I fall, onely Supream
In miserie; such joy Ambition findes.
But say I could repent and could obtaine
By Act of Grace my former state; how soon
Would highth recal high thoughts, how soon unsay
What feign'd submission swore: ease would recant
Vows made in pain, as violent and void.
For never can true reconcilement grow
Where wounds of deadly hate have peirc'd so deep:
Which would but lead me to a worse relapse
And heavier fall: so should I purchase deare
Short intermission bought with double smart.
This knows my punisher; therefore as farr
From granting hee, as I from begging peace:
All hope excluded thus, behold in stead
Of us out-cast, exil'd, his new delight,
Mankind created, and for him this World.
So farwel Hope, and with Hope farwel Fear,
Farwel Remorse: all Good to me is lost;
Evil be thou my Good; by thee at least
Divided Empire with Heav'ns King I hold
By thee, and more then half perhaps will reigne;
As Man ere long, and this new World shall know.
Thus while he spake, each passion dimm'd his face
Thrice chang'd with pale, ire, envie and despair,
Which marrd his borrow'd visage, and betraid
Him counterfet, if any eye beheld.
For heav'nly mindes from such distempers foule
Are ever cleer. Whereof hee soon aware,
Each perturbation smooth'd with outward calme,
Artificer of fraud; and was the first
That practisd falshood under saintly shew,
Deep malice to conceale, couch't with revenge:
Yet not anough had practisd to deceive
URIEL once warnd; whose eye pursu'd him down
The way he went, and on th' ASSYRIAN mount
Saw him disfigur'd, more then could befall
Spirit of happie sort: his gestures fierce
He markd and mad demeanour, then alone,
As he suppos'd, all unobserv'd, unseen.
So on he fares, and to the border comes
Of EDEN, where delicious Paradise,
Now nearer, Crowns with her enclosure green,
As with a rural mound the champain head
Of a steep wilderness, whose hairie sides
With thicket overgrown, grottesque and wilde,
Access deni'd; and over head up grew
Insuperable highth of loftiest shade,
Cedar, and Pine, and Firr, and branching Palm,
A Silvan Scene, and as the ranks ascend
Shade above shade, a woodie Theatre
Of stateliest view. Yet higher then thir tops
The verdurous wall of Paradise up sprung:
Which to our general Sire gave prospect large
Into his neather Empire neighbouring round.
And higher then that Wall a circling row
Of goodliest Trees loaden with fairest Fruit,
Blossoms and Fruits at once of golden hue
Appeerd, with gay enameld colours mixt:
On which the Sun more glad impress'd his beams
Then in fair Evening Cloud, or humid Bow,
When God hath showrd the earth; so lovely seemd
That Lantskip: And of pure now purer aire
Meets his approach, and to the heart inspires
Vernal delight and joy, able to drive
All sadness but despair: now gentle gales
Fanning thir odoriferous wings dispense
Native perfumes, and whisper whence they stole
Those balmie spoiles. As when to them who saile
Beyond the CAPE OF HOPE, and now are past
MOZAMBIC, off at Sea North-East windes blow
SABEAN Odours from the spicie shoare
Of ARABIE the blest, with such delay
Well pleas'd they slack thir course, and many a League
Cheard with the grateful smell old Ocean smiles.
So entertaind those odorous sweets the Fiend
Who came thir bane, though with them better pleas'd
Then ASMODEUS with the fishie fume,
That drove him, though enamourd, from the Spouse
Of TOBITS Son, and with a vengeance sent
From MEDIA post to AEGYPT, there fast bound.
Now to th' ascent of that steep savage Hill
SATAN had journied on, pensive and slow;
But further way found none, so thick entwin'd,
As one continu'd brake, the undergrowth
Of shrubs and tangling bushes had perplext
All path of Man or Beast that past that way:
One Gate there onely was, and that look'd East
On th' other side: which when th' arch-fellon saw
Due entrance he disdaind, and in contempt,
At one slight bound high overleap'd all bound
Of Hill or highest Wall, and sheer within
Lights on his feet. As when a prowling Wolfe,
Whom hunger drives to seek new haunt for prey,
Watching where Shepherds pen thir Flocks at eeve
In hurdl'd Cotes amid the field secure,
Leaps o're the fence with ease into the Fould:
Or as a Thief bent to unhoord the cash
Of some rich Burgher, whose substantial dores,
Cross-barrd and bolted fast, fear no assault,
In at the window climbes, or o're the tiles;
So clomb this first grand Thief into Gods Fould:
So since into his Church lewd Hirelings climbe.
Thence up he flew, and on the Tree of Life,
The middle Tree and highest there that grew,
Sat like a Cormorant; yet not true Life
Thereby regaind, but sat devising Death
To them who liv'd; nor on the vertue thought
Of that life-giving Plant, but only us'd
For prospect, what well us'd had bin the pledge
Of immortalitie. So little knows
Any, but God alone, to value right
The good before him, but perverts best things
To worst abuse, or to thir meanest use.
Beneath him with new wonder now he views
To all delight of human sense expos'd
In narrow room Natures whole wealth, yea more,
A Heaven on Earth, for blissful Paradise
Of God the Garden was, by him in the East
Of EDEN planted; EDEN stretchd her Line
From AURAN Eastward to the Royal Towrs
Of great SELEUCIA, built by GRECIAN Kings,
Or where the Sons of EDEN long before
Dwelt in TELASSAR: in this pleasant soile
His farr more pleasant Garden God ordaind;
Out of the fertil ground he caus'd to grow
All Trees of noblest kind for sight, smell, taste;
And all amid them stood the Tree of Life,
High eminent, blooming Ambrosial Fruit
Of vegetable Gold; and next to Life
Our Death the Tree of Knowledge grew fast by,
Knowledge of Good bought dear by knowing ill.
Southward through EDEN went a River large,
Nor chang'd his course, but through the shaggie hill
Pass'd underneath ingulft, for God had thrown
That Mountain as his Garden mould high rais'd
Upon the rapid current, which through veins
Of porous Earth with kindly thirst up drawn,
Rose a fresh Fountain, and with many a rill
Waterd the Garden; thence united fell
Down the steep glade, and met the neather Flood,
Which from his darksom passage now appeers,
And now divided into four main Streams,
Runs divers, wandring many a famous Realme
And Country whereof here needs no account,
But rather to tell how, if Art could tell,
How from that Saphire Fount the crisped Brooks,
Rowling on Orient Pearl and sands of Gold,
With mazie error under pendant shades
Ran Nectar, visiting each plant, and fed
Flours worthy of Paradise which not nice Art
In Beds and curious Knots, but Nature boon
Powrd forth profuse on Hill and Dale and Plaine,
Both where the morning Sun first warmly smote
The open field, and where the unpierc't shade
Imbround the noontide Bowrs: Thus was this place,
A happy rural seat of various view;
Groves whose rich Trees wept odorous Gumms and Balme,
Others whose fruit burnisht with Golden Rinde
Hung amiable, HESPERIAN Fables true,
If true, here onely, and of delicious taste:
Betwixt them Lawns, or level Downs, and Flocks
Grasing the tender herb, were interpos'd,
Or palmie hilloc, or the flourie lap
Of som irriguous Valley spread her store,
Flours of all hue, and without Thorn the Rose:
Another side, umbrageous Grots and Caves
Of coole recess, o're which the mantling Vine
Layes forth her purple Grape, and gently creeps
Luxuriant; mean while murmuring waters fall
Down the slope hills, disperst, or in a Lake,
That to the fringed Bank with Myrtle crownd,
Her chrystall mirror holds, unite thir streams.
The Birds thir quire apply; aires, vernal aires,
Breathing the smell of field and grove, attune
The trembling leaves, while Universal PAN
Knit with the GRACES and the HOURS in dance
Led on th' Eternal Spring. Not that faire field
Of ENNA, where PROSERPIN gathring flours
Her self a fairer Floure by gloomie DIS
Was gatherd, which cost CERES all that pain
To seek her through the world; nor that sweet Grove
Of DAPHNE by ORONTES, and th' inspir'd
CASTALIAN Spring might with this Paradise
Of EDEN strive; nor that NYSEIAN Ile
Girt with the River TRITON, where old CHAM,
Whom Gentiles AMMON call and LIBYAN JOVE,
Hid AMALTHEA and her Florid Son
Young BACCHUS from his Stepdame RHEA'S eye;
Nor where ABASSIN Kings thir issue Guard,
Mount AMARA, though this by som suppos'd
True Paradise under the ETHIOP Line
By NILUS head, enclos'd with shining Rock,
A whole dayes journey high, but wide remote
From this ASSYRIAN Garden, where the Fiend
Saw undelighted all delight, all kind
Of living Creatures new to sight and strange:
Two of far nobler shape erect and tall,
Godlike erect, with native Honour clad
In naked Majestie seemd Lords of all,
And worthie seemd, for in thir looks Divine
The image of thir glorious Maker shon,
Truth, Wisdome, Sanctitude severe and pure,
Severe, but in true filial freedom plac't;
Whence true autoritie in men; though both
Not equal, as thir sex not equal seemd;
For contemplation hee and valour formd,
For softness shee and sweet attractive Grace,
Hee for God only, shee for God in him:
His fair large Front and Eye sublime declar'd
Absolute rule; and Hyacinthin Locks
Round from his parted forelock manly hung
Clustring, but not beneath his shoulders broad:
Shee as a vail down to the slender waste
Her unadorned golden tresses wore
Dissheveld, but in wanton ringlets wav'd
As the Vine curles her tendrils, which impli'd
Subjection, but requir'd with gentle sway,
And by her yeilded, by him best receivd,
Yeilded with coy submission, modest pride,
And sweet reluctant amorous delay.
Nor those mysterious parts were then conceald,
Then was not guiltie shame, dishonest shame
Of natures works, honor dishonorable,
Sin-bred, how have ye troubl'd all mankind
With shews instead, meer shews of seeming pure,
And banisht from mans life his happiest life,
Simplicitie and spotless innocence.
So passd they naked on, nor shund the sight
Of God or Angel, for they thought no ill:
So hand in hand they passd, the lovliest pair
That ever since in loves imbraces met,
ADAM the goodliest man of men since borne
His Sons, the fairest of her Daughters EVE.
Under a tuft of shade that on a green
Stood whispering soft, by a fresh Fountain side
They sat them down, and after no more toil
Of thir sweet Gardning labour then suffic'd
To recommend coole ZEPHYR, and made ease
More easie, wholsom thirst and appetite
More grateful, to thir Supper Fruits they fell,
Nectarine Fruits which the compliant boughes
Yeilded them, side-long as they sat recline
On the soft downie Bank damaskt with flours:
The savourie pulp they chew, and in the rinde
Still as they thirsted scoop the brimming stream;
Nor gentle purpose, nor endearing smiles
Wanted, nor youthful dalliance as beseems
Fair couple, linkt in happie nuptial League,
Alone as they. About them frisking playd
All Beasts of th' Earth, since wilde, and of all chase
In Wood or Wilderness, Forrest or Den;
Sporting the Lion rampd, and in his paw
Dandl'd the Kid; Bears, Tygers, Ounces, Pards
Gambold before them, th' unwieldy Elephant
To make them mirth us'd all his might, & wreathd
His Lithe Proboscis; close the Serpent sly
Insinuating, wove with Gordian twine
His breaded train, and of his fatal guile
Gave proof unheeded; others on the grass
Coucht, and now fild with pasture gazing sat,
Or Bedward ruminating: for the Sun
Declin'd was hasting now with prone carreer
To th' Ocean Iles, and in th' ascending Scale
Of Heav'n the Starrs that usher Evening rose:
When SATAN still in gaze, as first he stood,
Scarce thus at length faild speech recoverd sad.
O Hell! what doe mine eyes with grief behold,
Into our room of bliss thus high advanc't
Creatures of other mould, earth-born perhaps,
Not Spirits, yet to heav'nly Spirits bright
Little inferior; whom my thoughts pursue
With wonder, and could love, so lively shines
In them Divine resemblance, and such grace
The hand that formd them on thir shape hath pourd.
Ah gentle pair, yee little think how nigh
Your change approaches, when all these delights
Will vanish and deliver ye to woe,
More woe, the more your taste is now of joy;
Happie, but for so happie ill secur'd
Long to continue, and this high seat your Heav'n
Ill fenc't for Heav'n to keep out such a foe
As now is enterd; yet no purpos'd foe
To you whom I could pittie thus forlorne
Though I unpittied: League with you I seek,
And mutual amitie so streight, so close,
That I with you must dwell, or you with me
Henceforth; my dwelling haply may not please
Like this fair Paradise, your sense, yet such
Accept your Makers work; he gave it me,
Which I as freely give; Hell shall unfould,
To entertain you two, her widest Gates,
And send forth all her Kings; there will be room,
Not like these narrow limits, to receive
Your numerous ofspring; if no better place,
Thank him who puts me loath to this revenge
On you who wrong me not for him who wrongd.
And should I at your harmless innocence
Melt, as I doe, yet public reason just,
Honour and Empire with revenge enlarg'd,
By conquering this new World, compels me now
To do what else though damnd I should abhorre.
So spake the Fiend, and with necessitie,
The Tyrants plea, excus'd his devilish deeds.
Then from his loftie stand on that high Tree
Down he alights among the sportful Herd
Of those fourfooted kindes, himself now one,
Now other, as thir shape servd best his end
Neerer to view his prey, and unespi'd
To mark what of thir state he more might learn
By word or action markt: about them round
A Lion now he stalkes with fierie glare,
Then as a Tiger, who by chance hath spi'd
In some Purlieu two gentle Fawnes at play,
Strait couches close, then rising changes oft
His couchant watch, as one who chose his ground
Whence rushing he might surest seise them both
Grip't in each paw: when ADAM first of men
To first of women EVE thus moving speech,
Turnd him all eare to heare new utterance flow.
Sole partner and sole part of all these joyes,
Dearer thy self then all; needs must the Power
That made us, and for us this ample World
Be infinitly good, and of his good
As liberal and free as infinite,
That rais'd us from the dust and plac't us here
In all this happiness, who at his hand
Have nothing merited, nor can performe
Aught whereof hee hath need, hee who requires
From us no other service then to keep
This one, this easie charge, of all the Trees
In Paradise that beare delicious fruit
So various, not to taste that onely Tree
Of knowledge, planted by the Tree of Life,
So neer grows Death to Life, what ere Death is,
Som dreadful thing no doubt; for well thou knowst
God hath pronounc't it death to taste that Tree,
The only sign of our obedience left
Among so many signes of power and rule
Conferrd upon us, and Dominion giv'n
Over all other Creatures that possesse
Earth, Aire, and Sea. Then let us not think hard
One easie prohibition, who enjoy
Free leave so large to all things else, and choice
Unlimited of manifold delights:
But let us ever praise him, and extoll
His bountie, following our delightful task
To prune these growing Plants, & tend these Flours,
Which were it toilsom, yet with thee were sweet.
To whom thus Eve repli'd. O thou for whom
And from whom I was formd flesh of thy flesh,
And without whom am to no end, my Guide
And Head, what thou hast said is just and right.
For wee to him indeed all praises owe,
And daily thanks, I chiefly who enjoy
So farr the happier Lot, enjoying thee
Preeminent by so much odds, while thou
Like consort to thy self canst no where find.
That day I oft remember, when from sleep
I first awak't, and found my self repos'd
Under a shade on flours, much wondring where
And what I was, whence thither brought, and how.
Not distant far from thence a murmuring sound
Of waters issu'd from a Cave and spread
Into a liquid Plain, then stood unmov'd
Pure as th' expanse of Heav'n; I thither went
With unexperienc't thought, and laid me downe
On the green bank, to look into the cleer
Smooth Lake, that to me seemd another Skie.
As I bent down to look, just opposite,
A Shape within the watry gleam appeerd
Bending to look on me, I started back,
It started back, but pleasd I soon returnd,
Pleas'd it returnd as soon with answering looks
Of sympathie and love, there I had fixt
Mine eyes till now, and pin'd with vain desire,
Had not a voice thus warnd me, What thou seest,
What there thou seest fair Creature is thy self,
With thee it came and goes: but follow me,
And I will bring thee where no shadow staies
Thy coming, and thy soft imbraces, hee
Whose image thou art, him thou shall enjoy
Inseparablie thine, to him shalt beare
Multitudes like thy self, and thence be call'd
Mother of human Race: what could I doe,
But follow strait, invisibly thus led?
Till I espi'd thee, fair indeed and tall,
Under a Platan, yet methought less faire,
Less winning soft, less amiablie milde,
Then that smooth watry image; back I turnd,
Thou following cryd'st aloud, Return fair EVE,
Whom fli'st thou? whom thou fli'st, of him thou art,
His flesh, his bone; to give thee being I lent
Out of my side to thee, neerest my heart
Substantial Life, to have thee by my side
Henceforth an individual solace dear;
Part of my Soul I seek thee, and thee claim
My other half: with that thy gentle hand
Seisd mine, I yeilded, and from that time see
How beauty is excelld by manly grace
And wisdom, which alone is truly fair.
So spake our general Mother, and with eyes
Of conjugal attraction unreprov'd,
And meek surrender, half imbracing leand
On our first Father, half her swelling Breast
Naked met his under the flowing Gold
Of her loose tresses hid: he in delight
Both of her Beauty and submissive Charms
Smil'd with superior Love, as JUPITER
On JUNO smiles, when he impregns the Clouds
That shed MAY Flowers; and press'd her Matron lip
With kisses pure: aside the Devil turnd
For envie, yet with jealous leer maligne
Ey'd them askance, and to himself thus plaind.
Sight hateful, sight tormenting! thus these two
Imparadis't in one anothers arms
The happier EDEN, shall enjoy thir fill
Of bliss on bliss, while I to Hell am thrust,
Where neither joy nor love, but fierce desire,
Among our other torments not the least,
Still unfulfill'd with pain of longing pines;
Yet let me not forget what I have gain'd
From thir own mouths; all is not theirs it seems:
One fatal Tree there stands of Knowledge call'd,
Forbidden them to taste: Knowledge forbidd'n?
Suspicious, reasonless. Why should thir Lord
Envie them that? can it be sin to know,
Can it be death? and do they onely stand
By Ignorance, is that thir happie state,
The proof of thir obedience and thir faith?
O fair foundation laid whereon to build
Thir ruine! Hence I will excite thir minds
With more desire to know, and to reject
Envious commands, invented with designe
To keep them low whom knowledge might exalt
Equal with Gods; aspiring to be such,
They taste and die: what likelier can ensue?
But first with narrow search I must walk round
This Garden, and no corner leave unspi'd;
A chance but chance may lead where I may meet
Some wandring Spirit of Heav'n, by Fountain side,
Or in thick shade retir'd, from him to draw
What further would be learnt. Live while ye may,
Yet happie pair; enjoy, till I return,
Short pleasures, for long woes are to succeed.
So saying, his proud step he scornful turn'd,
But with sly circumspection, and began
Through wood, through waste, o're hil, o're dale his roam.
Mean while in utmost Longitude, where Heav'n
With Earth and Ocean meets, the setting Sun
Slowly descended, and with right aspect
Against the eastern Gate of Paradise
Leveld his eevning Rayes: it was a Rock
Of Alablaster, pil'd up to the Clouds,
Conspicuous farr, winding with one ascent
Accessible from Earth, one entrance high;
The rest was craggie cliff, that overhung
Still as it rose, impossible to climbe.
Betwixt these rockie Pillars GABRIEL sat
Chief of th' Angelic Guards, awaiting night;
About him exercis'd Heroic Games
Th' unarmed Youth of Heav'n, but nigh at hand
Celestial Armourie, Shields, Helmes, and Speares
Hung high with Diamond flaming, and with Gold.
Thither came URIEL, gliding through the Eeven
On a Sun beam, swift as a shooting Starr
In AUTUMN thwarts the night, when vapors fir'd
Impress the Air, and shews the Mariner
From what point of his Compass to beware
Impetuous winds: he thus began in haste.
GABRIEL, to thee thy cours by Lot hath giv'n
Charge and strict watch that to this happie place
No evil thing approach or enter in;
This day at highth of Noon came to my Spheare
A Spirit, zealous, as he seem'd, to know
More of th' Almighties works, and chiefly Man
Gods latest Image: I describ'd his way
Bent all on speed, and markt his Aerie Gate;
But in the Mount that lies from EDEN North,
Where he first lighted, soon discernd his looks
Alien from Heav'n, with passions foul obscur'd:
Mine eye pursu'd him still, but under shade
Lost sight of him; one of the banisht crew
I fear, hath ventur'd from the deep, to raise
New troubles; him thy care must be to find.
To whom the winged Warriour thus returnd:
URIEL, no wonder if thy perfet sight,
Amid the Suns bright circle where thou sitst,
See farr and wide: in at this Gate none pass
The vigilance here plac't, but such as come
Well known from Heav'n; and since Meridian hour
No Creature thence: if Spirit of other sort,
So minded, have oreleapt these earthie bounds
On purpose, hard thou knowst it to exclude
Spiritual substance with corporeal barr.
But if within the circuit of these walks
In whatsoever shape he lurk, of whom
Thou telst, by morrow dawning I shall know.
So promis'd hee, and URIEL to his charge
Returnd on that bright beam, whose point now raisd
Bore him slope downward to the Sun now fall'n
Beneath th' AZORES; whither the prime Orb,
Incredible how swift, had thither rowl'd
Diurnal, or this less volubil Earth
By shorter flight to th' East, had left him there
Arraying with reflected Purple and Gold
The Clouds that on his Western Throne attend:
Now came still Eevning on, and Twilight gray
Had in her sober Liverie all things clad;
Silence accompanied, for Beast and Bird,
They to thir grassie Couch, these to thir Nests
Were slunk, all but the wakeful Nightingale;
She all night long her amorous descant sung;
Silence was pleas'd: now glow'd the Firmament
With living Saphirs: HESPERUS that led
The starrie Host, rode brightest, till the Moon
Rising in clouded Majestie, at length
Apparent Queen unvaild her peerless light,
And o're the dark her Silver Mantle threw.
When ADAM thus to EVE: Fair Consort, th' hour
Of night, and all things now retir'd to rest
Mind us of like repose, since God hath set
Labour and rest, as day and night to men
Successive, and the timely dew of sleep
Now falling with soft slumbrous weight inclines
Our eye-lids; other Creatures all day long
Rove idle unimploid, and less need rest;
Man hath his daily work of body or mind
Appointed, which declares his Dignitie,
And the regard of Heav'n on all his waies;
While other Animals unactive range,
And of thir doings God takes no account.
Tomorrow ere fresh Morning streak the East
With first approach of light, we must be ris'n,
And at our pleasant labour, to reform
Yon flourie Arbors, yonder Allies green,
Our walks at noon, with branches overgrown,
That mock our scant manuring, and require
More hands then ours to lop thir wanton growth:
Those Blossoms also, and those dropping Gumms,
That lie bestrowne unsightly and unsmooth,
Ask riddance, if we mean to tread with ease;
Mean while, as Nature wills, Night bids us rest.
To whom thus EVE with perfet beauty adornd.
My Author and Disposer, what thou bidst
Unargu'd I obey; so God ordains,
God is thy Law, thou mine: to know no more
Is womans happiest knowledge and her praise.
With thee conversing I forget all time,
All seasons and thir change, all please alike.
Sweet is the breath of morn, her rising sweet,
With charm of earliest Birds; pleasant the Sun
When first on this delightful Land he spreads
His orient Beams, on herb, tree, fruit, and flour,
Glistring with dew; fragrant the fertil earth
After soft showers; and sweet the coming on
Of grateful Eevning milde, then silent Night
With this her solemn Bird and this fair Moon,
And these the Gemms of Heav'n, her starrie train:
But neither breath of Morn when she ascends
With charm of earliest Birds, nor rising Sun
On this delightful land, nor herb, fruit, floure,
Glistring with dew, nor fragrance after showers,
Nor grateful Evening mild, nor silent Night
With this her solemn Bird, nor walk by Moon,
Or glittering Starr-light without thee is sweet.
But wherfore all night long shine these, for whom
This glorious sight, when sleep hath shut all eyes?
To whom our general Ancestor repli'd.
Daughter of God and Man, accomplisht EVE,
Those have thir course to finish, round the Earth,
By morrow Eevning, and from Land to Land
In order, though to Nations yet unborn,
Ministring light prepar'd, they set and rise;
Least total darkness should by Night regaine
Her old possession, and extinguish life
In Nature and all things, which these soft fires
Not only enlighten, but with kindly heate
Of various influence foment and warme,
Temper or nourish, or in part shed down
Thir stellar vertue on all kinds that grow
On Earth, made hereby apter to receive
Perfection from the Suns more potent Ray.
These then, though unbeheld in deep of night,
Shine not in vain, nor think, though men were none,
That heav'n would want spectators, God want praise;
Millions of spiritual Creatures walk the Earth
Unseen, both when we wake, and when we sleep:
All these with ceasless praise his works behold
Both day and night: how often from the steep
Of echoing Hill or Thicket have we heard
Celestial voices to the midnight air,
Sole, or responsive each to others note
Singing thir great Creator: oft in bands
While they keep watch, or nightly rounding walk
With Heav'nly touch of instrumental sounds
In full harmonic number joind, thir songs
Divide the night, and lift our thoughts to Heaven.
Thus talking hand in hand alone they pass'd
On to thir blissful Bower; it was a place
Chos'n by the sovran Planter, when he fram'd
All things to mans delightful use; the roofe
Of thickest covert was inwoven shade
Laurel and Mirtle, and what higher grew
Of firm and fragrant leaf; on either side
ACANTHUS, and each odorous bushie shrub
Fenc'd up the verdant wall; each beauteous flour,
IRIS all hues, Roses, and Gessamin
Rear'd high thir flourisht heads between, and wrought
Mosaic; underfoot the Violet,
Crocus, and Hyacinth with rich inlay
Broiderd the ground, more colour'd then with stone
Of costliest Emblem: other Creature here
Beast, Bird, Insect, or Worm durst enter none;
Such was thir awe of man. In shadier Bower
More sacred and sequesterd, though but feignd,
PAN or SILVANUS never slept, nor Nymph,
Nor FAUNUS haunted. Here in close recess
With Flowers, Garlands, and sweet-smelling Herbs
Espoused EVE deckt first her Nuptial Bed,
And heav'nly Quires the Hymenaean sung,
What day the genial Angel to our Sire
Brought her in naked beauty more adorn'd,
More lovely then PANDORA, whom the Gods
Endowd with all thir gifts, and O too like
In sad event, when to the unwiser Son
Of JAPHET brought by HERMES, she ensnar'd
Mankind with her faire looks, to be aveng'd
On him who had stole JOVES authentic fire.
Thus at thir shadie Lodge arriv'd, both stood,
Both turnd, and under op'n Skie ador'd
The God that made both Skie, Air, Earth & Heav'n
Which they beheld, the Moons resplendent Globe
And starrie Pole: Thou also mad'st the Night,
Maker Omnipotent, and thou the Day,
Which we in our appointed work imployd
Have finisht happie in our mutual help
And mutual love, the Crown of all our bliss
Ordain'd by thee, and this delicious place
For us too large, where thy abundance wants
Partakers, and uncropt falls to the ground.
But thou hast promis'd from us two a Race
To fill the Earth, who shall with us extoll
Thy goodness infinite, both when we wake,
And when we seek, as now, thy gift of sleep.
This said unanimous, and other Rites
Observing none, but adoration pure
Which God likes best, into thir inmost bower
Handed they went; and eas'd the putting off
These troublesom disguises which wee wear,
Strait side by side were laid, nor turnd I weene
ADAM from his fair Spouse, nor EVE the Rites
Mysterious of connubial Love refus'd:
Whatever Hypocrites austerely talk
Of puritie and place and innocence,
Defaming as impure what God declares
Pure, and commands to som, leaves free to all.
Our Maker bids increase, who bids abstain
But our Destroyer, foe to God and Man?
Haile wedded Love, mysterious Law, true source
Of human ofspring, sole proprietie,
In Paradise of all things common else.
By thee adulterous lust was driv'n from men
Among the bestial herds to raunge, by thee
Founded in Reason, Loyal, Just, and Pure,
Relations dear, and all the Charities
Of Father, Son, and Brother first were known.
Farr be it, that I should write thee sin or blame,
Or think thee unbefitting holiest place,
Perpetual Fountain of Domestic sweets,
Whose Bed is undefil'd and chast pronounc't,
Present, or past, as Saints and Patriarchs us'd.
Here Love his golden shafts imploies, here lights
His constant Lamp, and waves his purple wings,
Reigns here and revels; not in the bought smile
Of Harlots, loveless, joyless, unindeard,
Casual fruition, nor in Court Amours
Mixt Dance, or wanton Mask, or Midnight Bal,
Or Serenate, which the starv'd Lover sings
To his proud fair, best quitted with disdain.
These lulld by Nightingales imbraceing slept,
And on thir naked limbs the flourie roof
Showrd Roses, which the Morn repair'd. Sleep on,
Blest pair; and O yet happiest if ye seek
No happier state, and know to know no more.
Now had night measur'd with her shaddowie Cone
Half way up Hill this vast Sublunar Vault,
And from thir Ivorie Port the Cherubim
Forth issuing at th' accustomd hour stood armd
To thir night watches in warlike Parade,
When GABRIEL to his next in power thus spake.
UZZIEL, half these draw off, and coast the South
With strictest watch; these other wheel the North,
Our circuit meets full West. As flame they part
Half wheeling to the Shield, half to the Spear.
From these, two strong and suttle Spirits he calld
That neer him stood, and gave them thus in charge.
ITHURIEL and ZEPHON, with wingd speed
Search through this Garden, leav unsearcht no nook,
But chiefly where those two fair Creatures Lodge,
Now laid perhaps asleep secure of harme.
This Eevning from the Sun's decline arriv'd
Who tells of som infernal Spirit seen
Hitherward bent (who could have thought?) escap'd
The barrs of Hell, on errand bad no doubt:
Such where ye find, seise fast, and hither bring.
So saying, on he led his radiant Files,
Daz'ling the Moon; these to the Bower direct
In search of whom they sought: him there they found
Squat like a Toad, close at the eare of EVE;
Assaying by his Devilish art to reach
The Organs of her Fancie, and with them forge
Illusions as he list, Phantasms and Dreams,
Or if, inspiring venom, he might taint
Th' animal Spirits that from pure blood arise
Like gentle breaths from Rivers pure, thence raise
At least distemperd, discontented thoughts,
Vain hopes, vain aimes, inordinate desires
Blown up with high conceits ingendring pride.
Him thus intent ITHURIEL with his Spear
Touch'd lightly; for no falshood can endure
Touch of Celestial temper, but returns
Of force to its own likeness: up he starts
Discoverd and surpriz'd. As when a spark
Lights on a heap of nitrous Powder, laid
Fit for the Tun som Magazin to store
Against a rumord Warr, the Smuttie graine
With sudden blaze diffus'd, inflames the Aire:
So started up in his own shape the Fiend.
Back stept those two fair Angels half amaz'd
So sudden to behold the grieslie King;
Yet thus, unmovd with fear, accost him soon.
Which of those rebell Spirits adjudg'd to Hell
Com'st thou, escap'd thy prison, and transform'd,
Why satst thou like an enemie in waite
Here watching at the head of these that sleep?
Know ye not then said SATAN, filld with scorn,
Know ye not me? ye knew me once no mate
For you, there sitting where ye durst not soare;
Not to know mee argues your selves unknown,
The lowest of your throng; or if ye know,
Why ask ye, and superfluous begin
Your message, like to end as much in vain?
To whom thus ZEPHON, answering scorn with scorn.
Think not, revolted Spirit, thy shape the same,
Or undiminisht brightness, to be known
As when thou stoodst in Heav'n upright and pure;
That Glorie then, when thou no more wast good,
Departed from thee, and thou resembl'st now
Thy sin and place of doom obscure and foule.
But come, for thou, be sure, shalt give account
To him who sent us, whose charge is to keep
This place inviolable, and these from harm.
So spake the Cherube, and his grave rebuke
Severe in youthful beautie, added grace
Invincible: abasht the Devil stood,
And felt how awful goodness is, and saw
Vertue in her shape how lovly, saw, and pin'd
His loss; but chiefly to find here observd
His lustre visibly impar'd; yet seemd
Undaunted. If I must contend, said he,
Best with the best, the Sender not the sent,
Or all at once; more glorie will be wonn,
Or less be lost. Thy fear, said ZEPHON bold,
Will save us trial what the least can doe
Single against thee wicked, and thence weak.
The Fiend repli'd not, overcome with rage;
But like a proud Steed reind, went hautie on,
Chaumping his iron curb: to strive or flie
He held it vain; awe from above had quelld
His heart, not else dismai'd. Now drew they nigh
The western point, where those half-rounding guards
Just met, & closing stood in squadron joind
Awaiting next command. To whom thir Chief
GABRIEL from the Front thus calld aloud.
O friends, I hear the tread of nimble feet
Hasting this way, and now by glimps discerne
ITHURIEL and ZEPHON through the shade,
And with them comes a third of Regal port,
But faded splendor wan; who by his gate
And fierce demeanour seems the Prince of Hell,
Not likely to part hence without contest;
Stand firm, for in his look defiance lours.
He scarce had ended, when those two approachd
And brief related whom they brought, wher found,
How busied, in what form and posture coucht.
To whom with stern regard thus GABRIEL spake.
Why hast thou, SATAN, broke the bounds prescrib'd
To thy transgressions, and disturbd the charge
Of others, who approve not to transgress
By thy example, but have power and right
To question thy bold entrance on this place;
Imploi'd it seems to violate sleep, and those
Whose dwelling God hath planted here in bliss?
To whom thus SATAN with contemptuous brow.
GABRIEL, thou hadst in Heav'n th' esteem of wise,
And such I held thee; but this question askt
Puts me in doubt. Lives ther who loves his pain?
Who would not, finding way, break loose from Hell,
Though thither doomd? Thou wouldst thy self, no doubt,
And boldly venture to whatever place
Farthest from pain, where thou mightst hope to change
Torment with ease, & soonest recompence
Dole with delight, which in this place I sought;
To thee no reason; who knowst only good,
But evil hast not tri'd: and wilt object
His will who bound us? let him surer barr
His Iron Gates, if he intends our stay
In that dark durance: thus much what was askt.
The rest is true, they found me where they say;
But that implies not violence or harme.
Thus hee in scorn. The warlike Angel mov'd,
Disdainfully half smiling thus repli'd.
O loss of one in Heav'n to judge of wise,
Since SATAN fell, whom follie overthrew,
And now returns him from his prison scap't,
Gravely in doubt whether to hold them wise
Or not, who ask what boldness brought him hither
Unlicenc't from his bounds in Hell prescrib'd;
So wise he judges it to fly from pain
However, and to scape his punishment.
So judge thou still, presumptuous, till the wrauth,
Which thou incurr'st by flying, meet thy flight
Seavenfold, and scourge that wisdom back to Hell,
Which taught thee yet no better, that no pain
Can equal anger infinite provok't.
But wherefore thou alone? wherefore with thee
Came not all Hell broke loose? is pain to them
Less pain, less to be fled, or thou then they
Less hardie to endure? courageous Chief,
The first in flight from pain, had'st thou alleg'd
To thy deserted host this cause of flight,
Thou surely hadst not come sole fugitive.
To which the Fiend thus answerd frowning stern.
Not that I less endure, or shrink from pain,
Insulting Angel, well thou knowst I stood
Thy fiercest, when in Battel to thy aide
The blasting volied Thunder made all speed
And seconded thy else not dreaded Spear.
But still thy words at random, as before,
Argue thy inexperience what behooves
From hard assaies and ill successes past
A faithful Leader, not to hazard all
Through wayes of danger by himself untri'd.
I therefore, I alone first undertook
To wing the desolate Abyss, and spie
This new created World, whereof in Hell
Fame is not silent, here in hope to find
Better abode, and my afflicted Powers
To settle here on Earth, or in mid Aire;
Though for possession put to try once more
What thou and thy gay Legions dare against;
Whose easier business were to serve thir Lord
High up in Heav'n, with songs to hymne his Throne,
And practis'd distances to cringe, not fight.
To whom the warriour Angel soon repli'd.
To say and strait unsay, pretending first
Wise to flie pain, professing next the Spie,
Argues no Leader, but a lyar trac't,
SATAN, and couldst thou faithful add? O name,
O sacred name of faithfulness profan'd!
Faithful to whom? to thy rebellious crew?
Armie of Fiends, fit body to fit head;
Was this your discipline and faith ingag'd,
Your military obedience, to dissolve
Allegeance to th' acknowledg'd Power supream?
And thou sly hypocrite, who now wouldst seem
Patron of liberty, who more then thou
Once fawn'd, and cring'd, and servilly ador'd
Heav'ns awful Monarch? wherefore but in hope
To dispossess him, and thy self to reigne?
But mark what I arreede thee now, avant;
Flie thither whence thou fledst: if from this houre
Within these hallowd limits thou appeer,
Back to th' infernal pit I drag thee chaind,
And Seale thee so, as henceforth not to scorne
The facil gates of hell too slightly barrd.
So threatn'd hee, but SATAN to no threats
Gave heed, but waxing more in rage repli'd.
Then when I am thy captive talk of chaines,
Proud limitarie Cherube, but ere then
Farr heavier load thy self expect to feel
From my prevailing arme, though Heavens King
Ride on thy wings, and thou with thy Compeers,
Us'd to the yoak, draw'st his triumphant wheels
In progress through the rode of Heav'n Star-pav'd.
While thus he spake, th' Angelic Squadron bright
Turnd fierie red, sharpning in mooned hornes
Thir Phalanx, and began to hemm him round
With ported Spears, as thick as when a field
Of CERES ripe for harvest waving bends
Her bearded Grove of ears, which way the wind
Swayes them; the careful Plowman doubting stands
Least on the threshing floore his hopeful sheaves
Prove chaff. On th' other side SATAN allarm'd
Collecting all his might dilated stood,
Like TENERIFF or ATLAS unremov'd:
His stature reacht the Skie, and on his Crest
Sat horror Plum'd; nor wanted in his graspe
What seemd both Spear and Shield: now dreadful deeds
Might have ensu'd, nor onely Paradise
In this commotion, but the Starrie Cope
Of Heav'n perhaps, or all the Elements
At least had gon to rack, disturbd and torne
With violence of this conflict, had not soon
Th' Eternal to prevent such horrid fray
Hung forth in Heav'n his golden Scales, yet seen
Betwixt ASTREA and the SCORPION signe,
Wherein all things created first he weighd,
The pendulous round Earth with ballanc't Aire
In counterpoise, now ponders all events,
Battels and Realms: in these he put two weights
The sequel each of parting and of fight;
The latter quick up flew, and kickt the beam;
Which GABRIEL spying, thus bespake the Fiend.
SATAN, I know thy strength, and thou knowst mine,
Neither our own but giv'n; what follie then
To boast what Arms can doe, since thine no more
Then Heav'n permits, nor mine, though doubld now
To trample thee as mire: for proof look up,
And read thy Lot in yon celestial Sign
Where thou art weigh'd, & shown how light, how weak,
If thou resist. The Fiend lookt up and knew
His mounted scale aloft: nor more; but fled
Murmuring, and with him fled the shades of night.
THE END OF THE FOURTH BOOK.
PARADISE LOST
BOOK V.
Now Morn her rosie steps in th' Eastern Clime
Advancing, sow'd the Earth with Orient Pearle,
When ADAM wak't, so customd, for his sleep
Was Aerie light, from pure digestion bred,
And temperat vapors bland, which th' only sound
Of leaves and fuming rills, AURORA's fan,
Lightly dispers'd, and the shrill Matin Song
Of Birds on every bough; so much the more
His wonder was to find unwak'nd EVE
With Tresses discompos'd, and glowing Cheek,
As through unquiet rest: he on his side
Leaning half-rais'd, with looks of cordial Love
Hung over her enamour'd, and beheld
Beautie, which whether waking or asleep,
Shot forth peculiar Graces; then with voice
Milde, as when ZEPHYRUS on FLORA breathes,
Her hand soft touching, whisperd thus. Awake
My fairest, my espous'd, my latest found,
Heav'ns last best gift, my ever new delight,
Awake, the morning shines, and the fresh field
Calls us, we lose the prime, to mark how spring
Our tended Plants, how blows the Citron Grove,
What drops the Myrrhe, & what the balmie Reed,
How Nature paints her colours, how the Bee
Sits on the Bloom extracting liquid sweet.
Such whispering wak'd her, but with startl'd eye
On ADAM, whom imbracing, thus she spake.
O Sole in whom my thoughts find all repose,
My Glorie, my Perfection, glad I see
Thy face, and Morn return'd, for I this Night,
Such night till this I never pass'd, have dream'd,
If dream'd, not as I oft am wont, of thee,
Works of day pass't, or morrows next designe,
But of offence and trouble, which my mind
Knew never till this irksom night; methought
Close at mine ear one call'd me forth to walk
With gentle voice, I thought it thine; it said,
Why sleepst thou EVE? now is the pleasant time,
The cool, the silent, save where silence yields
To the night-warbling Bird, that now awake
Tunes sweetest his love-labor'd song; now reignes
Full Orb'd the Moon, and with more pleasing light
Shadowie sets off the face of things; in vain,
If none regard; Heav'n wakes with all his eyes,
Whom to behold but thee, Natures desire,
In whose sight all things joy, with ravishment
Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze.
I rose as at thy call, but found thee not;
To find thee I directed then my walk;
And on, methought, alone I pass'd through ways
That brought me on a sudden to the Tree
Of interdicted Knowledge: fair it seem'd,
Much fairer to my Fancie then by day:
And as I wondring lookt, beside it stood
One shap'd & wing'd like one of those from Heav'n
By us oft seen; his dewie locks distill'd
Ambrosia; on that Tree he also gaz'd;
And O fair Plant, said he, with fruit surcharg'd,
Deigns none to ease thy load and taste thy sweet,
Nor God, nor Man; is Knowledge so despis'd?
Or envie, or what reserve forbids to taste?
Forbid who will, none shall from me withhold
Longer thy offerd good, why else set here?
This said he paus'd not, but with ventrous Arme
He pluckt, he tasted; mee damp horror chil'd
At such bold words voucht with a deed so bold:
But he thus overjoy'd, O Fruit Divine,
Sweet of thy self, but much more sweet thus cropt,
Forbidd'n here, it seems, as onely fit
For Gods, yet able to make Gods of Men:
And why not Gods of Men, since good, the more
Communicated, more abundant growes,
The Author not impair'd, but honourd more?
Here, happie Creature, fair Angelic EVE,
Partake thou also; happie though thou art,
Happier thou mayst be, worthier canst not be:
Taste this, and be henceforth among the Gods
Thy self a Goddess, not to Earth confind,
But somtimes in the Air, as wee, somtimes
Ascend to Heav'n, by merit thine, and see
What life the Gods live there, and such live thou.
So saying, he drew nigh, and to me held,
Even to my mouth of that same fruit held part
Which he had pluckt; the pleasant savourie smell
So quick'nd appetite, that I, methought,
Could not but taste. Forthwith up to the Clouds
With him I flew, and underneath beheld
The Earth outstretcht immense, a prospect wide
And various: wondring at my flight and change
To this high exaltation; suddenly
My Guide was gon, and I, me thought, sunk down,
And fell asleep; but O how glad I wak'd
To find this but a dream! Thus EVE her Night
Related, and thus ADAM answerd sad.
Best Image of my self and dearer half,
The trouble of thy thoughts this night in sleep
Affects me equally; nor can I like
This uncouth dream, of evil sprung I fear;
Yet evil whence? in thee can harbour none,
Created pure. But know that in the Soule
Are many lesser Faculties that serve
Reason as chief; among these Fansie next
Her office holds; of all external things,
Which the five watchful Senses represent,
She forms Imaginations, Aerie shapes,
Which Reason joyning or disjoyning, frames
All what we affirm or what deny, and call
Our knowledge or opinion; then retires
Into her private Cell when Nature rests.
Oft in her absence mimic Fansie wakes
To imitate her; but misjoyning shapes,
Wilde work produces oft, and most in dreams,
Ill matching words and deeds long past or late.
Som such resemblances methinks I find
Of our last Eevnings talk, in this thy dream,
But with addition strange; yet be not sad.
Evil into the mind of God or Man
May come and go, so unapprov'd, and leave
No spot or blame behind: Which gives me hope
That what in sleep thou didst abhorr to dream,
Waking thou never wilt consent to do.
Be not disheart'nd then, nor cloud those looks
That wont to be more chearful and serene
Then when fair Morning first smiles on the World,
And let us to our fresh imployments rise
Among the Groves, the Fountains, and the Flours
That open now thir choicest bosom'd smells
Reservd from night, and kept for thee in store.
So cheard he his fair Spouse, and she was cheard,
But silently a gentle tear let fall
From either eye, and wip'd them with her haire;
Two other precious drops that ready stood,
Each in thir chrystal sluce, hee ere they fell
Kiss'd as the gracious signs of sweet remorse
And pious awe, that feard to have offended.
So all was cleard, and to the Field they haste.
But first from under shadie arborous roof,
Soon as they forth were come to open sight
Of day-spring, and the Sun, who scarce up risen
With wheels yet hov'ring o're the Ocean brim,
Shot paralel to the earth his dewie ray,
Discovering in wide Lantskip all the East
Of Paradise and EDENS happie Plains,
Lowly they bow'd adoring, and began
Thir Orisons, each Morning duly paid
In various style, for neither various style
Nor holy rapture wanted they to praise
Thir Maker, in fit strains pronounc't or sung
Unmeditated, such prompt eloquence
Flowd from thir lips, in Prose or numerous Verse,
More tuneable then needed Lute or Harp
To add more sweetness, and they thus began.
These are thy glorious works, Parent of good,
Almightie, thine this universal Frame,
Thus wondrous fair; thy self how wondrous then!
Unspeakable, who sitst above these Heavens
To us invisible or dimly seen
In these thy lowest works, yet these declare
Thy goodness beyond thought, and Power Divine:
Speak yee who best can tell, ye Sons of light,
Angels, for yee behold him, and with songs
And choral symphonies, Day without Night,
Circle his Throne rejoycing, yee in Heav'n,
On Earth joyn all yee Creatures to extoll
Him first, him last, him midst, and without end.
Fairest of Starrs, last in the train of Night,
If better thou belong not to the dawn,
Sure pledge of day, that crownst the smiling Morn
With thy bright Circlet, praise him in thy Spheare
While day arises, that sweet hour of Prime.
Thou Sun, of this great World both Eye and Soule,
Acknowledge him thy Greater, sound his praise
In thy eternal course, both when thou climb'st,
And when high Noon hast gaind, & when thou fallst.
Moon, that now meetst the orient Sun, now fli'st
With the fixt Starrs, fixt in thir Orb that flies,
And yee five other wandring Fires that move
In mystic Dance not without Song, resound
His praise, who out of Darkness call'd up Light.
Aire, and ye Elements the eldest birth
Of Natures Womb, that in quaternion run
Perpetual Circle, multiform; and mix
And nourish all things, let your ceasless change
Varie to our great Maker still new praise.
Ye Mists and Exhalations that now rise
From Hill or steaming Lake, duskie or grey,
Till the Sun paint your fleecie skirts with Gold,
In honour to the Worlds great Author rise,
Whether to deck with Clouds the uncolourd skie,
Or wet the thirstie Earth with falling showers,
Rising or falling still advance his praise.
His praise ye Winds, that from four Quarters blow,
Breath soft or loud; and wave your tops, ye Pines,
With every Plant, in sign of Worship wave.
Fountains and yee, that warble, as ye flow,
Melodious murmurs, warbling tune his praise.
Joyn voices all ye living Souls, ye Birds,
That singing up to Heaven Gate ascend,
Bear on your wings and in your notes his praise;
Yee that in Waters glide, and yee that walk
The Earth, and stately tread, or lowly creep;
Witness if I be silent, Morn or Eeven,
To Hill, or Valley, Fountain, or fresh shade
Made vocal by my Song, and taught his praise.
Hail universal Lord, be bounteous still
To give us onely good; and if the night
Have gathered aught of evil or conceald,
Disperse it, as now light dispels the dark.
So pray'd they innocent, and to thir thoughts
Firm peace recoverd soon and wonted calm.
On to thir mornings rural work they haste
Among sweet dewes and flours; where any row
Of Fruit-trees overwoodie reachd too farr
Thir pamperd boughes, and needed hands to check
Fruitless imbraces: or they led the Vine
To wed her Elm; she spous'd about him twines
Her mariageable arms, and with her brings
Her dowr th' adopted Clusters, to adorn
His barren leaves. Them thus imploid beheld
With pittie Heav'ns high King, and to him call'd
RAPHAEL, the sociable Spirit, that deign'd
To travel with TOBIAS, and secur'd
His marriage with the seaventimes-wedded Maid.
RAPHAEL, said hee, thou hear'st what stir on Earth
SATAN from Hell scap't through the darksom Gulf
Hath raisd in Paradise, and how disturbd
This night the human pair, how he designes
In them at once to ruin all mankind.
Go therefore, half this day as friend with friend
Converse with ADAM, in what Bowre or shade
Thou find'st him from the heat of Noon retir'd,
To respit his day-labour with repast,
Or with repose; and such discourse bring on,
As may advise him of his happie state,
Happiness in his power left free to will,
Left to his own free Will, his Will though free,
Yet mutable; whence warne him to beware
He swerve not too secure: tell him withall
His danger, and from whom, what enemie
Late falln himself from Heav'n, is plotting now
The fall of others from like state of bliss;
By violence, no, for that shall be withstood,
But by deceit and lies; this let him know,
Least wilfully transgressing he pretend
Surprisal, unadmonisht, unforewarnd.
So spake th' Eternal Father, and fulfilld
All Justice: nor delaid the winged Saint
After his charge receivd, but from among
Thousand Celestial Ardors, where he stood
Vaild with his gorgeous wings, up springing light
Flew through the midst of Heav'n; th' angelic Quires
On each hand parting, to his speed gave way
Through all th' Empyreal road; till at the Gate
Of Heav'n arriv'd, the gate self-opend wide
On golden Hinges turning, as by work
Divine the sov'ran Architect had fram'd.
From hence, no cloud, or, to obstruct his sight,
Starr interpos'd, however small he sees,
Not unconform to other shining Globes,
Earth and the Gard'n of God, with Cedars crownd
Above all Hills. As when by night the Glass
Of GALILEO, less assur'd, observes
Imagind Lands and Regions in the Moon:
Or Pilot from amidst the CYCLADES
DELOS or SAMOS first appeering kenns
A cloudy spot. Down thither prone in flight
He speeds, and through the vast Ethereal Skie
Sailes between worlds & worlds, with steddie wing
Now on the polar windes, then with quick Fann
Winnows the buxom Air; till within soare
Of Towring Eagles, to all the Fowles he seems
A PHOENIX, gaz'd by all, as that sole Bird
When to enshrine his reliques in the Sun's
Bright Temple, to AEGYPTIAN THEB'S he flies.
At once on th' Eastern cliff of Paradise
He lights, and to his proper shape returns
A Seraph wingd; six wings he wore, to shade
His lineaments Divine; the pair that clad
Each shoulder broad, came mantling o're his brest
With regal Ornament; the middle pair
Girt like a Starrie Zone his waste, and round
Skirted his loines and thighes with downie Gold
And colours dipt in Heav'n; the third his feet
Shaddowd from either heele with featherd maile
Skie-tinctur'd grain. Like MAIA'S son he stood,
And shook his Plumes, that Heav'nly fragrance filld
The circuit wide. Strait knew him all the bands
Of Angels under watch; and to his state,
And to his message high in honour rise;
For on som message high they guessd him bound.
Thir glittering Tents he passd, and now is come
Into the blissful field, through Groves of Myrrhe,
And flouring Odours, Cassia, Nard, and Balme;
A Wilderness of sweets; for Nature here
Wantond as in her prime, and plaid at will
Her Virgin Fancies, pouring forth more sweet,
Wilde above rule or art; enormous bliss.
Him through the spicie Forrest onward com
ADAM discernd, as in the dore he sat
Of his coole Bowre, while now the mounted Sun
Shot down direct his fervid Raies, to warme
Earths inmost womb, more warmth then ADAM need;
And EVE within, due at her hour prepar'd
For dinner savourie fruits, of taste to please
True appetite, and not disrelish thirst
Of nectarous draughts between, from milkie stream,
Berrie or Grape: to whom thus ADAM call'd.
Haste hither EVE, and worth thy sight behold
Eastward among those Trees, what glorious shape
Comes this way moving; seems another Morn
Ris'n on mid-noon; som great behest from Heav'n
To us perhaps he brings, and will voutsafe
This day to be our Guest. But goe with speed,
And what thy stores contain, bring forth and poure
Abundance, fit to honour and receive
Our Heav'nly stranger; well we may afford
Our givers thir own gifts, and large bestow
From large bestowd, where Nature multiplies
Her fertil growth, and by disburd'ning grows
More fruitful, which instructs us not to spare.
To whom thus EVE. ADAM, earths hallowd mould,
Of God inspir'd, small store will serve, where store,
All seasons, ripe for use hangs on the stalk;
Save what by frugal storing firmness gains
To nourish, and superfluous moist consumes:
But I will haste and from each bough and break,
Each Plant & juciest Gourd will pluck such choice
To entertain our Angel guest, as hee
Beholding shall confess that here on Earth
God hath dispenst his bounties as in Heav'n.
So saying, with dispatchful looks in haste
She turns, on hospitable thoughts intent
What choice to chuse for delicacie best,
What order, so contriv'd as not to mix
Tastes, not well joynd, inelegant, but bring
Taste after taste upheld with kindliest change,
Bestirs her then, and from each tender stalk
Whatever Earth all-bearing Mother yeilds
In INDIA East or West, or middle shoare
In PONTUS or the PUNIC Coast, or where
ALCINOUS reign'd, fruit of all kindes, in coate,
Rough, or smooth rin'd, or bearded husk, or shell
She gathers, Tribute large, and on the board
Heaps with unsparing hand; for drink the Grape
She crushes, inoffensive moust, and meathes
From many a berrie, and from sweet kernels prest
She tempers dulcet creams, nor these to hold
Wants her fit vessels pure, then strews the ground
With Rose and Odours from the shrub unfum'd.
Mean while our Primitive great Sire, to meet
His god-like Guest, walks forth, without more train
Accompani'd then with his own compleat
Perfections, in himself was all his state,
More solemn then the tedious pomp that waits
On Princes, when thir rich Retinue long
Of Horses led, and Grooms besmeard with Gold
Dazles the croud, and sets them all agape.
Neerer his presence ADAM though not awd,
Yet with submiss approach and reverence meek,
As to a superior Nature, bowing low,
Thus said. Native of Heav'n, for other place
None can then Heav'n such glorious shape contain;
Since by descending from the Thrones above,
Those happie places thou hast deignd a while
To want, and honour these, voutsafe with us
Two onely, who yet by sov'ran gift possess
This spacious ground, in yonder shadie Bowre
To rest, and what the Garden choicest bears
To sit and taste, till this meridian heat
Be over, and the Sun more coole decline.
Whom thus the Angelic Vertue answerd milde.
ADAM, I therefore came, nor art thou such
Created, or such place hast here to dwell,
As may not oft invite, though Spirits of Heav'n
To visit thee; lead on then where thy Bowre
Oreshades; for these mid-hours, till Eevning rise
I have at will. So to the Silvan Lodge
They came, that like POMONA'S Arbour smil'd
With flourets deck't and fragrant smells; but EVE
Undeckt, save with her self more lovely fair
Then Wood-Nymph, or the fairest Goddess feign'd
Of three that in Mount IDA naked strove,
Stood to entertain her guest from Heav'n; no vaile
Shee needed, Vertue-proof, no thought infirme
Alterd her cheek. On whom the Angel HAILE
Bestowd, the holy salutation us'd
Long after to blest MARIE, second EVE.
Haile Mother of Mankind, whose fruitful Womb
Shall fill the World more numerous with thy Sons
Then with these various fruits the Trees of God
Have heap'd this Table. Rais'd of grassie terf
Thir Table was, and mossie seats had round,
And on her ample Square from side to side
All AUTUMN pil'd, though SPRING and AUTUMN here
Danc'd hand in hand. A while discourse they hold;
No fear lest Dinner coole; when thus began
Our Authour. Heav'nly stranger, please to taste
These bounties which our Nourisher, from whom
All perfet good unmeasur'd out, descends,
To us for food and for delight hath caus'd
The Earth to yeild; unsavourie food perhaps
To spiritual Natures; only this I know,
That one Celestial Father gives to all.
To whom the Angel. Therefore what he gives
(Whose praise be ever sung) to man in part
Spiritual, may of purest Spirits be found
No ingrateful food: and food alike those pure
Intelligential substances require
As doth your Rational; and both contain
Within them every lower facultie
Of sense, whereby they hear, see, smell, touch, taste,
Tasting concoct, digest, assimilate,
And corporeal to incorporeal turn.
For know, whatever was created, needs
To be sustaind and fed; of Elements
The grosser feeds the purer, earth the sea,
Earth and the Sea feed Air, the Air those Fires
Ethereal, and as lowest first the Moon;
Whence in her visage round those spots, unpurg'd
Vapours not yet into her substance turnd.
Nor doth the Moon no nourishment exhale
From her moist Continent to higher Orbes.
The Sun that light imparts to all, receives
From all his alimental recompence
In humid exhalations, and at Even
Sups with the Ocean: though in Heav'n the Trees
Of life ambrosial frutage bear, and vines
Yeild Nectar, though from off the boughs each Morn
We brush mellifluous Dewes, and find the ground
Cover'd with pearly grain: yet God hath here
Varied his bounty so with new delights,
As may compare with Heaven; and to taste
Think not I shall be nice. So down they sat,
And to thir viands fell, nor seemingly
The Angel, nor in mist, the common gloss
Of Theologians, but with keen dispatch
Of real hunger, and concoctive heate
To transubstantiate; what redounds, transpires
Through Spirits with ease; nor wonder; if by fire
Of sooty coal the Empiric Alchimist
Can turn, or holds it possible to turn
Metals of drossiest Ore to perfet Gold
As from the Mine. Mean while at Table EVE
Ministerd naked, and thir flowing cups
With pleasant liquors crown'd: O innocence
Deserving Paradise! if ever, then,
Then had the Sons of God excuse to have bin
Enamour'd at that sight; but in those hearts
Love unlibidinous reign'd, nor jealousie
Was understood, the injur'd Lovers Hell.
Thus when with meats & drinks they had suffic'd,
Not burd'nd Nature, sudden mind arose
In ADAM, not to let th' occasion pass
Given him by this great Conference to know
Of things above his World, and of thir being
Who dwell in Heav'n, whose excellence he saw
Transcend his own so farr, whose radiant forms
Divine effulgence, whose high Power so far
Exceeded human, and his wary speech
Thus to th' Empyreal Minister he fram'd.
Inhabitant with God, now know I well
Thy favour, in this honour done to man,
Under whose lowly roof thou hast voutsaf't
To enter, and these earthly fruits to taste,
Food not of Angels, yet accepted so,
As that more willingly thou couldst not seem
At Heav'ns high feasts to have fed: yet what compare?
To whom the winged Hierarch repli'd.
O ADAM, one Almightie is, from whom
All things proceed, and up to him return,
If not deprav'd from good, created all
Such to perfection, one first matter all,
Indu'd with various forms, various degrees
Of substance, and in things that live, of life;
But more refin'd, more spiritous, and pure,
As neerer to him plac't or neerer tending
Each in thir several active Sphears assignd,
Till body up to spirit work, in bounds
Proportiond to each kind. So from the root
Springs lighter the green stalk, from thence the leaves
More aerie, last the bright consummate floure
Spirits odorous breathes: flours and thir fruit
Mans nourishment, by gradual scale sublim'd
To vital Spirits aspire, to animal,
To intellectual, give both life and sense,
Fansie and understanding, whence the soule
Reason receives, and reason is her being,
Discursive, or Intuitive; discourse
Is oftest yours, the latter most is ours,
Differing but in degree, of kind the same.
Wonder not then, what God for you saw good
If I refuse not, but convert, as you,
To proper substance; time may come when men
With Angels may participate, and find
No inconvenient Diet, nor too light Fare:
And from these corporal nutriments perhaps
Your bodies may at last turn all to Spirit
Improv'd by tract of time, and wingd ascend
Ethereal, as wee, or may at choice
Here or in Heav'nly Paradises dwell;
If ye be found obedient, and retain
Unalterably firm his love entire
Whose progenie you are. Mean while enjoy
Your fill what happiness this happie state
Can comprehend, incapable of more.
To whom the Patriarch of mankind repli'd.
O favourable spirit, propitious guest,
Well hast thou taught the way that might direct
Our knowledge, and the scale of Nature set
From center to circumference, whereon
In contemplation of created things
By steps we may ascend to God. But say,
What meant that caution joind, IF YE BE FOUND
OBEDIENT? can wee want obedience then
To him, or possibly his love desert
Who formd us from the dust, and plac'd us here
Full to the utmost measure of what bliss
Human desires can seek or apprehend?
To whom the Angel. Son of Heav'n and Earth,
Attend: That thou art happie, owe to God;
That thou continu'st such, owe to thy self,
That is, to thy obedience; therein stand.
This was that caution giv'n thee; be advis'd.
God made thee perfet, not immutable;
And good he made thee, but to persevere
He left it in thy power, ordaind thy will
By nature free, not over-rul'd by Fate
Inextricable, or strict necessity;
Our voluntarie service he requires,
Not our necessitated, such with him
Findes no acceptance, nor can find, for how
Can hearts, not free, be tri'd whether they serve
Willing or no, who will but what they must
By Destinie, and can no other choose?
My self and all th' Angelic Host that stand
In sight of God enthron'd, our happie state
Hold, as you yours, while our obedience holds;
On other surety none; freely we serve.
Because wee freely love, as in our will
To love or not; in this we stand or fall:
And som are fall'n, to disobedience fall'n,
And so from Heav'n to deepest Hell; O fall
From what high state of bliss into what woe!
To whom our great Progenitor. Thy words
Attentive, and with more delighted eare
Divine instructer, I have heard, then when
Cherubic Songs by night from neighbouring Hills
Aereal Music send: nor knew I not
To be both will and deed created free;
Yet that we never shall forget to love
Our maker, and obey him whose command
Single, is yet so just, my constant thoughts
Assur'd me and still assure: though what thou tellst
Hath past in Heav'n, som doubt within me move,
But more desire to hear, if thou consent,
The full relation, which must needs be strange,
Worthy of Sacred silence to be heard;
And we have yet large day, for scarce the Sun
Hath finisht half his journey, and scarce begins
His other half in the great Zone of Heav'n.
Thus ADAM made request, and RAPHAEL
After short pause assenting, thus began.
High matter thou injoinst me, O prime of men,
Sad task and hard, for how shall I relate
To human sense th' invisible exploits
Of warring Spirits; how without remorse
The ruin of so many glorious once
And perfet while they stood; how last unfould
The secrets of another world, perhaps
Not lawful to reveal? yet for thy good
This is dispenc't, and what surmounts the reach
Of human sense, I shall delineate so,
By lik'ning spiritual to corporal forms,
As may express them best, though what if Earth
Be but the shaddow of Heav'n, and things therein
Each to other like, more then on earth is thought?
As yet this world was not, and CHAOS wilde
Reignd where these Heav'ns now rowl, where Earth now rests
Upon her Center pois'd, when on a day
(For Time, though in Eternitie, appli'd
To motion, measures all things durable
By present, past, and future) on such day
As Heav'ns great Year brings forth, th' Empyreal Host
Of Angels by Imperial summons call'd,
Innumerable before th' Almighties Throne
Forthwith from all the ends of Heav'n appeerd
Under thir Hierarchs in orders bright
Ten thousand thousand Ensignes high advanc'd,
Standards, and Gonfalons twixt Van and Reare
Streame in the Aire, and for distinction serve
Of Hierarchies, of Orders, and Degrees;
Or in thir glittering Tissues bear imblaz'd
Holy Memorials, acts of Zeale and Love
Recorded eminent. Thus when in Orbes
Of circuit inexpressible they stood,
Orb within Orb, the Father infinite,
By whom in bliss imbosom'd sat the Son,
Amidst as from a flaming Mount, whoseop
Brightness had made invisible, thus spake.
Hear all ye Angels, Progenie of Light,
Thrones, Dominations, Princedoms, Vertues, Powers,
Hear my Decree, which unrevok't shall stand.
This day I have begot whom I declare
My onely Son, and on this holy Hill
Him have anointed, whom ye now behold
At my right hand; your Head I him appoint;
And by my Self have sworn to him shall bow
All knees in Heav'n, and shall confess him Lord:
Under his great Vice-gerent Reign abide
United as one individual Soule
For ever happie: him who disobeyes
Mee disobeyes, breaks union, and that day
Cast out from God and blessed vision, falls
Into utter darkness, deep ingulft, his place
Ordaind without redemption, without end.
So spake th' Omnipotent, and with his words
All seemd well pleas'd, all seem'd, but were not all.
That day, as other solem dayes, they spent
In song and dance about the sacred Hill,
Mystical dance, which yonder starrie Spheare
Of Planets and of fixt in all her Wheeles
Resembles nearest, mazes intricate,
Eccentric, intervolv'd, yet regular
Then most, when most irregular they seem:
And in thir motions harmonie Divine
So smooths her charming tones, that Gods own ear
Listens delighted. Eevning approachd
(For we have also our Eevning and our Morn,
We ours for change delectable, not need)
Forthwith from dance to sweet repast they turn
Desirous, all in Circles as they stood,
Tables are set, and on a sudden pil'd
With Angels Food, and rubied Nectar flows:
In Pearl, in Diamond, and massie Gold,
Fruit of delicious Vines, the growth of Heav'n.
They eat, they drink, and with refection sweet
Are fill'd, before th' all bounteous King, who showrd
With copious hand, rejoycing in thir joy.
Now when ambrosial Night with Clouds exhal'd
From that high mount of God, whence light & shade
Spring both, the face of brightest Heav'n had changd
To grateful Twilight (for Night comes not there
In darker veile) and roseat Dews dispos'd
All but the unsleeping eyes of God to rest,
Wide over all the Plain, and wider farr
Then all this globous Earth in Plain outspred,
(Such are the Courts of God) Th' Angelic throng
Disperst in Bands and Files thir Camp extend
By living Streams among the Trees of Life,
Pavilions numberless, and sudden reard,
Celestial Tabernacles, where they slept
Fannd with coole Winds, save those who in thir course
Melodious Hymns about the sovran Throne
Alternate all night long: but not so wak'd
SATAN, so call him now, his former name
Is heard no more Heav'n; he of the first,
If not the first Arch-Angel, great in Power,
In favour and praeeminence, yet fraught
With envie against the Son of God, that day
Honourd by his great Father, and proclaimd
MESSIAH King anointed, could not beare
Through pride that sight, and thought himself impaird.
Deep malice thence conceiving & disdain,
Soon as midnight brought on the duskie houre
Friendliest to sleep and silence, he resolv'd
With all his Legions to dislodge, and leave
Unworshipt, unobey'd the Throne supream
Contemptuous, and his next subordinate
Awak'ning, thus to him in secret spake.
Sleepst thou Companion dear, what sleep can close
Thy eye-lids? and remembrest what Decree
Of yesterday, so late hath past the lips
Of Heav'ns Almightie. Thou to me thy thoughts
Wast wont, I mine to thee was wont to impart;
Both waking we were one; how then can now
Thy sleep dissent? new Laws thou seest impos'd;
New Laws from him who reigns, new minds may raise
In us who serve, new Counsels, to debate
What doubtful may ensue, more in this place
To utter is not safe. Assemble thou
Of all those Myriads which we lead the chief;
Tell them that by command, ere yet dim Night
Her shadowie Cloud withdraws, I am to haste,
And all who under me thir Banners wave,
Homeward with flying march where we possess
The Quarters of the North, there to prepare
Fit entertainment to receive our King
The great MESSIAH, and his new commands,
Who speedily through all the Hierarchies
Intends to pass triumphant, and give Laws.
So spake the false Arch-Angel, and infus'd
Bad influence into th' unwarie brest
Of his Associate; hee together calls,
Or several one by one, the Regent Powers,
Under him Regent, tells, as he was taught,
That the most High commanding, now ere Night,
Now ere dim Night had disincumberd Heav'n,
The great Hierarchal Standard was to move;
Tells the suggested cause, and casts between
Ambiguous words and jealousies, to sound
Or taint integritie; but all obey'd
The wonted signal, and superior voice
Of thir great Potentate; for great indeed
His name, and high was his degree in Heav'n;
His count'nance, as the Morning Starr that guides
The starrie flock, allur'd them, and with lyes
Drew after him the third part of Heav'ns Host:
Mean while th' Eternal eye, whose sight discernes
Abstrusest thoughts, from forth his holy Mount
And from within the golden Lamps that burne
Nightly before him, saw without thir light
Rebellion rising, saw in whom, how spred
Among the sons of Morn, what multitudes
Were banded to oppose his high Decree;
And smiling to his onely Son thus said.
Son, thou in whom my glory I behold
In full resplendence, Heir of all my might,
Neerly it now concernes us to be sure
Of our Omnipotence, and with what Arms
We mean to hold what anciently we claim
Of Deitie or Empire, such a foe
Is rising, who intends to erect his Throne
Equal to ours, throughout the spacious North;
Nor so content, hath in his thought to trie
In battel, what our Power is, or our right.
Let us advise, and to this hazard draw
With speed what force is left, and all imploy
In our defence, lest unawares we lose
This our high place, our Sanctuarie, our Hill.
To whom the Son with calm aspect and cleer
Light'ning Divine, ineffable, serene,
Made answer. Mightie Father, thou thy foes
Justly hast in derision, and secure
Laugh'st at thir vain designes and tumults vain,
Matter to mee of Glory, whom thir hate
Illustrates, when they see all Regal Power
Giv'n me to quell thir pride, and in event
Know whether I be dextrous to subdue
Thy Rebels, or be found the worst in Heav'n.
So spake the Son, but SATAN with his Powers
Farr was advanc't on winged speed, an Host
Innumerable as the Starrs of Night,
Or Starrs of Morning, Dew-drops, which the Sun
Impearls on every leaf and every flouer.
Regions they pass'd, the mightie Regencies
Of Seraphim and Potentates and Thrones
In thir triple Degrees, Regions to which
All thy Dominion, ADAM, is no more
Then what this Garden is to all the Earth,
And all the Sea, from one entire globose
Stretcht into Longitude; which having pass'd
At length into the limits of the North
They came, and SATAN to his Royal seat
High on a Hill, far blazing, as a Mount
Rais'd on a Mount, with Pyramids and Towrs
From Diamond Quarries hew'n, & Rocks of Gold,
The Palace of great LUCIFER, (so call
That Structure in the Dialect of men
Interpreted) which not long after, hee
Affecting all equality with God,
In imitation of that Mount whereon
MESSIAH was declar'd in sight of Heav'n,
The Mountain of the Congregation call'd;
For thither he assembl'd all his Train,
Pretending so commanded to consult
About the great reception of thir King,
Thither to come, and with calumnious Art
Of counterfeted truth thus held thir ears.
Thrones, Dominations, Princedomes, Vertues, Powers,
If these magnific Titles yet remain
Not meerly titular, since by Decree
Another now hath to himself ingross't
All Power, and us eclipst under the name
Of King anointed, for whom all this haste
Of midnight march, and hurried meeting here,
This onely to consult how we may best
With what may be devis'd of honours new
Receive him coming to receive from us
Knee-tribute yet unpaid, prostration vile,
Too much to one, but double how endur'd,
To one and to his image now proclaim'd?
But what if better counsels might erect
Our minds and teach us to cast off this Yoke?
Will ye submit your necks, and chuse to bend
The supple knee? ye will not, if I trust
To know ye right, or if ye know your selves
Natives and Sons of Heav'n possest before
By none, and if not equal all, yet free,
Equally free; for Orders and Degrees
Jarr not with liberty, but well consist.
Who can in reason then or right assume
Monarchie over such as live by right
His equals, if in power and splendor less,
In freedome equal? or can introduce
Law and Edict on us, who without law
Erre not, much less for this to be our Lord,
And look for adoration to th' abuse
Of those Imperial Titles which assert
Our being ordain'd to govern, not to serve?
Thus farr his bold discourse without controule
Had audience, when among the Seraphim
ABDIEL, then whom none with more zeale ador'd
The Deitie, and divine commands obei'd,
Stood up, and in a flame of zeale severe
The current of his fury thus oppos'd.
O argument blasphemous, false and proud!
Words which no eare ever to hear in Heav'n
Expected, least of all from thee, ingrate
In place thy self so high above thy Peeres.
Canst thou with impious obloquie condemne
The just Decree of God, pronounc't and sworn,
That to his only Son by right endu'd
With Regal Scepter, every Soule in Heav'n
Shall bend the knee, and in that honour due
Confess him rightful King? unjust thou saist
Flatly unjust, to binde with Laws the free,
And equal over equals to let Reigne,
One over all with unsucceeded power.
Shalt thou give Law to God, shalt thou dispute
With him the points of libertie, who made
Thee what thou art, & formd the Pow'rs of Heav'n
Such as he pleasd, and circumscrib'd thir being?
Yet by experience taught we know how good,
And of our good, and of our dignitie
How provident he is, how farr from thought
To make us less, bent rather to exalt
Our happie state under one Head more neer
United. But to grant it thee unjust,
That equal over equals Monarch Reigne:
Thy self though great & glorious dost thou count,
Or all Angelic Nature joind in one,
Equal to him begotten Son, by whom
As by his Word the mighty Father made
All things, ev'n thee, and all the Spirits of Heav'n
By him created in thir bright degrees,
Crownd them with Glory, & to thir Glory nam'd
Thrones, Dominations, Princedoms, Vertues, Powers
Essential Powers, nor by his Reign obscur'd,
But more illustrious made, since he the Head
One of our number thus reduc't becomes,
His Laws our Laws, all honour to him done
Returns our own. Cease then this impious rage,
And tempt not these; but hast'n to appease
Th' incensed Father, and th' incensed Son,
While Pardon may be found in time besought.
So spake the fervent Angel, but his zeale
None seconded, as out of season judg'd,
Or singular and rash, whereat rejoic'd
Th' Apostat, and more haughty thus repli'd.
That we were formd then saist thou? & the work
Of secondarie hands, by task transferd
From Father to his Son? strange point and new!
Doctrin which we would know whence learnt: who saw
When this creation was? rememberst thou
Thy making, while the Maker gave thee being?
We know no time when we were not as now;
Know none before us, self-begot, self-rais'd
By our own quick'ning power, when fatal course
Had circl'd his full Orbe, the birth mature
Of this our native Heav'n, Ethereal Sons.
Our puissance is our own, our own right hand
Shall teach us highest deeds, by proof to try
Who is our equal: then thou shalt behold
Whether by supplication we intend
Address, and to begirt th' Almighty Throne
Beseeching or besieging. This report,
These tidings carrie to th' anointed King;
And fly, ere evil intercept thy flight.
He said, and as the sound of waters deep
Hoarce murmur echo'd to his words applause
Through the infinite Host, nor less for that
The flaming Seraph fearless, though alone
Encompass'd round with foes, thus answerd bold.
O alienate from God, O spirit accurst,
Forsak'n of all good; I see thy fall
Determind, and thy hapless crew involv'd
In this perfidious fraud, contagion spred
Both of thy crime and punishment: henceforth
No more be troubl'd how to quit the yoke
Of Gods MESSIAH; those indulgent Laws
Will not be now voutsaf't, other Decrees
Against thee are gon forth without recall;
That Golden Scepter which thou didst reject
Is now an Iron Rod to bruise and breake
Thy disobedience. Well thou didst advise,
Yet not for thy advise or threats I fly
These wicked Tents devoted, least the wrauth
Impendent, raging into sudden flame
Distinguish not: for soon expect to feel
His Thunder on thy head, devouring fire.
Then who created thee lamenting learne,
When who can uncreate thee thou shalt know.
So spake the Seraph ABDIEL faithful found,
Among the faithless, faithful only hee;
Among innumerable false, unmov'd,
Unshak'n, unseduc'd, unterrifi'd
His Loyaltie he kept, his Love, his Zeale;
Nor number, nor example with him wrought
To swerve from truth, or change his constant mind
Though single. From amidst them forth he passd,
Long way through hostile scorn, which he susteind
Superior, nor of violence fear'd aught;
And with retorted scorn his back he turn'd
On those proud Towrs to swift destruction doom'd.
THE END OF THE FIFTH BOOK.
PARADISE LOST
BOOK VI.
All night the dreadless Angel unpursu'd
Through Heav'ns wide Champain held his way, till Morn,
Wak't by the circling Hours, with rosie hand
Unbarr'd the gates of Light. There is a Cave
Within the Mount of God, fast by his Throne,
Where light and darkness in perpetual round
Lodge and dislodge by turns, which makes through Heav'n
Grateful vicissitude, like Day and Night;
Light issues forth, and at the other dore
Obsequious darkness enters, till her houre
To veile the Heav'n, though darkness there might well
Seem twilight here; and now went forth the Morn
Such as in highest Heav'n, arrayd in Gold
Empyreal, from before her vanisht Night,
Shot through with orient Beams: when all the Plain
Coverd with thick embatteld Squadrons bright,
Chariots and flaming Armes, and fierie Steeds
Reflecting blaze on blaze, first met his view:
Warr he perceav'd, warr in procinct, and found
Already known what he for news had thought
To have reported: gladly then he mixt
Among those friendly Powers who him receav'd
With joy and acclamations loud, that one
That of so many Myriads fall'n, yet one
Returnd not lost: On to the sacred hill
They led him high applauded, and present
Before the seat supream; from whence a voice
From midst a Golden Cloud thus milde was heard.
Servant of God, well done, well hast thou fought
The better fight, who single hast maintaind
Against revolted multitudes the Cause
Of Truth, in word mightier then they in Armes;
And for the testimonie of Truth hast born
Universal reproach, far worse to beare
Then violence: for this was all thy care
To stand approv'd in sight of God, though Worlds
Judg'd thee perverse: the easier conquest now
Remains thee, aided by this host of friends,
Back on thy foes more glorious to return
Then scornd thou didst depart, and to subdue
By force, who reason for thir Law refuse,
Right reason for thir Law, and for thir King
MESSIAH, who by right of merit Reigns.
Goe MICHAEL of Celestial Armies Prince,
And thou in Military prowess next
GABRIEL, lead forth to Battel these my Sons
Invincible, lead forth my armed Saints
By Thousands and by Millions rang'd for fight;
Equal in number to that Godless crew
Rebellious, them with Fire and hostile Arms
Fearless assault, and to the brow of Heav'n
Pursuing drive them out from God and bliss,
Into thir place of punishment, the Gulf
Of TARTARUS, which ready opens wide
His fiery CHAOS to receave thir fall.
So spake the Sovran voice, and Clouds began
To darken all the Hill, and smoak to rowl
In duskie wreathes, reluctant flames, the signe
Of wrauth awak't: nor with less dread the loud
Ethereal Trumpet from on high gan blow:
At which command the Powers Militant,
That stood for Heav'n, in mighty Quadrate joyn'd
Of Union irresistible, mov'd on
In silence thir bright Legions, to the sound
Of instrumental Harmonie that breath'd
Heroic Ardor to advent'rous deeds
Under thir God-like Leaders, in the Cause
Of God and his MESSIAH. On they move
Indissolubly firm; nor obvious Hill,
Nor streit'ning Vale, nor Wood, nor Stream divides
Thir perfet ranks; for high above the ground
Thir march was, and the passive Air upbore
Thir nimble tread; as when the total kind
Of Birds in orderly array on wing
Came summond over EDEN to receive
Thir names of thee; so over many a tract
Of Heav'n they march'd, and many a Province wide
Tenfold the length of this terrene: at last
Farr in th' Horizon to the North appeer'd
From skirt to skirt a fierie Region, stretcht
In battailous aspect, and neerer view
Bristl'd with upright beams innumerable
Of rigid Spears, and Helmets throng'd, and Shields
Various, with boastful Argument portraid,
The banded Powers of SATAN hasting on
With furious expedition; for they weend
That self same day by fight, or by surprize
To win the Mount of God, and on his Throne
To set the envier of his State, the proud
Aspirer, but thir thoughts prov'd fond and vain
In the mid way: though strange to us it seemd
At first, that Angel should with Angel warr,
And in fierce hosting meet, who wont to meet
So oft in Festivals of joy and love
Unanimous, as sons of one great Sire
Hymning th' Eternal Father: but the shout
Of Battel now began, and rushing sound
Of onset ended soon each milder thought.
High in the midst exalted as a God
Th' Apostat in his Sun-bright Chariot sate
Idol of Majestie Divine, enclos'd
With Flaming Cherubim, and golden Shields;
Then lighted from his gorgeous Throne, for now
'Twixt Host and Host but narrow space was left,
A dreadful interval, and Front to Front
Presented stood in terrible array
Of hideous length: before the cloudie Van,
On the rough edge of battel ere it joyn'd,
SATAN with vast and haughtie strides advanc't,
Came towring, armd in Adamant and Gold;
ABDIEL that sight endur'd not, where he stood
Among the mightiest, bent on highest deeds,
And thus his own undaunted heart explores.
O Heav'n! that such resemblance of the Highest
Should yet remain, where faith and realtie
Remain not; wherfore should not strength & might
There fail where Vertue fails, or weakest prove
Where boldest; though to sight unconquerable?
His puissance, trusting in th' Almightie's aide,
I mean to try, whose Reason I have tri'd
Unsound and false; nor is it aught but just,
That he who in debate of Truth hath won,
Should win in Arms, in both disputes alike
Victor; though brutish that contest and foule,
When Reason hath to deal with force, yet so
Most reason is that Reason overcome.
So pondering, and from his armed Peers
Forth stepping opposite, half way he met
His daring foe, at this prevention more
Incens't, and thus securely him defi'd.
Proud, art thou met? thy hope was to have reacht
The highth of thy aspiring unoppos'd,
The Throne of God unguarded, and his side
Abandond at the terror of thy Power
Or potent tongue; fool, not to think how vain
Against th' Omnipotent to rise in Arms;
Who out of smallest things could without end
Have rais'd incessant Armies to defeat
Thy folly; or with solitarie hand
Reaching beyond all limit, at one blow
Unaided could have finisht thee, and whelmd
Thy Legions under darkness; but thou seest
All are not of thy Train; there be who Faith
Prefer, and Pietie to God, though then
To thee not visible, when I alone
Seemd in thy World erroneous to dissent
From all: my Sect thou seest, now learn too late
How few somtimes may know, when thousands err.
Whom the grand foe with scornful eye askance
Thus answerd. Ill for thee, but in wisht houre
Of my revenge, first sought for thou returnst
From flight, seditious Angel, to receave
Thy merited reward, the first assay
Of this right hand provok't, since first that tongue
Inspir'd with contradiction durst oppose
A third part of the Gods, in Synod met
Thir Deities to assert, who while they feel
Vigour Divine within them, can allow
Omnipotence to none. But well thou comst
Before thy fellows, ambitious to win
From me som Plume, that thy success may show
Destruction to the rest: this pause between
(Unanswerd least thou boast) to let thee know;
At first I thought that Libertie and Heav'n
To heav'nly Soules had bin all one; but now
I see that most through sloth had rather serve,
Ministring Spirits, traind up in Feast and Song;
Such hast thou arm'd, the Minstrelsie of Heav'n,
Servilitie with freedom to contend,
As both thir deeds compar'd this day shall prove.
To whom in brief thus ABDIEL stern repli'd.
Apostat, still thou errst, nor end wilt find
Of erring, from the path of truth remote:
Unjustly thou deprav'st it with the name
Of SERVITUDE to serve whom God ordains,
Or Nature; God and Nature bid the same,
When he who rules is worthiest, and excells
Them whom he governs. This is servitude,
To serve th' unwise, or him who hath rebelld
Against his worthier, as thine now serve thee,
Thy self not free, but to thy self enthrall'd;
Yet leudly dar'st our ministring upbraid.
Reign thou in Hell thy Kingdom, let mee serve
In Heav'n God ever blessed, and his Divine
Behests obey, worthiest to be obey'd,
Yet Chains in Hell, not Realms expect: mean while
From mee returnd, as erst thou saidst, from flight,
This greeting on thy impious Crest receive.
So saying, a noble stroke he lifted high,
Which hung not, but so swift with tempest fell
On the proud Crest of SATAN, that no sight,
Nor motion of swift thought, less could his Shield
Such ruin intercept: ten paces huge
He back recoild; the tenth on bended knee
His massie Spear upstaid; as if on Earth
Winds under ground or waters forcing way
Sidelong, had push't a Mountain from his seat
Half sunk with all his Pines. Amazement seis'd
The Rebel Thrones, but greater rage to see
Thus foil'd thir mightiest, ours joy filld, and shout,
Presage of Victorie and fierce desire
Of Battel: whereat MICHAEL bid sound
Th' Arch-Angel trumpet; through the vast of Heav'n
It sounded, and the faithful Armies rung
HOSANNA to the Highest: nor stood at gaze
The adverse Legions, nor less hideous joyn'd
The horrid shock: now storming furie rose,
And clamour such as heard in Heav'n till now
Was never, Arms on Armour clashing bray'd
Horrible discord, and the madding Wheeles
Of brazen Chariots rag'd; dire was the noise
Of conflict; over head the dismal hiss
Of fiery Darts in flaming volies flew,
And flying vaulted either Host with fire.
Sounder fierie Cope together rush'd
Both Battels maine, with ruinous assault
And inextinguishable rage; all Heav'n
Resounded, and had Earth bin then, all Earth
Had to her Center shook. What wonder? when
Millions of fierce encountring Angels fought
On either side, the least of whom could weild
These Elements, and arm him with the force
Of all thir Regions: how much more of Power
Armie against Armie numberless to raise
Dreadful combustion warring, and disturb,
Though not destroy, thir happie Native seat;
Had not th' Eternal King Omnipotent
From his strong hold of Heav'n high over-rul'd
And limited thir might; though numberd such
As each divided Legion might have seemd
A numerous Host, in strength each armed hand
A Legion; led in fight, yet Leader seemd
Each Warriour single as in Chief, expert
When to advance, or stand, or turn the sway
Of Battel, open when, and when to close
The ridges of grim Warr; no thought of flight,
None of retreat, no unbecoming deed
That argu'd fear; each on himself reli'd,
As onely in his arm the moment lay
Of victorie; deeds of eternal fame
Were don, but infinite: for wide was spred
That Warr and various; somtimes on firm ground
A standing fight, then soaring on main wing
Tormented all the Air; all Air seemd then
Conflicting Fire: long time in eeven scale
The Battel hung; till SATAN, who that day
Prodigious power had shewn, and met in Armes
No equal, raunging through the dire attack
Of fighting Seraphim confus'd, at length
Saw where the Sword of MICHAEL smote, and fell'd
Squadrons at once, with huge two-handed sway
Brandisht aloft the horrid edge came down
Wide wasting; such destruction to withstand
He hasted, and oppos'd the rockie Orb
Of tenfold Adamant, his ample Shield
A vast circumference: At his approach
The great Arch-Angel from his warlike toile
Surceas'd, and glad as hoping here to end
Intestine War in Heav'n, the arch foe subdu'd
Or Captive drag'd in Chains, with hostile frown
And visage all enflam'd first thus began.
Author of evil, unknown till thy revolt,
Unnam'd in Heav'n, now plenteous, as thou seest
These Acts of hateful strife, hateful to all,
Though heaviest by just measure on thy self
And thy adherents: how hast thou disturb'd
Heav'ns blessed peace, and into Nature brought
Miserie, uncreated till the crime
Of thy Rebellion? how hast thou instill'd
Thy malice into thousands, once upright
And faithful, now prov'd false. But think not here
To trouble Holy Rest; Heav'n casts thee out
From all her Confines. Heav'n the seat of bliss
Brooks not the works of violence and Warr.
Hence then, and evil go with thee along
Thy ofspring, to the place of evil, Hell,
Thou and thy wicked crew; there mingle broiles,
Ere this avenging Sword begin thy doome,
Or som more sudden vengeance wing'd from God
Precipitate thee with augmented paine.
So spake the Prince of Angels; to whom thus
The Adversarie. Nor think thou with wind
Of airie threats to aw whom yet with deeds
Thou canst not. Hast thou turnd the least of these
To flight, or if to fall, but that they rise
Unvanquisht, easier to transact with mee
That thou shouldst hope, imperious, & with threats
To chase me hence? erre not that so shall end
The strife which thou call'st evil, but wee style
The strife of Glorie: which we mean to win,
Or turn this Heav'n it self into the Hell
Thou fablest, here however to dwell free,
If not to reign: mean while thy utmost force,
And join him nam'd ALMIGHTIE to thy aid,
I flie not, but have sought thee farr and nigh.
They ended parle, and both addrest for fight
Unspeakable; for who, though with the tongue
Of Angels, can relate, or to what things
Liken on Earth conspicuous, that may lift
Human imagination to such highth
Of Godlike Power: for likest Gods they seemd,
Stood they or mov'd, in stature, motion, arms
Fit to decide the Empire of great Heav'n.
Now wav'd thir fierie Swords, and in the Aire
Made horrid Circles; two broad Suns thir Shields
Blaz'd opposite, while expectation stood
In horror; from each hand with speed retir'd
Where erst was thickest fight, th' Angelic throng,
And left large field, unsafe within the wind
Of such commotion, such as to set forth
Great things by small, If Natures concord broke,
Among the Constellations warr were sprung,
Two Planets rushing from aspect maligne
Of fiercest opposition in mid Skie,
Should combat, and thir jarring Sphears confound.
Together both with next to Almightie Arme,
Uplifted imminent one stroke they aim'd
That might determine, and not need repeate,
As not of power, at once; nor odds appeerd
In might or swift prevention; but the sword
Of MICHAEL from the Armorie of God
Was giv'n him temperd so, that neither keen
Nor solid might resist that edge: it met
The sword of SATAN with steep force to smite
Descending, and in half cut sheere, nor staid,
But with swift wheele reverse, deep entring shar'd
All his right side; then SATAN first knew pain,
And writh'd him to and fro convolv'd; so sore
The griding sword with discontinuous wound
Pass'd through him, but th' Ethereal substance clos'd
Not long divisible, and from the gash
A stream of Nectarous humor issuing flow'd
Sanguin, such as Celestial Spirits may bleed,
And all his Armour staind ere while so bright.
Forthwith on all sides to his aide was run
By Angels many and strong, who interpos'd
Defence, while others bore him on thir Shields
Back to his Chariot; where it stood retir'd
From off the files of warr; there they him laid
Gnashing for anguish and despite and shame
To find himself not matchless, and his pride
Humbl'd by such rebuke, so farr beneath
His confidence to equal God in power.
Yet soon he heal'd; for Spirits that live throughout
Vital in every part, not as frail man
In Entrailes, Heart or Head, Liver or Reines,
Cannot but by annihilating die;
Nor in thir liquid texture mortal wound
Receive, no more then can the fluid Aire:
All Heart they live, all Head, all Eye, all Eare,
All Intellect, all Sense, and as they please,
They Limb themselves, and colour, shape or size
Assume, as likes them best, condense or rare.
Mean while in other parts like deeds deservd
Memorial, where the might of GABRIEL fought,
And with fierce Ensignes pierc'd the deep array
Of MOLOC furious King, who him defi'd,
And at his Chariot wheeles to drag him bound
Threatn'd, nor from the Holie One of Heav'n
Refrein'd his tongue blasphemous; but anon
Down clov'n to the waste, with shatterd Armes
And uncouth paine fled bellowing. On each wing
URIEL and RAPHAEL his vaunting foe,
Though huge, and in a Rock of Diamond Armd,
Vanquish'd ADRAMELEC, and ASMADAI,
Two potent Thrones, that to be less then Gods
Disdain'd, but meaner thoughts learnd in thir flight,
Mangl'd with gastly wounds through Plate and Maile.
Nor stood unmindful ABDIEL to annoy
The Atheist crew, but with redoubl'd blow
ARIEL and ARIOC, and the violence
Of RAMIEL scorcht and blasted overthrew.
I might relate of thousands, and thir names
Eternize here on Earth; but those elect
Angels contented with thir fame in Heav'n
Seek not the praise of men: the other sort
In might though wondrous and in Acts of Warr,
Nor of Renown less eager, yet by doome
Canceld from Heav'n and sacred memorie,
Nameless in dark oblivion let them dwell.
For strength from Truth divided and from Just,
Illaudable, naught merits but dispraise
And ignominie, yet to glorie aspires
Vain glorious, and through infamie seeks fame:
Therfore Eternal silence be thir doome.
And now thir mightiest quelld, the battel swerv'd,
With many an inrode gor'd; deformed rout
Enter'd, and foul disorder; all the ground
With shiverd armour strow'n, and on a heap
Chariot and Charioter lay overturnd
And fierie foaming Steeds; what stood, recoyld
Orewearied, through the faint Satanic Host
Defensive scarse, or with pale fear surpris'd,
Then first with fear surpris'd and sense of paine
Fled ignominious, to such evil brought
By sinne of disobedience, till that hour
Not liable to fear or flight or paine.
Far otherwise th' inviolable Saints
In Cubic Phalanx firm advanc't entire,
Invulnerable, impenitrably arm'd:
Such high advantages thir innocence
Gave them above thir foes, not to have sinnd,
Not to have disobei'd; in fight they stood
Unwearied, unobnoxious to be pain'd
By wound, though from thir place by violence mov'd.
Now Night her course began, and over Heav'n
Inducing darkness, grateful truce impos'd,
And silence on the odious dinn of Warr:
Under her Cloudie covert both retir'd,
Victor and Vanquisht: on the foughten field
MICHAEL and his Angels prevalent
Encamping, plac'd in Guard thir Watches round,
Cherubic waving fires: on th' other part
SATAN with his rebellious disappeerd,
Far in the dark dislodg'd, and void of rest,
His Potentates to Councel call'd by night;
And in the midst thus undismai'd began.
O now in danger tri'd, now known in Armes
Not to be overpowerd, Companions deare,
Found worthy not of Libertie alone,
Too mean pretense, but what we more affect,
Honour, Dominion, Glorie, and renowne,
Who have sustaind one day in doubtful fight,
(And if one day, why not Eternal dayes?)
What Heavens Lord had powerfullest to send
Against us from about his Throne, and judg'd
Sufficient to subdue us to his will,
But proves not so: then fallible, it seems,
Of future we may deem him, though till now
Omniscient thought. True is, less firmly arm'd,
Some disadvantage we endur'd and paine,
Till now not known, but known as soon contemnd,
Since now we find this our Empyreal forme
Incapable of mortal injurie
Imperishable, and though peirc'd with wound,
Soon closing, and by native vigour heal'd.
Of evil then so small as easie think
The remedie; perhaps more valid Armes,
Weapons more violent, when next we meet,
May serve to better us, and worse our foes,
Or equal what between us made the odds,
In Nature none: if other hidden cause
Left them Superiour, while we can preserve
Unhurt our mindes, and understanding sound,
Due search and consultation will disclose.
He sat; and in th' assembly next upstood
NISROC, of Principalities the prime;
As one he stood escap't from cruel fight,
Sore toild, his riv'n Armes to havoc hewn,
And cloudie in aspect thus answering spake.
Deliverer from new Lords, leader to free
Enjoyment of our right as Gods; yet hard
For Gods, and too unequal work we find
Against unequal armes to fight in paine,
Against unpaind, impassive; from which evil
Ruin must needs ensue; for what availes
Valour or strength, though matchless, quelld with pain
Which all subdues, and makes remiss the hands
Of Mightiest. Sense of pleasure we may well
Spare out of life perhaps, and not repine,
But live content, which is the calmest life:
But pain is perfet miserie, the worst
Of evils, and excessive, overturnes
All patience. He who therefore can invent
With what more forcible we may offend
Our yet unwounded Enemies, or arme
Our selves with like defence, to mee deserves
No less then for deliverance what we owe.
Whereto with look compos'd SATAN repli'd.
Not uninvented that, which thou aright
Beleivst so main to our success, I bring;
Which of us who beholds the bright surface
Of this Ethereous mould whereon we stand,
This continent of spacious Heav'n, adornd
With Plant, Fruit, Flour Ambrosial, Gemms & Gold,
Whose Eye so superficially surveyes
These things, as not to mind from whence they grow
Deep under ground, materials dark and crude,
Of spiritous and fierie spume, till toucht
With Heav'ns ray, and temperd they shoot forth
So beauteous, op'ning to the ambient light.
These in thir dark Nativitie the Deep
Shall yeild us, pregnant with infernal flame,
Which into hallow Engins long and round
Thick-rammd, at th' other bore with touch of fire
Dilated and infuriate shall send forth
From far with thundring noise among our foes
Such implements of mischief as shall dash
To pieces, and orewhelm whatever stands
Adverse, that they shall fear we have disarmd
The Thunderer of his only dreaded bolt.
Nor long shall be our labour, yet ere dawne,
Effect shall end our wish. Mean while revive;
Abandon fear; to strength and counsel joind
Think nothing hard, much less to be despaird.
He ended, and his words thir drooping chere
Enlightn'd, and thir languisht hope reviv'd.
Th' invention all admir'd, and each, how hee
To be th' inventer miss'd, so easie it seemd
Once found, which yet unfound most would have thought
Impossible: yet haply of thy Race
In future dayes, if Malice should abound,
Some one intent on mischief, or inspir'd
With dev'lish machination might devise
Like instrument to plague the Sons of men
For sin, on warr and mutual slaughter bent.
Forthwith from Councel to the work they flew,
None arguing stood, innumerable hands
Were ready, in a moment up they turnd
Wide the Celestial soile, and saw beneath
Th' originals of Nature in thir crude
Conception; Sulphurous and Nitrous Foame
They found, they mingl'd, and with suttle Art,
Concocted and adusted they reduc'd
To blackest grain, and into store conveyd:
Part hidd'n veins diggd up (nor hath this Earth
Entrails unlike) of Mineral and Stone,
Whereof to found thir Engins and thir Balls
Of missive ruin; part incentive reed
Provide, pernicious with one touch to fire.
So all ere day spring, under conscious Night
Secret they finish'd, and in order set,
With silent circumspection unespi'd.
Now when fair Morn Orient in Heav'n appeerd
Up rose the Victor Angels, and to Arms
The matin Trumpet Sung: in Arms they stood
Of Golden Panoplie, refulgent Host,
Soon banded; others from the dawning Hills
Lookd round, and Scouts each Coast light-armed scoure,
Each quarter, to descrie the distant foe,
Where lodg'd, or whither fled, or if for fight,
In motion or in alt: him soon they met
Under spred Ensignes moving nigh, in slow
But firm Battalion; back with speediest Sail
ZEPHIEL, of Cherubim the swiftest wing,
Came flying, and in mid Aire aloud thus cri'd.
Arme, Warriours, Arme for fight, the foe at hand,
Whom fled we thought, will save us long pursuit
This day, fear not his flight; so thick a Cloud
He comes, and settl'd in his face I see
Sad resolution and secure: let each
His Adamantine coat gird well, and each
Fit well his Helme, gripe fast his orbed Shield,
Born eevn or high, for this day will pour down,
If I conjecture aught, no drizling showr,
But ratling storm of Arrows barbd with fire.
So warnd he them aware themselves, and soon
In order, quit of all impediment;
Instant without disturb they took Allarm,
And onward move Embattelld; when behold
Not distant far with heavie pace the Foe
Approaching gross and huge; in hollow Cube
Training his devilish Enginrie, impal'd
On every side with shaddowing Squadrons Deep,
To hide the fraud. At interview both stood
A while, but suddenly at head appeerd
SATAN: And thus was heard Commanding loud.
Vangard, to Right and Left the Front unfould;
That all may see who hate us, how we seek
Peace and composure, and with open brest
Stand readie to receive them, if they like
Our overture, and turn not back perverse;
But that I doubt, however witness Heaven,
Heav'n witness thou anon, while we discharge
Freely our part: yee who appointed stand
Do as you have in charge, and briefly touch
What we propound, and loud that all may hear.
So scoffing in ambiguous words, he scarce
Had ended; when to Right and Left the Front
Divided, and to either Flank retir'd.
Which to our eyes discoverd new and strange,
A triple-mounted row of Pillars laid
On Wheels (for like to Pillars most they seem'd
Or hollow'd bodies made of Oak or Firr
With branches lopt, in Wood or Mountain fell'd)
Brass, Iron, Stonie mould, had not thir mouthes
With hideous orifice gap't on us wide,
Portending hollow truce; at each behind
A Seraph stood, and in his hand a Reed
Stood waving tipt with fire; while we suspense,
Collected stood within our thoughts amus'd,
Not long, for sudden all at once thir Reeds
Put forth, and to a narrow vent appli'd
With nicest touch. Immediate in a flame,
But soon obscur'd with smoak, all Heav'n appeerd,
From those deep-throated Engins belcht, whose roar
Emboweld with outragious noise the Air,
And all her entrails tore, disgorging foule
Thir devillish glut, chaind Thunderbolts and Hail
Of Iron Globes, which on the Victor Host
Level'd, with such impetuous furie smote,
That whom they hit, none on thir feet might stand,
Though standing else as Rocks, but down they fell
By thousands, Angel on Arch-Angel rowl'd;
The sooner for thir Arms, unarm'd they might
Have easily as Spirits evaded swift
By quick contraction or remove; but now
Foule dissipation follow'd and forc't rout;
Nor serv'd it to relax thir serried files.
What should they do? if on they rusht, repulse
Repeated, and indecent overthrow
Doubl'd, would render them yet more despis'd,
And to thir foes a laughter; for in view
Stood rankt of Seraphim another row
In posture to displode thir second tire
Of Thunder: back defeated to return
They worse abhorr'd. SATAN beheld thir plight,
And to his Mates thus in derision call'd.
O Friends, why come not on these Victors proud?
Ere while they fierce were coming, and when wee,
To entertain them fair with open Front
And Brest, (what could we more?) propounded terms
Of composition, strait they chang'd thir minds,
Flew off, and into strange vagaries fell,
As they would dance, yet for a dance they seemd
Somwhat extravagant and wilde, perhaps
For joy of offerd peace: but I suppose
If our proposals once again were heard
We should compel them to a quick result.
To whom thus BELIAL in like gamesom mood.
Leader, the terms we sent were terms of weight,
Of hard contents, and full of force urg'd home,
Such as we might perceive amus'd them all,
And stumbl'd many, who receives them right,
Had need from head to foot well understand;
Not understood, this gift they have besides,
They shew us when our foes walk not upright.
So they among themselves in pleasant veine
Stood scoffing, highthn'd in thir thoughts beyond
All doubt of Victorie, eternal might
To match with thir inventions they presum'd
So easie, and of his Thunder made a scorn,
And all his Host derided, while they stood
A while in trouble; but they stood not long,
Rage prompted them at length, & found them arms
Against such hellish mischief fit to oppose.
Forthwith (behold the excellence, the power
Which God hath in his mighty Angels plac'd)
Thir Arms away they threw, and to the Hills
(For Earth hath this variety from Heav'n
Of pleasure situate in Hill and Dale)
Light as the Lightning glimps they ran, they flew,
From thir foundations loosning to and fro
They pluckt the seated Hills with all thir load,
Rocks, Waters, Woods, and by the shaggie tops
Up lifting bore them in thir hands: Amaze,
Be sure, and terrour seis'd the rebel Host,
When coming towards them so dread they saw
The bottom of the Mountains upward turn'd,
Till on those cursed Engins triple-row
They saw them whelmd, and all thir confidence
Under the weight of Mountains buried deep,
Themselves invaded next, and on thir heads
Main Promontories flung, which in the Air
Came shadowing, and opprest whole Legions arm'd,
Thir armor help'd thir harm, crush't in and brus'd
Into thir substance pent, which wrought them pain
Implacable, and many a dolorous groan,
Long strugling underneath, ere they could wind
Out of such prison, though Spirits of purest light,
Purest at first, now gross by sinning grown.
The rest in imitation to like Armes
Betook them, and the neighbouring Hills uptore;
So Hills amid the Air encounterd Hills
Hurl'd to and fro with jaculation dire,
That under ground they fought in dismal shade;
Infernal noise; Warr seem'd a civil Game
To this uproar; horrid confusion heapt
Upon confusion rose: and now all Heav'n
Had gone to wrack, with ruin overspred,
Had not th' Almightie Father where he sits
Shrin'd in his Sanctuarie of Heav'n secure,
Consulting on the sum of things, foreseen
This tumult, and permitted all, advis'd:
That his great purpose he might so fulfill,
To honour his Anointed Son aveng'd
Upon his enemies, and to declare
All power on him transferr'd: whence to his Son
Th' Assessor of his Throne he thus began.
Effulgence of my Glorie, Son belov'd,
Son in whose face invisible is beheld
Visibly, what by Deitie I am,
And in whose hand what by Decree I doe,
Second Omnipotence, two dayes are past,
Two dayes, as we compute the dayes of Heav'n,
Since MICHAEL and his Powers went forth to tame
These disobedient; sore hath been thir fight,
As likeliest was, when two such Foes met arm'd;
For to themselves I left them, and thou knowst,
Equal in their Creation they were form'd,
Save what sin hath impaird, which yet hath wrought
Insensibly, for I suspend thir doom;
Whence in perpetual fight they needs must last
Endless, and no solution will be found:
Warr wearied hath perform'd what Warr can do,
And to disorder'd rage let loose the reines,
With Mountains as with Weapons arm'd, which makes
Wild work in Heav'n, and dangerous to the maine.
Two dayes are therefore past, the third is thine;
For thee I have ordain'd it, and thus farr
Have sufferd, that the Glorie may be thine
Of ending this great Warr, since none but Thou
Can end it. Into thee such Vertue and Grace
Immense I have transfus'd, that all may know
In Heav'n and Hell thy Power above compare,
And this perverse Commotion governd thus,
To manifest thee worthiest to be Heir
Of all things, to be Heir and to be King
By Sacred Unction, thy deserved right.
Go then thou Mightiest in thy Fathers might,
Ascend my Chariot, guide the rapid Wheeles
That shake Heav'ns basis, bring forth all my Warr,
My Bow and Thunder, my Almightie Arms
Gird on, and Sword upon thy puissant Thigh;
Pursue these sons of Darkness, drive them out
From all Heav'ns bounds into the utter Deep:
There let them learn, as likes them, to despise
God and MESSIAH his anointed King.
He said, and on his Son with Rayes direct
Shon full, he all his Father full exprest
Ineffably into his face receiv'd,
And thus the filial Godhead answering spake.
O Father, O Supream of heav'nly Thrones,
First, Highest, Holiest, Best, thou alwayes seekst
To glorifie thy Son, I alwayes thee,
As is most just; this I my Glorie account,
My exaltation, and my whole delight,
That thou in me well pleas'd, declarst thy will
Fulfill'd, which to fulfil is all my bliss.
Scepter and Power, thy giving, I assume,
And gladlier shall resign, when in the end
Thou shalt be All in All, and I in thee
For ever, and in mee all whom thou lov'st:
But whom thou hat'st, I hate, and can put on
Thy terrors, as I put thy mildness on,
Image of thee in all things; and shall soon,
Armd with thy might, rid heav'n of these rebell'd,
To thir prepar'd ill Mansion driven down
To chains of Darkness, and th' undying Worm,
That from thy just obedience could revolt,
Whom to obey is happiness entire.
Then shall thy Saints unmixt, and from th' impure
Farr separate, circling thy holy Mount
Unfained HALLELUIAHS to thee sing,
Hymns of high praise, and I among them chief.
So said, he o're his Scepter bowing, rose
From the right hand of Glorie where he sate,
And the third sacred Morn began to shine
Dawning through Heav'n: forth rush'd with whirlwind sound
The Chariot of Paternal Deitie,
Flashing thick flames, Wheele within Wheele undrawn,
It self instinct with Spirit, but convoyd
By four Cherubic shapes, four Faces each
Had wondrous, as with Starrs thir bodies all
And Wings were set with Eyes, with Eyes the Wheels
Of Beril, and careering Fires between;
Over thir heads a chrystal Firmament,
Whereon a Saphir Throne, inlaid with pure
Amber, and colours of the showrie Arch.
Hee in Celestial Panoplie all armd
Of radiant URIM, work divinely wrought,
Ascended, at his right hand Victorie
Sate Eagle-wing'd, beside him hung his Bow
And Quiver with three-bolted Thunder stor'd,
And from about him fierce Effusion rowld
Of smoak and bickering flame, and sparkles dire;
Attended with ten thousand thousand Saints,
He onward came, farr off his coming shon,
And twentie thousand (I thir number heard)
Chariots of God, half on each hand were seen:
Hee on the wings of Cherub rode sublime
On the Crystallin Skie, in Saphir Thron'd.
Illustrious farr and wide, but by his own
First seen, them unexpected joy surpriz'd,
When the great Ensign of MESSIAH blaz'd
Aloft by Angels born, his Sign in Heav'n:
Under whose Conduct MICHAEL soon reduc'd
His Armie, circumfus'd on either Wing,
Under thir Head imbodied all in one.
Before him Power Divine his way prepar'd;
At his command the uprooted Hills retir'd
Each to his place, they heard his voice and went
Obsequious, Heav'n his wonted face renewd,
And with fresh Flourets Hill and Valley smil'd.
This saw his hapless Foes, but stood obdur'd,
And to rebellious fight rallied thir Powers
Insensate, hope conceiving from despair.
In heav'nly Spirits could such perverseness dwell?
But to convince the proud what Signs availe,
Or Wonders move th' obdurate to relent?
They hard'nd more by what might most reclame,
Grieving to see his Glorie, at the sight
Took envie, and aspiring to his highth,
Stood reimbattell'd fierce, by force or fraud
Weening to prosper, and at length prevaile
Against God and MESSIAH, or to fall
In universal ruin last, and now
To final Battel drew, disdaining flight,
Or faint retreat; when the great Son of God
To all his Host on either hand thus spake.
Stand still in bright array ye Saints, here stand
Ye Angels arm'd, this day from Battel rest;
Faithful hath been your Warfare, and of God
Accepted, fearless in his righteous Cause,
And as ye have receivd, so have ye don
Invincibly; but of this cursed crew
The punishment to other hand belongs,
Vengeance is his, or whose he sole appoints;
Number to this dayes work is not ordain'd
Nor multitude, stand onely and behold
Gods indignation on these Godless pourd
By mee; not you but mee they have despis'd,
Yet envied; against mee is all thir rage,
Because the Father, t' whom in Heav'n supream
Kingdom and Power and Glorie appertains,
Hath honourd me according to his will.
Therefore to mee thir doom he hath assig'n'd;
That they may have thir wish, to trie with mee
In Battel which the stronger proves, they all,
Or I alone against them, since by strength
They measure all, of other excellence
Not emulous, nor care who them excells;
Nor other strife with them do I voutsafe.
So spake the Son, and into terrour chang'd
His count'nance too severe to be beheld
And full of wrauth bent on his Enemies.
At once the Four spred out thir Starrie wings
With dreadful shade contiguous, and the Orbes
Of his fierce Chariot rowld, as with the sound
Of torrent Floods, or of a numerous Host.
Hee on his impious Foes right onward drove,
Gloomie as Night; under his burning Wheeles
The stedfast Empyrean shook throughout,
All but the Throne it self of God. Full soon
Among them he arriv'd; in his right hand
Grasping ten thousand Thunders, which he sent
Before him, such as in thir Soules infix'd
Plagues; they astonisht all resistance lost,
All courage; down thir idle weapons drop'd;
O're Shields and Helmes, and helmed heads he rode
Of Thrones and mighty Seraphim prostrate,
That wish'd the Mountains now might be again
Thrown on them as a shelter from his ire.
Nor less on either side tempestuous fell
His arrows, from the fourfold-visag'd Foure,
Distinct with eyes, and from the living Wheels,
Distinct alike with multitude of eyes,
One Spirit in them rul'd, and every eye
Glar'd lightning, and shot forth pernicious fire
Among th' accurst, that witherd all thir strength,
And of thir wonted vigour left them draind,
Exhausted, spiritless, afflicted, fall'n.
Yet half his strength he put not forth, but check'd
His Thunder in mid Volie, for he meant
Not to destroy, but root them out of Heav'n:
The overthrown he rais'd, and as a Heard
Of Goats or timerous flock together throngd
Drove them before him Thunder-struck, pursu'd
With terrors and with furies to the bounds
And Chrystall wall of Heav'n, which op'ning wide,
Rowld inward, and a spacious Gap disclos'd
Into the wastful Deep; the monstrous sight
Strook them with horror backward, but far worse
Urg'd them behind; headlong themselvs they threw
Down from the verge of Heav'n, Eternal wrauth
Burnt after them to the bottomless pit.
Hell heard th' unsufferable noise, Hell saw
Heav'n ruining from Heav'n and would have fled
Affrighted; but strict Fate had cast too deep
Her dark foundations, and too fast had bound.
Nine dayes they fell; confounded CHAOS roard,
And felt tenfold confusion in thir fall
Through his wilde Anarchie, so huge a rout
Incumberd him with ruin: Hell at last
Yawning receavd them whole, and on them clos'd,
Hell thir fit habitation fraught with fire
Unquenchable, the house of woe and paine.
Disburd'nd Heav'n rejoic'd, and soon repaird
Her mural breach, returning whence it rowld.
Sole Victor from th' expulsion of his Foes
MESSIAH his triumphal Chariot turnd:
To meet him all his Saints, who silent stood
Eye witnesses of his Almightie Acts,
With Jubilie advanc'd; and as they went,
Shaded with branching Palme, each order bright,
Sung Triumph, and him sung Victorious King,
Son, Heire, and Lord, to him Dominion giv'n,
Worthiest to Reign: he celebrated rode
Triumphant through mid Heav'n, into the Courts
And Temple of his mightie Father Thron'd
On high; who into Glorie him receav'd,
Where now he sits at the right hand of bliss.
Thus measuring things in Heav'n by things on Earth
At thy request, and that thou maist beware
By what is past, to thee I have reveal'd
What might have else to human Race bin hid;
The discord which befel, and Warr in Heav'n
Among th' Angelic Powers, and the deep fall
Of those too high aspiring, who rebelld
With SATAN, hee who envies now thy state,
Who now is plotting how he may seduce
Thee also from obedience, that with him
Bereavd of happiness thou maist partake
His punishment, Eternal miserie;
Which would be all his solace and revenge,
As a despite don against the most High,
Thee once to gaine Companion of his woe.
But list'n not to his Temptations, warne
Thy weaker; let it profit thee to have heard
By terrible Example the reward
Of disobedience; firm they might have stood,
Yet fell; remember, and fear to transgress.
THE END OF THE SIXTH BOOK.
PARADISE LOST.
BOOK VII.
Descend from Heav'n URANIA, by that name
If rightly thou art call'd, whose Voice divine
Following, above th' OLYMPIAN Hill I soare,
Above the flight of PEGASEAN wing.
The meaning, not the Name I call: for thou
Nor of the Muses nine, nor on the top
Of old OLYMPUS dwell'st, but Heav'nlie borne,
Before the Hills appeerd, or Fountain flow'd,
Thou with Eternal wisdom didst converse,
Wisdom thy Sister, and with her didst play
In presence of th' Almightie Father, pleas'd
With thy Celestial Song. Up led by thee
Into the Heav'n of Heav'ns I have presum'd,
An Earthlie Guest, and drawn Empyreal Aire,
Thy tempring; with like safetie guided down
Return me to my Native Element:
Least from this flying Steed unrein'd, (as once
BELLEROPHON, though from a lower Clime)
Dismounted, on th' ALEIAN Field I fall
Erroneous, there to wander and forlorne.
Half yet remaines unsung, but narrower bound
Within the visible Diurnal Spheare;
Standing on Earth, not rapt above the Pole,
More safe I Sing with mortal voice, unchang'd
To hoarce or mute, though fall'n on evil dayes,
On evil dayes though fall'n, and evil tongues;
In darkness, and with dangers compast rouud,
And solitude; yet not alone, while thou
Visit'st my slumbers Nightly, or when Morn
Purples the East: still govern thou my Song,
URANIA, and fit audience find, though few.
But drive farr off the barbarous dissonance
Of BACCHUS and his Revellers, the Race
Of that wilde Rout that tore the THRACIAN Bard
In RHODOPE, where Woods and Rocks had Eares
To rapture, till the savage clamor dround
Both Harp and Voice; nor could the Muse defend
Her Son. So fail not thou, who thee implores:
For thou art Heav'nlie, shee an empty dreame.
Say Goddess, what ensu'd when RAPHAEL,
The affable Arch-angel, had forewarn'd
ADAM by dire example to beware
Apostasie, by what befell in Heaven
To those Apostates, least the like befall
In Paradise to ADAM or his Race,
Charg'd not to touch the interdicted Tree,
If they transgress, and slight that sole command,
So easily obeyd amid the choice
Of all tasts else to please thir appetite,
Though wandring. He with his consorted EVE
The storie heard attentive, and was fill'd
With admiration, and deep Muse to heare
Of things so high and strange, things to thir thought
So unimaginable as hate in Heav'n,
And Warr so neer the Peace of God in bliss
With such confusion: but the evil soon
Driv'n back redounded as a flood on those
From whom it sprung, impossible to mix
With Blessedness. Whence ADAM soon repeal'd
The doubts that in his heart arose: and now
Led on, yet sinless, with desire to know
What neerer might concern him, how this World
Of Heav'n and Earth conspicuous first began,
When, and whereof created, for what cause,
What within EDEN or without was done
Before his memorie, as one whose drouth
Yet scarce allay'd still eyes the current streame,
Whose liquid murmur heard new thirst excites,
Proceeded thus to ask his Heav'nly Guest.
Great things, and full of wonder in our eares,
Farr differing from this World, thou hast reveal'd
Divine Interpreter, by favour sent
Down from the Empyrean to forewarne
Us timely of what might else have bin our loss,
Unknown, which human knowledg could not reach:
For which to the infinitly Good we owe
Immortal thanks, and his admonishment
Receave with solemne purpose to observe
Immutably his sovran will, the end
Of what we are. But since thou hast voutsaf't
Gently for our instruction to impart
Things above Earthly thought, which yet concernd
Our knowing, as to highest wisdom seemd,
Deign to descend now lower, and relate
What may no less perhaps availe us known,
How first began this Heav'n which we behold
Distant so high, with moving Fires adornd
Innumerable, and this which yeelds or fills
All space, the ambient Aire wide interfus'd
Imbracing round this florid Earth, what cause
Mov'd the Creator in his holy Rest
Through all Eternitie so late to build
In CHAOS, and the work begun, how soon
Absolv'd, if unforbid thou maist unfould
What wee, not to explore the secrets aske
Of his Eternal Empire, but the more
To magnifie his works, the more we know.
And the great Light of Day yet wants to run
Much of his Race though steep, suspens in Heav'n
Held by thy voice, thy potent voice he heares,
And longer will delay to heare thee tell
His Generation, and the rising Birth
Of Nature from the unapparent Deep:
Or if the Starr of Eevning and the Moon
Haste to thy audience, Night with her will bring
Silence, and Sleep listning to thee will watch,
Or we can bid his absence, till thy Song
End, and dismiss thee ere the Morning shine.
Thus ADAM his illustrous Guest besought:
And thus the Godlike Angel answerd milde.
This also thy request with caution askt
Obtaine: though to recount Almightie works
What words or tongue of Seraph can suffice,
Or heart of man suffice to comprehend?
Yet what thou canst attain, which best may serve
To glorifie the Maker, and inferr
Thee also happier, shall not be withheld
Thy hearing, such Commission from above
I have receav'd, to answer thy desire
Of knowledge within bounds; beyond abstain
To ask, nor let thine own inventions hope
Things not reveal'd, which th' invisible King,
Onely Omniscient, hath supprest in Night,
To none communicable in Earth or Heaven:
Anough is left besides to search and know.
But Knowledge is as food, and needs no less
Her Temperance over Appetite, to know
In measure what the mind may well contain,
Oppresses else with Surfet, and soon turns
Wisdom to Folly, as Nourishment to Winde.
Know then, that after LUCIFER from Heav'n
(So call him, brighter once amidst the Host
Of Angels, then that Starr the Starrs among)
Fell with his flaming Legions through the Deep
Into his place, and the great Son returnd
Victorious with his Saints, th' Omnipotent
Eternal Father from his Throne beheld
Thir multitude, and to his Son thus spake.
At least our envious Foe hath fail'd, who thought
All like himself rebellious, by whose aid
This inaccessible high strength, the seat
Of Deitie supream, us dispossest,
He trusted to have seis'd, and into fraud
Drew many, whom thir place knows here no more;
Yet farr the greater part have kept, I see,
Thir station, Heav'n yet populous retaines
Number sufficient to possess her Realmes
Though wide, and this high Temple to frequent
With Ministeries due and solemn Rites:
But least his heart exalt him in the harme
Already done, to have dispeopl'd Heav'n,
My damage fondly deem'd, I can repaire
That detriment, if such it be to lose
Self-lost, and in a moment will create
Another World, out of one man a Race
Of men innumerable, there to dwell,
Not here, till by degrees of merit rais'd
They open to themselves at length the way
Up hither, under long obedience tri'd,
And Earth be chang'd to Heavn, & Heav'n to Earth,
One Kingdom, Joy and Union without end.
Mean while inhabit laxe, ye Powers of Heav'n,
And thou my Word, begotten Son, by thee
This I perform, speak thou, and be it don:
My overshadowing Spirit and might with thee
I send along, ride forth, and bid the Deep
Within appointed bounds be Heav'n and Earth,
Boundless the Deep, because I am who fill
Infinitude, nor vacuous the space.
Though I uncircumscrib'd my self retire,
And put not forth my goodness, which is free
To act or not, Necessitie and Chance
Approach not mee, and what I will is Fate.
So spake th' Almightie, and to what he spake
His Word, the Filial Godhead, gave effect.
Immediate are the Acts of God, more swift
Then time or motion, but to human ears
Cannot without process of speech be told,
So told as earthly notion can receave.
Great triumph and rejoycing was in Heav'n
When such was heard declar'd the Almightie's will;
Glorie they sung to the most High, good will
To future men, and in thir dwellings peace:
Glorie to him whose just avenging ire
Had driven out th' ungodly from his sight
And th' habitations of the just; to him
Glorie and praise, whose wisdom had ordain'd
Good out of evil to create, in stead
Of Spirits maligne a better Race to bring
Into thir vacant room, and thence diffuse
His good to Worlds and Ages infinite.
So sang the Hierarchies: Mean while the Son
On his great Expedition now appeer'd,
Girt with Omnipotence, with Radiance crown'd
Of Majestie Divine, Sapience and Love
Immense, and all his Father in him shon.
About his Chariot numberless were pour'd
Cherub and Seraph, Potentates and Thrones,
And Vertues, winged Spirits, and Chariots wing'd,
From the Armoury of God, where stand of old
Myriads between two brazen Mountains lodg'd
Against a solemn day, harnest at hand,
Celestial Equipage; and now came forth
Spontaneous, for within them Spirit livd,
Attendant on thir Lord: Heav'n op'nd wide
Her ever during Gates, Harmonious sound
On golden Hinges moving, to let forth
The King of Glorie in his powerful Word
And Spirit coming to create new Worlds.
On heav'nly ground they stood, and from the shore
They view'd the vast immeasurable Abyss
Outrageous as a Sea, dark, wasteful, wilde,
Up from the bottom turn'd by furious windes
And surging waves, as Mountains to assault
Heav'ns highth, and with the Center mix the Pole.
Silence, ye troubl'd waves, and thou Deep, peace,
Said then th' Omnific Word, your discord end:
Nor staid, but on the Wings of Cherubim
Uplifted, in Paternal Glorie rode
Farr into CHAOS, and the World unborn;
For CHAOS heard his voice: him all his Traine
Follow'd in bright procession to behold
Creation, and the wonders of his might.
Then staid the fervid Wheeles, and in his hand
He took the golden Compasses, prepar'd
In Gods Eternal store, to circumscribe
This Universe, and all created things:
One foot he center'd, and the other turn'd
Round through the vast profunditie obscure,
And said, thus farr extend, thus farr thy bounds,
This be thy just Circumference, O World.
Thus God the Heav'n created, thus the Earth,
Matter unform'd and void: Darkness profound
Cover'd th' Abyss: but on the watrie calme
His brooding wings the Spirit of God outspred,
And vital vertue infus'd, and vital warmth
Throughout the fluid Mass, but downward purg'd
The black tartareous cold infernal dregs
Adverse to life: then founded, then conglob'd
Like things to like, the rest to several place
Disparted, and between spun out the Air,
And Earth self-ballanc't on her Center hung.
Let ther be Light, said God, and forthwith Light
Ethereal, first of things, quintessence pure
Sprung from the Deep, and from her Native East
To journie through the airie gloom began,
Sphear'd in a radiant Cloud, for yet the Sun
Was not; shee in a cloudie Tabernacle
Sojourn'd the while. God saw the Light was good;
And light from darkness by the Hemisphere
Divided: Light the Day, and Darkness Night
He nam'd. Thus was the first Day Eev'n and Morn:
Nor past uncelebrated, nor unsung
By the Celestial Quires, when Orient Light
Exhaling first from Darkness they beheld;
Birth-day of Heav'n and Earth; with joy and shout
The hollow Universal Orb they fill'd,
And touch't thir Golden Harps, & hymning prais'd
God and his works, Creatour him they sung,
Both when first Eevning was, and when first Morn.
Again, God said, let ther be Firmament
Amid the Waters, and let it divide
The Waters from the Waters: and God made
The Firmament, expanse of liquid, pure,
Transparent, Elemental Air, diffus'd
In circuit to the uttermost convex
Of this great Round: partition firm and sure,
The Waters underneath from those above
Dividing: for as Earth, so hee the World
Built on circumfluous Waters calme, in wide
Crystallin Ocean, and the loud misrule
Of CHAOS farr remov'd, least fierce extreames
Contiguous might distemper the whole frame:
And Heav'n he nam'd the Firmament: So Eev'n
And Morning CHORUS sung the second Day.
The Earth was form'd, but in the Womb as yet
Of Waters, Embryon immature involv'd,
Appeer'd not: over all the face of Earth
Main Ocean flow'd, not idle, but with warme
Prolific humour soft'ning all her Globe,
Fermented the great Mother to conceave,
Satiate with genial moisture, when God said
Be gather'd now ye Waters under Heav'n
Into one place, and let dry Land appeer.
Immediately the Mountains huge appeer
Emergent, and thir broad bare backs upheave
Into the Clouds, thir tops ascend the Skie:
So high as heav'd the tumid Hills, so low
Down sunk a hollow bottom broad and deep,
Capacious bed of Waters: thither they
Hasted with glad precipitance, uprowld
As drops on dust conglobing from the drie;
Part rise in crystal Wall, or ridge direct,
For haste; such flight the great command impress'd
On the swift flouds: as Armies at the call
Of Trumpet (for of Armies thou hast heard)
Troop to thir Standard, so the watrie throng,
Wave rowling after Wave, where way they found,
If steep, with torrent rapture, if through Plaine,
Soft-ebbing; nor withstood them Rock or Hill,
But they, or under ground, or circuit wide
With Serpent errour wandring, found thir way,
And on the washie Oose deep Channels wore;
Easie, e're God had bid the ground be drie,
All but within those banks, where Rivers now
Stream, and perpetual draw thir humid traine.
The dry Land, Earth, and the great receptacle
Of congregated Waters he call'd Seas:
And saw that it was good, and said, Let th' Earth
Put forth the verdant Grass, Herb yeilding Seed,
And Fruit Tree yeilding Fruit after her kind;
Whose Seed is in her self upon the Earth.
He scarce had said, when the bare Earth, till then
Desert and bare, unsightly, unadorn'd,
Brought forth the tender Grass, whose verdure clad
Her Universal Face with pleasant green,
Then Herbs of every leaf, that sudden flour'd
Op'ning thir various colours, and made gay
Her bosom smelling sweet: and these scarce blown,
Forth flourish't thick the clustring Vine, forth crept
The smelling Gourd, up stood the cornie Reed
Embattell'd in her field: add the humble Shrub,
And Bush with frizl'd hair implicit: last
Rose as in Dance the stately Trees, and spred
Thir branches hung with copious Fruit; or gemm'd
Thir Blossoms: with high Woods the Hills were crownd,
With tufts the vallies & each fountain side,
With borders long the Rivers. That Earth now
Seemd like to Heav'n, a seat where Gods might dwell,
Or wander with delight, and love to haunt
Her sacred shades: though God had yet not rain'd
Upon the Earth, and man to till the ground
None was, but from the Earth a dewie Mist
Went up and waterd all the ground, and each
Plant of the field, which e're it was in the Earth
God made, and every Herb, before it grew
On the green stemm; God saw that it was good:
So Eev'n and Morn recorded the Third Day.
Again th' Almightie spake: Let there be Lights
High in th' expanse of Heaven to divide
The Day from Night; and let them be for Signes,
For Seasons, and for Dayes, and circling Years,
And let them be for Lights as I ordaine
Thir Office in the Firmament of Heav'n
To give Light on the Earth; and it was so.
And God made two great Lights, great for thir use
To Man, the greater to have rule by Day,
The less by Night alterne: and made the Starrs,
And set them in the Firmament of Heav'n
To illuminate the Earth, and rule the Day
In thir vicissitude, and rule the Night,
And Light from Darkness to divide. God saw,
Surveying his great Work, that it was good:
For of Celestial Bodies first the Sun
A mightie Spheare he fram'd, unlightsom first,
Though of Ethereal Mould: then form'd the Moon
Globose, and everie magnitude of Starrs,
And sowd with Starrs the Heav'n thick as a field:
Of Light by farr the greater part he took,
Transplanted from her cloudie Shrine, and plac'd
In the Suns Orb, made porous to receive
And drink the liquid Light, firm to retaine
Her gather'd beams, great Palace now of Light.
Hither as to thir Fountain other Starrs
Repairing, in thir gold'n Urns draw Light,
And hence the Morning Planet guilds his horns;
By tincture or reflection they augment
Thir small peculiar, though from human sight
So farr remote, with diminution seen.
First in his East the glorious Lamp was seen,
Regent of Day, and all th' Horizon round
Invested with bright Rayes, jocond to run
His Longitude through Heav'ns high rode: the gray
Dawn, and the PLEIADES before him danc'd
Shedding sweet influence: less bright the Moon,
But opposite in leveld West was set
His mirror, with full face borrowing her Light
From him, for other light she needed none
In that aspect, and still that distance keepes
Till night, then in the East her turn she shines,
Revolvd on Heav'ns great Axle, and her Reign
With thousand lesser Lights dividual holds,
With thousand thousand Starres, that then appeer'd
Spangling the Hemisphere: then first adornd
With thir bright Luminaries that Set and Rose,
Glad Eevning & glad Morn crownd the fourth day.
And God said, let the Waters generate
Reptil with Spawn abundant, living Soule:
And let Fowle flie above the Earth, with wings
Displayd on the op'n Firmament of Heav'n.
And God created the great Whales, and each
Soul living, each that crept, which plenteously
The waters generated by thir kindes,
And every Bird of wing after his kinde;
And saw that it was good, and bless'd them, saying,
Be fruitful, multiply, and in the Seas
And Lakes and running Streams the waters fill;
And let the Fowle be multiply'd on the Earth.
Forthwith the Sounds and Seas, each Creek & Bay
With Frie innumerable swarme, and Shoales
Of Fish that with thir Finns and shining Scales
Glide under the green Wave, in Sculles that oft
Bank the mid Sea: part single or with mate
Graze the Sea weed thir pasture, & through Groves
Of Coral stray, or sporting with quick glance
Show to the Sun thir wav'd coats dropt with Gold,
Or in thir Pearlie shells at ease, attend
Moist nutriment, or under Rocks thir food
In jointed Armour watch: on smooth the Seale,
And bended Dolphins play: part huge of bulk
Wallowing unweildie, enormous in thir Gate
Tempest the Ocean: there Leviathan
Hugest of living Creatures, on the Deep
Stretcht like a Promontorie sleeps or swimmes,
And seems a moving Land, and at his Gilles
Draws in, and at his Trunck spouts out a Sea.
Mean while the tepid Caves, and Fens and shoares
Thir Brood as numerous hatch, from the Egg that soon
Bursting with kindly rupture forth disclos'd
Thir callow young, but featherd soon and fledge
They summ'd thir Penns, and soaring th' air sublime
With clang despis'd the ground, under a cloud
In prospect; there the Eagle and the Stork
On Cliffs and Cedar tops thir Eyries build:
Part loosly wing the Region, part more wise
In common, rang'd in figure wedge thir way,
Intelligent of seasons, and set forth
Thir Aierie Caravan high over Sea's
Flying, and over Lands with mutual wing
Easing thir flight; so stears the prudent Crane
Her annual Voiage, born on Windes; the Aire
Floats, as they pass, fann'd with unnumber'd plumes:
From Branch to Branch the smaller Birds with song
Solac'd the Woods, and spred thir painted wings
Till Ev'n, nor then the solemn Nightingal
Ceas'd warbling, but all night tun'd her soft layes:
Others on Silver Lakes and Rivers Bath'd
Thir downie Brest; the Swan with Arched neck
Between her white wings mantling proudly, Rowes
Her state with Oarie feet: yet oft they quit
The Dank, and rising on stiff Pennons, towre
The mid Aereal Skie: Others on ground
Walk'd firm; the crested Cock whose clarion sounds
The silent hours, and th' other whose gay Traine
Adorns him, colour'd with the Florid hue
Of Rainbows and Starrie Eyes. The Waters thus
With Fish replenisht, and the Aire with Fowle,
Ev'ning and Morn solemniz'd the Fift day.
The Sixt, and of Creation last arose
With Eevning Harps and Mattin, when God said,
Let th' Earth bring forth Fowle living in her kinde,
Cattel and Creeping things, and Beast of the Earth,
Each in their kinde. The Earth obey'd, and strait
Op'ning her fertil Woomb teem'd at a Birth
Innumerous living Creatures, perfet formes,
Limb'd and full grown: out of the ground up-rose
As from his Laire the wilde Beast where he wonns
In Forrest wilde, in Thicket, Brake, or Den;
Among the Trees in Pairs they rose, they walk'd:
The Cattel in the Fields and Meddowes green:
Those rare and solitarie, these in flocks
Pasturing at once, and in broad Herds upsprung:
The grassie Clods now Calv'd, now half appeer'd
The Tawnie Lion, pawing to get free
His hinder parts, then springs as broke from Bonds,
And Rampant shakes his Brinded main; the Ounce,
The Libbard, and the Tyger, as the Moale
Rising, the crumbl'd Earth above them threw
In Hillocks; the swift Stag from under ground
Bore up his branching head: scarse from his mould
BEHEMOTH biggest born of Earth upheav'd
His vastness: Fleec't the Flocks and bleating rose,
As Plants: ambiguous between Sea and Land
The River Horse and scalie Crocodile.
At once came forth whatever creeps the ground,
Insect or Worme; those wav'd thir limber fans
For wings, and smallest Lineaments exact
In all the Liveries dect of Summers pride
With spots of Gold and Purple, azure and green:
These as a line thir long dimension drew,
Streaking the ground with sinuous trace; not all
Minims of Nature; some of Serpent kinde
Wondrous in length and corpulence involv'd
Thir Snakie foulds, and added wings. First crept
The Parsimonious Emmet, provident
Of future, in small room large heart enclos'd,
Pattern of just equalitie perhaps
Hereafter, join'd in her popular Tribes
Of Commonaltie: swarming next appeer'd
The Femal Bee that feeds her Husband Drone
Deliciously, and builds her waxen Cells
With Honey stor'd: the rest are numberless,
And thou thir Natures know'st, and gav'st them Names,
Needlest to thee repeaed; nor unknown
The Serpent suttl'st Beast of all the field,
Of huge extent somtimes, with brazen Eyes
And hairie Main terrific, though to thee
Not noxious, but obedient at thy call.
Now Heav'n in all her Glorie shon, and rowld
Her motions, as the great first-Movers hand
First wheeld thir course; Earth in her rich attire
Consummate lovly smil'd; Aire, Water, Earth,
By Fowl, Fish, Beast, was flown, was swum, was walkt
Frequent; and of the Sixt day yet remain'd;
There wanted yet the Master work, the end
Of all yet don; a Creature who not prone
And Brute as other Creatures, but endu'd
With Sanctitie of Reason, might erect
His Stature, and upright with Front serene
Govern the rest, self-knowing, and from thence
Magnanimous to correspond with Heav'n,
But grateful to acknowledge whence his good
Descends, thither with heart and voice and eyes
Directed in Devotion, to adore
And worship God Supream, who made him chief
Of all his works: therefore the Omnipotent
Eternal Father (For where is not hee
Present) thus to his Son audibly spake.
Let us make now Man in our image, Man
In our similitude, and let them rule
Over the Fish and Fowle of Sea and Aire,
Beast of the Field, and over all the Earth,
And every creeping thing that creeps the ground.
This said, he formd thee, ADAM, thee O Man
Dust of the ground, and in thy nostrils breath'd
The breath of Life; in his own Image hee
Created thee, in the Image of God
Express, and thou becam'st a living Soul.
Male he created thee, but thy consort
Femal for Race; then bless'd Mankinde, and said,
Be fruitful, multiplie, and fill the Earth,
Subdue it, and throughout Dominion hold
Over Fish of the Sea, and Fowle of the Aire,
And every living thing that moves on the Earth.
Wherever thus created, for no place
Is yet distinct by name, thence, as thou know'st
He brought thee into this delicious Grove,
This Garden, planted with the Trees of God,
Delectable both to behold and taste;
And freely all thir pleasant fruit for food
Gave thee, all sorts are here that all th' Earth yeelds,
Varietie without end; but of the Tree
Which tasted works knowledge of Good and Evil,
Thou mai'st not; in the day thou eat'st, thou di'st;
Death is the penaltie impos'd, beware,
And govern well thy appetite, least sin
Surprise thee, and her black attendant Death.
Here finish'd hee, and all that he had made
View'd, and behold all was entirely good;
So Ev'n and Morn accomplish'd the Sixt day:
Yet not till the Creator from his work
Desisting, though unwearied, up returnd
Up to the Heav'n of Heav'ns his high abode,
Thence to behold this new created World
Th' addition of his Empire, how it shew'd
In prospect from his Throne, how good, how faire,
Answering his great Idea. Up he rode
Followd with acclamation and the sound
Symphonious of ten thousand Harpes that tun'd
Angelic harmonies: the Earth, the Aire
Resounded, (thou remember'st, for thou heardst)
The Heav'ns and all the Constellations rung,
The Planets in thir stations list'ning stood,
While the bright Pomp ascended jubilant.
Open, ye everlasting Gates, they sung,
Open, ye Heav'ns, your living dores; let in
The great Creator from his work returnd
Magnificent, his Six days work, a World;
Open, and henceforth oft; for God will deigne
To visit oft the dwellings of just Men
Delighted, and with frequent intercourse
Thither will send his winged Messengers
On errands of supernal Grace. So sung
The glorious Train ascending: He through Heav'n,
That open'd wide her blazing Portals, led
To Gods Eternal house direct the way,
A broad and ample rode, whose dust is Gold
And pavement Starrs, as Starrs to thee appeer,
Seen in the Galaxie, that Milkie way
Which nightly as a circling Zone thou seest
Pouderd with Starrs. And now on Earth the Seaventh
Eev'ning arose in EDEN, for the Sun
Was set, and twilight from the East came on,
Forerunning Night; when at the holy mount
Of Heav'ns high-seated top, th' Impereal Throne
Of Godhead, fixt for ever firm and sure,
The Filial Power arriv'd, and sate him down
With his great Father (for he also went
Invisible, yet staid (such priviledge
Hath Omnipresence) and the work ordain'd,
Author and end of all things, and from work
Now resting, bless'd and hallowd the Seav'nth day,
As resting on that day from all his work,
But not in silence holy kept; the Harp
Had work and rested not, the solemn Pipe,
And Dulcimer, all Organs of sweet stop,
All sounds on Fret by String or Golden Wire
Temper'd soft Tunings, intermixt with Voice
Choral or Unison: of incense Clouds
Fuming from Golden Censers hid the Mount.
Creation and the Six dayes acts they sung,
Great are thy works, JEHOVAH, infinite
Thy power; what thought can measure thee or tongue
Relate thee; greater now in thy return
Then from the Giant Angels; thee that day
Thy Thunders magnifi'd; but to create
Is greater then created to destroy.
Who can impair thee, mighty King, or bound
Thy Empire? easily the proud attempt
Of Spirits apostat and thir Counsels vaine
Thou hast repeld, while impiously they thought
Thee to diminish, and from thee withdraw
The number of thy worshippers. Who seekes
To lessen thee, against his purpose serves
To manifest the more thy might: his evil
Thou usest, and from thence creat'st more good.
Witness this new-made World, another Heav'n
From Heaven Gate not farr, founded in view
On the cleer HYALINE, the Glassie Sea;
Of amplitude almost immense, with Starr's
Numerous, and every Starr perhaps a World
Of destind habitation; but thou know'st
Thir seasons: among these the seat of men,
Earth with her nether Ocean circumfus'd,
Thir pleasant dwelling place. Thrice happie men,
And sons of men, whom God hath thus advanc't,
Created in his Image, there to dwell
And worship him, and in reward to rule
Over his Works, on Earth, in Sea, or Air,
And multiply a Race of Worshippers
Holy and just: thrice happie if they know
Thir happiness, and persevere upright.
So sung they, and the Empyrean rung,
With HALLELUIAHS: Thus was Sabbath kept.
And thy request think now fulfill'd, that ask'd
How first this World and face of things began,
And what before thy memorie was don
From the beginning, that posteritie
Informd by thee might know; if else thou seekst
Aught, not surpassing human measure, say.
To whom thus ADAM gratefully repli'd.
What thanks sufficient, or what recompence
Equal have I to render thee, Divine
Hystorian, who thus largely hast allayd
The thirst I had of knowledge, and voutsaf't
This friendly condescention to relate
Things else by me unsearchable, now heard
VVith wonder, but delight, and, as is due,
With glorie attributed to the high
Creator; some thing yet of doubt remaines,
VVhich onely thy solution can resolve.
VVhen I behold this goodly Frame, this VVorld
Of Heav'n and Earth consisting, and compute,
Thir magnitudes, this Earth a spot, a graine,
An Atom, with the Firmament compar'd
And all her numberd Starrs, that seem to rowle
Spaces incomprehensible (for such
Thir distance argues and thir swift return
Diurnal) meerly to officiate light
Round this opacous Earth, this punctual spot,
One day and night; in all thir vast survey
Useless besides, reasoning I oft admire,
How Nature wise and frugal could commit
Such disproportions, with superfluous hand
So many nobler Bodies to create,
Greater so manifold to this one use,
For aught appeers, and on thir Orbs impose
Such restless revolution day by day
Repeated, while the sedentarie Earth,
That better might with farr less compass move,
Serv'd by more noble then her self, attaines
Her end without least motion, and receaves,
As Tribute such a sumless journey brought
Of incorporeal speed, her warmth and light;
Speed, to describe whose swiftness Number failes.
So spake our Sire, and by his count'nance seemd
Entring on studious thoughts abstruse, which EVE
Perceaving where she sat retir'd in sight,
With lowliness Majestic from her seat,
And Grace that won who saw to wish her stay,
Rose, and went forth among her Fruits and Flours,
To visit how they prosper'd, bud and bloom,
Her Nurserie; they at her coming sprung
And toucht by her fair tendance gladlier grew.
Yet went she not, as not with such discourse
Delighted, or not capable her eare
Of what was high: such pleasure she reserv'd,
ADAM relating, she sole Auditress;
Her Husband the Relater she preferr'd
Before the Angel, and of him to ask
Chose rather; hee, she knew would intermix
Grateful digressions, and solve high dispute
With conjugal Caresses, from his Lip
Not Words alone pleas'd her. O when meet now
Such pairs, in Love and mutual Honour joyn'd?
With Goddess-like demeanour forth she went;
Not unattended, for on her as Queen
A pomp of winning Graces waited still,
And from about her shot Darts of desire
Into all Eyes to wish her still in sight.
And RAPHAEL now to ADAM's doubt propos'd
Benevolent and facil thus repli'd.
To ask or search I blame thee not, for Heav'n
Is as the Book of God before thee set,
Wherein to read his wondrous Works, and learne
His Seasons, Hours, or Days, or Months, or Yeares:
This to attain, whether Heav'n move or Earth,
Imports not, if thou reck'n right, the rest
From Man or Angel the great Architect
Did wisely to conceal, and not divulge
His secrets to be scann'd by them who ought
Rather admire; or if they list to try
Conjecture, he his Fabric of the Heav'ns
Hath left to thir disputes, perhaps to move
His laughter at thir quaint Opinions wide
Hereafter, when they come to model Heav'n
And calculate the Starrs, how they will weild
The mightie frame, how build, unbuild, contrive
To save appeerances, how gird the Sphear
With Centric and Eccentric scribl'd o're,
Cycle and Epicycle, Orb in Orb:
Alreadie by thy reasoning this I guess,
Who art to lead thy ofspring, and supposest
That Bodies bright and greater should not serve
The less not bright, nor Heav'n such journies run,
Earth sitting still, when she alone receaves
The benefit: consider first, that Great
Or Bright inferrs not Excellence: the Earth
Though, in comparison of Heav'n, so small,
Nor glistering, may of solid good containe
More plenty then the Sun that barren shines,
Whose vertue on it self workes no effect,
But in the fruitful Earth; there first receavd
His beams, unactive else, thir vigor find.
Yet not to Earth are those bright Luminaries
Officious, but to thee Earths habitant.
And for the Heav'ns wide Circuit, let it speak
The Makers high magnificence, who built
So spacious, and his Line stretcht out so farr;
That Man may know he dwells not in his own;
An Edifice too large for him to fill,
Lodg'd in a small partition, and the rest
Ordain'd for uses to his Lord best known.
The swiftness of those Circles attribute,
Though numberless, to his Omnipotence,
That to corporeal substances could adde
Speed almost Spiritual; mee thou thinkst not slow,
Who since the Morning hour set out from Heav'n
Where God resides, and ere mid-day arriv'd
In EDEN, distance inexpressible
By Numbers that have name. But this I urge,
Admitting Motion in the Heav'ns, to shew
Invalid that which thee to doubt it mov'd;
Not that I so affirm, though so it seem
To thee who hast thy dwelling here on Earth.
God to remove his wayes from human sense,
Plac'd Heav'n from Earth so farr, that earthly sight,
If it presume, might erre in things too high,
And no advantage gaine. What if the Sun
Be Center to the World, and other Starrs
By his attractive vertue and thir own
Incited, dance about him various rounds?
Thir wandring course now high, now low, then hid,
Progressive, retrograde, or standing still,
In six thou seest, and what if sev'nth to these
The Planet Earth, so stedfast though she seem,
Insensibly three different Motions move?
Which else to several Sphears thou must ascribe,
Mov'd contrarie with thwart obliquities,
Or save the Sun his labour, and that swift
Nocturnal and Diurnal rhomb suppos'd,
Invisible else above all Starrs, the Wheele
Of Day and Night; which needs not thy beleefe,
If Earth industrious of her self fetch Day
Travelling East, and with her part averse
From the Suns beam meet Night, her other part
Still luminous by his ray. What if that light
Sent from her through the wide transpicuous aire,
To the terrestrial Moon be as a Starr
Enlightning her by Day, as she by Night
This Earth? reciprocal, if Land be there,
Feilds and Inhabitants: Her spots thou seest
As Clouds, and Clouds may rain, and Rain produce
Fruits in her soft'nd Soile, for some to eate
Allotted there; and other Suns perhaps
With thir attendant Moons thou wilt descrie
Communicating Male and Femal Light,
Which two great Sexes animate the World,
Stor'd in each Orb perhaps with some that live.
For such vast room in Nature unpossest
By living Soule, desert and desolate,
Onely to shine, yet scarce to contribute
Each Orb a glimps of Light, conveyd so farr
Down to this habitable, which returnes
Light back to them, is obvious to dispute.
But whether thus these things, or whether not,
Whether the Sun predominant in Heav'n
Rise on the Earth, or Earth rise on the Sun,
Hee from the East his flaming rode begin,
Or Shee from West her silent course advance
With inoffensive pace that spinning sleeps
On her soft Axle, while she paces Eev'n,
And bears thee soft with the smooth Air along,
Sollicit not thy thoughts with matters hid,
Leave them to God above, him serve and feare;
Of other Creatures, as him pleases best,
Wherever plac't, let him dispose: joy thou
In what he gives to thee, this Paradise
And thy faire EVE; Heav'n is for thee too high
To know what passes there; be lowlie wise:
Think onely what concernes thee and thy being;
Dream not of other Worlds, what Creatures there
Live, in what state, condition or degree,
Contented that thus farr hath been reveal'd
Not of Earth onely but of highest Heav'n.
To whom thus ADAM cleerd of doubt, repli'd.
How fully hast thou satisfi'd mee, pure
Intelligence of Heav'n, Angel serene,
And freed from intricacies, taught to live,
The easiest way, nor with perplexing thoughts
To interrupt the sweet of Life, from which
God hath bid dwell farr off all anxious cares,
And not molest us, unless we our selves
Seek them with wandring thoughts, and notions vaine.
But apt the Mind or Fancie is to roave
Uncheckt, and of her roaving is no end;
Till warn'd, or by experience taught, she learne,
That not to know at large of things remote
From use, obscure and suttle, but to know
That which before us lies in daily life,
Is the prime Wisdom, what is more, is fume,
Or emptiness, or fond impertinence,
And renders us in things that most concerne
Unpractis'd, unprepar'd, and still to seek.
Therefore from this high pitch let us descend
A lower flight, and speak of things at hand
Useful, whence haply mention may arise
Of somthing not unseasonable to ask
By sufferance, and thy wonted favour deign'd.
Thee I have heard relating what was don
Ere my remembrance: now hear mee relate
My Storie, which perhaps thou hast not heard;
And Day is yet not spent; till then thou seest
How suttly to detaine thee I devise,
Inviting thee to hear while I relate,
Fond, were it not in hope of thy reply:
For while I sit with thee, I seem in Heav'n,
And sweeter thy discourse is to my eare
Then Fruits of Palm-tree pleasantest to thirst
And hunger both, from labour, at the houre
Of sweet repast; they satiate, and soon fill,
Though pleasant, but thy words with Grace Divine
Imbu'd, bring to thir sweetness no satietie.
To whom thus RAPHAEL answer'd heav'nly meek.
Nor are thy lips ungraceful, Sire of men,
Nor tongue ineloquent; for God on thee
Abundantly his gifts hath also pour'd,
Inward and outward both, his image faire:
Speaking or mute all comliness and grace
Attends thee, and each word, each motion formes.
Nor less think wee in Heav'n of thee on Earth
Then of our fellow servant, and inquire
Gladly into the wayes of God with Man:
For God we see hath honour'd thee, and set
On Man his equal Love: say therefore on;
For I that Day was absent, as befell,
Bound on a voyage uncouth and obscure,
Farr on excursion toward the Gates of Hell;
Squar'd in full Legion (such command we had)
To see that none thence issu'd forth a spie,
Or enemie, while God was in his work,
Least hee incenst at such eruption bold,
Destruction with Creation might have mixt.
Not that they durst without his leave attempt,
But us he sends upon his high behests
For state, as Sovran King, and to enure
Our prompt obedience. Fast we found, fast shut
The dismal Gates, and barricado'd strong;
But long ere our approaching heard within
Noise, other then the sound of Dance or Song,
Torment, and lowd lament, and furious rage.
Glad we return'd up to the coasts of Light
Ere Sabbath Eev'ning: so we had in charge.
But thy relation now; for I attend,
Pleas'd with thy words no less then thou with mine.
So spake the Godlike Power, and thus our Sire.
For Man to tell how human Life began
Is hard; for who himself beginning knew?
Desire with thee still longer to converse
Induc'd me. As new wak't from soundest sleep
Soft on the flourie herb I found me laid
In Balmie Sweat, which with his Beames the Sun
Soon dri'd, and on the reaking moisture fed.
Strait toward Heav'n my wondring Eyes I turnd,
And gaz'd a while the ample Skie, till rais'd
By quick instinctive motion up I sprung,
As thitherward endevoring, and upright
Stood on my feet; about me round I saw
Hill, Dale, and shadie Woods, and sunnie Plaines,
And liquid Lapse of murmuring Streams; by these,
Creatures that livd, and movd, and walk'd, or flew,
Birds on the branches warbling; all things smil'd,
With fragrance and with joy my heart oreflow'd.
My self I then perus'd, and Limb by Limb
Survey'd, and sometimes went, and sometimes ran
With supple joints, as lively vigour led:
But who I was, or where, or from what cause,
Knew not; to speak I tri'd, and forthwith spake,
My Tongue obey'd and readily could name
What e're I saw. Thou Sun, said I, faire Light,
And thou enlight'nd Earth, so fresh and gay,
Ye Hills and Dales, ye Rivers, Woods, and Plaines,
And ye that live and move, fair Creatures, tell,
Tell, if ye saw, how came I thus, how here?
Not of my self; by some great Maker then,
In goodness and in power praeeminent;
Tell me, how may I know him, how adore,
From whom I have that thus I move and live,
And feel that I am happier then I know.
While thus I call'd, and stray'd I knew not whither,
From where I first drew Aire, and first beheld
This happie Light, when answer none return'd,
On a green shadie Bank profuse of Flours
Pensive I sate me down; there gentle sleep
First found me, and with soft oppression seis'd
My droused sense, untroubl'd, though I thought
I then was passing to my former state
Insensible, and forthwith to dissolve:
When suddenly stood at my Head a dream,
Whose inward apparition gently mov'd
My Fancy to believe I yet had being,
And livd: One came, methought, of shape Divine,
And said, thy Mansion wants thee, ADAM, rise,
First Man, of Men innumerable ordain'd
First Father, call'd by thee I come thy Guide
To the Garden of bliss, thy seat prepar'd.
So saying, by the hand he took me rais'd,
And over Fields and Waters, as in Aire
Smooth sliding without step, last led me up
A woodie Mountain; whose high top was plaine,
A Circuit wide, enclos'd, with goodliest Trees
Planted, with Walks, and Bowers, that what I saw
Of Earth before scarse pleasant seemd. Each Tree
Load'n with fairest Fruit, that hung to the Eye
Tempting, stirr'd in me sudden appetite
To pluck and eate; whereat I wak'd, and found
Before mine Eyes all real, as the dream
Had lively shadowd: Here had new begun
My wandring, had not hee who was my Guide
Up hither, from among the Trees appeer'd,
Presence Divine. Rejoycing, but with aw
In adoration at his feet I fell
Submiss: he rear'd me, & Whom thou soughtst I am,
Said mildely, Author of all this thou seest
Above, or round about thee or beneath.
This Paradise I give thee, count it thine
To Till and keep, and of the Fruit to eate:
Of every Tree that in the Garden growes
Eate freely with glad heart; fear here no dearth:
But of the Tree whose operation brings
Knowledg of good and ill, which I have set
The Pledge of thy Obedience and thy Faith,
Amid the Garden by the Tree of Life,
Remember what I warne thee, shun to taste,
And shun the bitter consequence: for know,
The day thou eat'st thereof, my sole command
Transgrest, inevitably thou shalt dye;
From that day mortal, and this happie State
Shalt loose, expell'd from hence into a World
Of woe and sorrow. Sternly he pronounc'd
The rigid interdiction, which resounds
Yet dreadful in mine eare, though in my choice
Not to incur; but soon his cleer aspect
Return'd and gratious purpose thus renew'd.
Not onely these fair bounds, but all the Earth
To thee and to thy Race I give; as Lords
Possess it, and all things that therein live,
Or live in Sea, or Aire, Beast, Fish, and Fowle.
In signe whereof each Bird and Beast behold
After thir kindes; I bring them to receave
From thee thir Names, and pay thee fealtie
With low subjection; understand the same
Of Fish within thir watry residence,
Not hither summond, since they cannot change
Thir Element to draw the thinner Aire.
As thus he spake, each Bird and Beast behold
Approaching two and two, These cowring low
With blandishment, each Bird stoop'd on his wing.
I nam'd them, as they pass'd, and understood
Thir Nature, with such knowledg God endu'd
My sudden apprehension: but in these
I found not what me thought I wanted still;
And to the Heav'nly vision thus presum'd.
O by what Name, for thou above all these,
Above mankinde, or aught then mankinde higher,
Surpassest farr my naming, how may I
Adore thee, Author of this Universe,
And all this good to man, for whose well being
So amply, and with hands so liberal
Thou hast provided all things: but with mee
I see not who partakes. In solitude
What happiness, who can enjoy alone,
Or all enjoying, what contentment find?
Thus I presumptuous; and the vision bright,
As with a smile more bright'nd, thus repli'd.
What call'st thou solitude, is not the Earth
With various living creatures, and the Aire
Replenisht, and all these at thy command
To come and play before thee, know'st thou not
Thir language and thir wayes, they also know,
And reason not contemptibly; with these
Find pastime, and beare rule; thy Realm is large.
So spake the Universal Lord, and seem'd
So ordering. I with leave of speech implor'd,
And humble deprecation thus repli'd.
Let not my words offend thee, Heav'nly Power,
My Maker, be propitious while I speak.
Hast thou not made me here thy substitute,
And these inferiour farr beneath me set?
Among unequals what societie
Can sort, what harmonie or true delight?
Which must be mutual, in proportion due
Giv'n and receiv'd; but in disparitie
The one intense, the other still remiss
Cannot well suite with either, but soon prove
Tedious alike: Of fellowship I speak
Such as I seek, fit to participate
All rational delight, wherein the brute
Cannot be human consort; they rejoyce
Each with thir kinde, Lion with Lioness;
So fitly them in pairs thou hast combin'd;
Much less can Bird with Beast, or Fish with Fowle
So well converse, nor with the Ox the Ape;
Wors then can Man with Beast, and least of all.
Whereto th' Almighty answer'd, not displeas'd.
A nice and suttle happiness I see
Thou to thy self proposest, in the choice
Of thy Associates, ADAM, and wilt taste
No pleasure, though in pleasure, solitarie.
What thinkst thou then of mee, and this my State,
Seem I to thee sufficiently possest
Of happiness, or not? who am alone
From all Eternitie, for none I know
Second to mee or like, equal much less.
How have I then with whom to hold converse
Save with the Creatures which I made, and those
To me inferiour, infinite descents
Beneath what other Creatures are to thee?
He ceas'd, I lowly answer'd. To attaine
The highth and depth of thy Eternal wayes
All human thoughts come short, Supream of things;
Thou in thy self art perfet, and in thee
Is no deficience found; not so is Man,
But in degree, the cause of his desire
By conversation with his like to help,
Or solace his defects. No need that thou
Shouldst propagat, already infinite;
And through all numbers absolute, though One;
But Man by number is to manifest
His single imperfection, and beget
Like of his like, his Image multipli'd,
In unitie defective, which requires
Collateral love, and deerest amitie.
Thou in thy secresie although alone,
Best with thy self accompanied, seek'st not
Social communication, yet so pleas'd,
Canst raise thy Creature to what highth thou wilt
Of Union or Communion, deifi'd;
I by conversing cannot these erect
From prone, nor in thir wayes complacence find.
Thus I embold'nd spake, and freedom us'd
Permissive, and acceptance found, which gain'd
This answer from the gratious voice Divine.
Thus farr to try thee, ADAM, I was pleas'd,
And finde thee knowing not of Beasts alone,
Which thou hast rightly nam'd, but of thy self,
Expressing well the spirit within thee free,
My Image, not imparted to the Brute,
Whose fellowship therefore unmeet for thee
Good reason was thou freely shouldst dislike,
And be so minded still; I, ere thou spak'st,
Knew it not good for Man to be alone,
And no such companie as then thou saw'st
Intended thee, for trial onely brought,
To see how thou could'st judge of fit and meet:
What next I bring shall please thee, be assur'd,
Thy likeness, thy fit help, thy other self,
Thy wish, exactly to thy hearts desire.
Hee ended, or I heard no more, for now
My earthly by his Heav'nly overpowerd,
Which it had long stood under, streind to the highth
In that celestial Colloquie sublime,
As with an object that excels the sense,
Dazl'd and spent, sunk down, and sought repair
Of sleep, which instantly fell on me, call'd
By Nature as in aide, and clos'd mine eyes.
Mine eyes he clos'd, but op'n left the Cell
Of Fancie my internal sight, by which
Abstract as in a transe methought I saw,
Though sleeping, where I lay, and saw the shape
Still glorious before whom awake I stood;
Who stooping op'nd my left side, and took
From thence a Rib, with cordial spirits warme,
And Life-blood streaming fresh; wide was the wound,
But suddenly with flesh fill'd up & heal'd:
The Rib he formd and fashond with his hands;
Under his forming hands a Creature grew,
Manlike, but different sex, so lovly faire,
That what seemd fair in all the World, seemd now
Mean, or in her summd up, in her containd
And in her looks, which from that time infus'd
Sweetness into my heart, unfelt before,
And into all things from her Aire inspir'd
The spirit of love and amorous delight.
She disappeerd, and left me dark, I wak'd
To find her, or for ever to deplore
Her loss, and other pleasures all abjure:
When out of hope, behold her, not farr off,
Such as I saw her in my dream, adornd
With what all Earth or Heaven could bestow
To make her amiable: On she came,
Led by her Heav'nly Maker, though unseen,
And guided by his voice, nor uninformd
Of nuptial Sanctitie and marriage Rites:
Grace was in all her steps, Heav'n in her Eye,
In every gesture dignitie and love.
I overjoyd could not forbear aloud.
This turn hath made amends; thou hast fulfill'd
Thy words, Creator bounteous and benigne,
Giver of all things faire, but fairest this
Of all thy gifts, nor enviest. I now see
Bone of my Bone, Flesh of my Flesh, my Self
Before me; Woman is her Name, of Man
Extracted; for this cause he shall forgoe
Father and Mother, and to his Wife adhere;
And they shall be one Flesh, one Heart, one Soule.
She heard me thus, and though divinely brought,
Yet Innocence and Virgin Modestie,
Her vertue and the conscience of her worth,
That would be woo'd, and not unsought be won,
Not obvious, not obtrusive, but retir'd,
The more desirable, or to say all,
Nature her self, though pure of sinful thought,
Wrought in her so, that seeing me, she turn'd;
I follow'd her, she what was Honour knew,
And with obsequious Majestie approv'd
My pleaded reason. To the Nuptial Bowre
I led her blushing like the Morn: all Heav'n,
And happie Constellations on that houre
Shed thir selectest influence; the Earth
Gave sign of gratulation, and each Hill;
Joyous the Birds; fresh Gales and gentle Aires
Whisper'd it to the Woods, and from thir wings
Flung Rose, flung Odours from the spicie Shrub,
Disporting, till the amorous Bird of Night
Sung Spousal, and bid haste the Eevning Starr
On his Hill top, to light the bridal Lamp.
Thus I have told thee all my State, and brought
My Storie to the sum of earthly bliss
Which I enjoy, and must confess to find
In all things else delight indeed, but such
As us'd or not, works in the mind no change,
Nor vehement desire, these delicacies
I mean of Taste, Sight, Smell, Herbs, Fruits, & Flours,
Walks, and the melodie of Birds; but here
Farr otherwise, transported I behold,
Transported touch; here passion first I felt,
Commotion strange, in all enjoyments else
Superiour and unmov'd, here onely weake
Against the charm of Beauties powerful glance.
Or Nature faild in mee, and left some part
Not proof enough such Object to sustain,
Or from my side subducting, took perhaps
More then enough; at least on her bestow'd
Too much of Ornament, in outward shew
Elaborate, of inward less exact.
For well I understand in the prime end
Of Nature her th' inferiour, in the mind
And inward Faculties, which most excell,
In outward also her resembling less
His Image who made both, and less expressing
The character of that Dominion giv'n
O're other Creatures; yet when I approach
Her loveliness, so absolute she seems
And in her self compleat, so well to know
Her own, that what she wills to do or say,
Seems wisest, vertuousest, discreetest, best;
All higher knowledge in her presence falls
Degraded, Wisdom in discourse with her
Looses discount'nanc't, and like folly shewes;
Authoritie and Reason on her waite,
As one intended first, not after made
Occasionally; and to consummate all,
Greatness of mind and nobleness thir seat
Build in her loveliest, and create an awe
About her, as a guard Angelic plac't.
To whom the Angel with contracted brow.
Accuse not Nature, she hath don her part;
Do thou but thine, and be not diffident
Of Wisdom, she deserts thee not, if thou
Dismiss not her, when most thou needst her nigh,
By attributing overmuch to things
Less excellent, as thou thy self perceav'st.
For what admir'st thou, what transports thee so,
An outside? fair no doubt, and worthy well
Thy cherishing, thy honouring, and thy love,
Not thy subjection: weigh with her thy self;
Then value: Oft times nothing profits more
Then self-esteem, grounded on just and right
Well manag'd; of that skill the more thou know'st,
The more she will acknowledge thee her Head,
And to realities yeild all her shows;
Made so adorn for thy delight the more,
So awful, that with honour thou maist love
Thy mate, who sees when thou art seen least wise.
But if the sense of touch whereby mankind
Is propagated seem such dear delight
Beyond all other, think the same voutsaf't
To Cattel and each Beast; which would not be
To them made common & divulg'd, if aught
Therein enjoy'd were worthy to subdue
The Soule of Man, or passion in him move.
What higher in her societie thou findst
Attractive, human, rational, love still;
In loving thou dost well, in passion not,
Wherein true Love consists not; love refines
The thoughts, and heart enlarges, hath his seat
In Reason, and is judicious, is the scale
By which to heav'nly Love thou maist ascend,
Not sunk in carnal pleasure, for which cause
Among the Beasts no Mate for thee was found.
To whom thus half abash't ADAM repli'd.
Neither her out-side formd so fair, nor aught
In procreation common to all kindes
(Though higher of the genial Bed by far,
And with mysterious reverence I deem)
So much delights me, as those graceful acts,
Those thousand decencies that daily flow
From all her words and actions, mixt with Love
And sweet compliance, which declare unfeign'd
Union of Mind, or in us both one Soule;
Harmonie to behold in wedded pair
More grateful then harmonious sound to the eare.
Yet these subject not; I to thee disclose
What inward thence I feel, not therefore foild,
Who meet with various objects, from the sense
Variously representing; yet still free
Approve the best, and follow what I approve.
To love thou blam'st me not, for love thou saist
Leads up to Heav'n, is both the way and guide;
Bear with me then, if lawful what I ask;
Love not the heav'nly Spirits, and how thir Love
Express they, by looks onely, or do they mix
Irradiance, virtual or immediate touch?
To whom the Angel with a smile that glow'd
Celestial rosie red, Loves proper hue,
Answer'd. Let it suffice thee that thou know'st
Us happie, and without Love no happiness.
Whatever pure thou in the body enjoy'st
(And pure thou wert created) we enjoy
In eminence, and obstacle find none
Of membrane, joynt, or limb, exclusive barrs:
Easier then Air with Air, if Spirits embrace,
Total they mix, Union of Pure with Pure
Desiring; nor restrain'd conveyance need
As Flesh to mix with Flesh, or Soul with Soul.
But I can now no more; the parting Sun
Beyond the Earths green Cape and verdant Isles
HESPEREAN sets, my Signal to depart.
Be strong, live happie, and love, but first of all
Him whom to love is to obey, and keep
His great command; take heed least Passion sway
Thy Judgement to do aught, which else free Will
Would not admit; thine and of all thy Sons
The weal or woe in thee is plac't; beware.
I in thy persevering shall rejoyce,
And all the Blest: stand fast; to stand or fall
Free in thine own Arbitrement it lies.
Perfet within, no outward aid require;
And all temptation to transgress repel.
So saying, he arose; whom ADAM thus
Follow'd with benediction. Since to part,
Go heavenly Guest, Ethereal Messenger,
Sent from whose sovran goodness I adore.
Gentle to me and affable hath been
Thy condescension, and shall be honour'd ever
With grateful Memorie: thou to mankind
Be good and friendly still, and oft return.
So parted they, the Angel up to Heav'n
From the thick shade, and ADAM to his Bowre.
THE END OF THE SEVENTH BOOK.
PARADISE LOST
BOOK VIII.
No more of talk where God or Angel Guest
With Man, as with his Friend, familiar us'd
To sit indulgent, and with him partake
Rural repast, permitting him the while
Venial discourse unblam'd: I now must change
Those Notes to Tragic; foul distrust, and breach
Disloyal on the part of Man, revolt
And disobedience: On the part of Heav'n
Now alienated, distance and distaste,
Anger and just rebuke, and judgement giv'n,
That brought into this World a world of woe,
Sinne and her shadow Death, and Miserie
Deaths Harbinger: Sad task, yet argument
Not less but more Heroic then the wrauth
Of stern ACHILLES on his Foe pursu'd
Thrice Fugitive about TROY Wall; or rage
Of TURNUS for LAVINIA disespous'd,
Or NEPTUN'S ire or JUNO'S, that so long
Perplex'd the GREEK and CYTHEREA'S Son;
If answerable style I can obtaine
Of my Celestial Patroness, who deignes
Her nightly visitation unimplor'd,
And dictates to me slumbring, or inspires
Easie my unpremeditated Verse:
Since first this subject for Heroic Song
Pleas'd me long choosing, and beginning late;
Not sedulous by Nature to indite
Warrs, hitherto the onely Argument
Heroic deem'd, chief maistrie to dissect
With long and tedious havoc fabl'd Knights
In Battels feign'd; the better fortitude
Of Patience and Heroic Martyrdom
Unsung; or to describe Races and Games,
Or tilting Furniture, emblazon'd Shields,
Impreses quaint, Caparisons and Steeds;
Bases and tinsel Trappings, gorgious Knights
At Joust and Torneament; then marshal'd Feast
Serv'd up in Hall with Sewers, and Seneshals;
The skill of Artifice or Office mean,
Not that which justly gives Heroic name
To Person or to Poem. Mee of these
Nor skilld nor studious, higher Argument
Remaines, sufficient of it self to raise
That name, unless an age too late, or cold
Climat, or Years damp my intended wing
Deprest, and much they may, if all be mine,
Not Hers who brings it nightly to my Ear.
The Sun was sunk, and after him the Starr
Of HESPERUS, whose Office is to bring
Twilight upon the Earth, short Arbiter
Twixt Day and Night, and now from end to end
Nights Hemisphere had veild the Horizon round:
When SATAN who late fled before the threats
Of GABRIEL out of EDEN, now improv'd
In meditated fraud and malice, bent
On mans destruction, maugre what might hap
Of heavier on himself, fearless return'd.
By Night he fled, and at Midnight return'd
From compassing the Earth, cautious of day,
Since URIEL Regent of the Sun descri'd
His entrance, and forewarnd the Cherubim
That kept thir watch; thence full of anguish driv'n,
The space of seven continu'd Nights he rode
With darkness, thrice the Equinoctial Line
He circl'd, four times cross'd the Carr of Night
From Pole to Pole, traversing each Colure;
On the eighth return'd, and on the Coast averse
From entrance or Cherubic Watch, by stealth
Found unsuspected way. There was a place,
Now not, though Sin, not Time, first wraught the change,
Where TIGRIS at the foot of Paradise
Into a Gulf shot under ground, till part
Rose up a Fountain by the Tree of Life;
In with the River sunk, and with it rose
Satan involv'd in rising Mist, then sought
Where to lie hid; Sea he had searcht and Land
From EDEN over PONTUS, and the Poole
MAEOTIS, up beyond the River OB;
Downward as farr Antartic; and in length
West from ORANTES to the Ocean barr'd
At DARIEN, thence to the Land where flowes
GANGES and INDUS: thus the Orb he roam'd
With narrow search; and with inspection deep
Consider'd every Creature, which of all
Most opportune might serve his Wiles, and found
The Serpent suttlest Beast of all the Field.
Him after long debate, irresolute
Of thoughts revolv'd, his final sentence chose
Fit Vessel, fittest Imp of fraud, in whom
To enter, and his dark suggestions hide
From sharpest sight: for in the wilie Snake,
Whatever sleights none would suspicious mark,
As from his wit and native suttletie
Proceeding, which in other Beasts observ'd
Doubt might beget of Diabolic pow'r
Active within beyond the sense of brute.
Thus he resolv'd, but first from inward griefe
His bursting passion into plaints thus pour'd:
O Earth, how like to Heav'n, if not preferrd
More justly, Seat worthier of Gods, as built
With second thoughts, reforming what was old!
For what God after better worse would build?
Terrestrial Heav'n, danc't round by other Heav'ns
That shine, yet bear thir bright officious Lamps,
Light above Light, for thee alone, as seems,
In thee concentring all thir precious beams
Of sacred influence: As God in Heav'n
Is Center, yet extends to all, so thou
Centring receav'st from all those Orbs; in thee,
Not in themselves, all thir known vertue appeers
Productive in Herb, Plant, and nobler birth
Of Creatures animate with gradual life
Of Growth, Sense, Reason, all summ'd up in Man.
With what delight could I have walkt thee round
If I could joy in aught, sweet interchange
Of Hill and Vallie, Rivers, Woods and Plaines,
Now Land, now Sea, & Shores with Forrest crownd,
Rocks, Dens, and Caves; but I in none of these
Find place or refuge; and the more I see
Pleasures about me, so much more I feel
Torment within me, as from the hateful siege
Of contraries; all good to me becomes
Bane, and in Heav'n much worse would be my state.
But neither here seek I, no nor in Heav'n
To dwell, unless by maistring Heav'ns Supreame;
Nor hope to be my self less miserable
By what I seek, but others to make such
As I though thereby worse to me redound:
For onely in destroying I finde ease
To my relentless thoughts; and him destroyd,
Or won to what may work his utter loss,
For whom all this was made, all this will soon
Follow, as to him linkt in weal or woe,
In wo then; that destruction wide may range:
To mee shall be the glorie sole among
The infernal Powers, in one day to have marr'd
What he ALMIGHTIE styl'd, six Nights and Days
Continu'd making, and who knows how long
Before had bin contriving, though perhaps
Not longer then since I in one Night freed
From servitude inglorious welnigh half
Th' Angelic Name, and thinner left the throng
Of his adorers: hee to be aveng'd,
And to repaire his numbers thus impair'd,
Whether such vertue spent of old now faild
More Angels to Create, if they at least
Are his Created or to spite us more,
Determin'd to advance into our room
A Creature form'd of Earth, and him endow,
Exalted from so base original,
With Heav'nly spoils, our spoils: What he decreed
He effected; Man he made, and for him built
Magnificent this World, and Earth his seat,
Him Lord pronounc'd, and, O indignitie!
Subjected to his service Angel wings,
And flaming Ministers to watch and tend
Thir earthlie Charge: Of these the vigilance
I dread, and to elude, thus wrapt in mist
Of midnight vapor glide obscure, and prie
In every Bush and Brake, where hap may finde
The Serpent sleeping, in whose mazie foulds
To hide me, and the dark intent I bring.
O foul descent! that I who erst contended
With Gods to sit the highest, am now constraind
Into a Beast, and mixt with bestial slime,
This essence to incarnate and imbrute,
That to the hight of Deitie aspir'd;
But what will not Ambition and Revenge
Descend to? who aspires must down as low
As high he soard, obnoxious first or last
To basest things. Revenge, at first though sweet,
Bitter ere long back on it self recoiles;
Let it; I reck not, so it light well aim'd,
Since higher I fall short, on him who next
Provokes my envie, this new Favorite
Of Heav'n, this Man of Clay, Son of despite,
Whom us the more to spite his Maker rais'd
From dust: spite then with spite is best repaid.
So saying, through each Thicket Danck or Drie,
Like a black mist low creeping, he held on
His midnight search, where soonest he might finde
The Serpent: him fast sleeping soon he found
In Labyrinth of many a round self-rowl'd,
His head the midst, well stor'd with suttle wiles:
Not yet in horrid Shade or dismal Den,
Not nocent yet, but on the grassie Herbe
Fearless unfeard he slept: in at his Mouth
The Devil enterd, and his brutal sense,
In heart or head, possessing soon inspir'd
With act intelligential; but his sleep
Disturbd not, waiting close th' approach of Morn.
Now whenas sacred Light began to dawne
In EDEN on the humid Flours, that breathd
Thir morning Incense, when all things that breath,
From th' Earths great Altar send up silent praise
To the Creator, and his Nostrils fill
With gratefull Smell, forth came the human pair
And joynd thir vocal Worship to the Quire
Of Creatures wanting voice, that done, partake
The season, prime for sweetest Sents and Aires:
Then commune how that day they best may ply
Thir growing work: for much thir work outgrew
The hands dispatch of two Gardning so wide.
And EVE first to her Husband thus began.
ADAM, well may we labour still to dress
This Garden, still to tend Plant, Herb and Flour.
Our pleasant task enjoyn'd, but till more hands
Aid us, the work under our labour grows,
Luxurious by restraint; what we by day
Lop overgrown, or prune, or prop, or bind,
One night or two with wanton growth derides
Tending to wilde. Thou therefore now advise
Or hear what to my mind first thoughts present,
Let us divide our labours, thou where choice
Leads thee, or where most needs, whether to wind
The Woodbine round this Arbour, or direct
The clasping Ivie where to climb, while I
In yonder Spring of Roses intermixt
With Myrtle, find what to redress till Noon:
For while so near each other thus all day
Our task we choose, what wonder if no near
Looks intervene and smiles, or object new
Casual discourse draw on, which intermits
Our dayes work brought to little, though begun
Early, and th' hour of Supper comes unearn'd.
To whom mild answer ADAM thus return'd.
Sole EVE, Associate sole, to me beyond
Compare above all living Creatures deare,
Well hast thou motion'd, wel thy thoughts imployd
How we might best fulfill the work which here
God hath assign'd us, nor of me shalt pass
Unprais'd: for nothing lovelier can be found
In woman, then to studie houshold good,
And good workes in her Husband to promote.
Yet not so strictly hath our Lord impos'd
Labour, as to debarr us when we need
Refreshment, whether food, or talk between,
Food of the mind, or this sweet intercourse
Of looks and smiles, for smiles from Reason flow,
To brute deni'd, and are of Love the food,
Love not the lowest end of human life.
For not to irksom toile, but to delight
He made us, and delight to Reason joyn'd.
These paths and Bowers doubt not but our joynt
Will keep from Wilderness with ease, as wide
As we need walk, till younger hands ere long
Assist us: But if much converse perhaps
Thee satiate, to short absence I could yeild.
For solitude somtimes is best societie,
And short retirement urges sweet returne.
But other doubt possesses me, least harm
Befall thee sever'd from me; for thou knowst
What hath bin warn'd us, what malicious Foe
Envying our happiness, and of his own
Despairing, seeks to work us woe and shame
By sly assault; and somwhere nigh at hand
Watches, no doubt, with greedy hope to find
His wish and best advantage, us asunder,
Hopeless to circumvent us joynd, where each
To other speedie aide might lend at need;
Whether his first design be to withdraw
Our fealtie from God, or to disturb
Conjugal Love, then which perhaps no bliss
Enjoy'd by us excites his envie more;
Or this, or worse, leave not the faithful side
That gave thee being, stil shades thee and protects.
The Wife, where danger or dishonour lurks,
Safest and seemliest by her Husband staies,
Who guards her, or with her the worst endures.
To whom the Virgin Majestie of EVE,
As one who loves, and some unkindness meets,
With sweet austeer composure thus reply'd.
Ofspring of Heav'n and Earth, and all Earths Lord,
That such an enemie we have, who seeks
Our ruin, both by thee informd I learne,
And from the parting Angel over-heard
As in a shadie nook I stood behind,
Just then returnd at shut of Evening Flours.
But that thou shouldst my firmness therefore doubt
To God or thee, because we have a foe
May tempt it, I expected not to hear.
His violence thou fearst not, being such,
As wee, not capable of death or paine,
Can either not receave, or can repell.
His fraud is then thy fear, which plain inferrs
Thy equal fear that my firm Faith and Love
Can by his fraud be shak'n or seduc't;
Thoughts, which how found they harbour in thy Brest,
ADAM, misthought of her to thee so dear?
To whom with healing words ADAM reply'd.
Daughter of God and Man, immortal EVE,
For such thou art, from sin and blame entire:
Not diffident of thee do I dissuade
Thy absence from my sight, but to avoid
Th' attempt it self, intended by our Foe.
For hee who tempts, though in vain, at least asperses
The tempted with dishonour foul, suppos'd
Not incorruptible of Faith, not prooff
Against temptation: thou thy self with scorne
And anger wouldst resent the offer'd wrong,
Though ineffectual found: misdeem not then,
If such affront I labour to avert
From thee alone, which on us both at once
The Enemie, though bold, will hardly dare,
Or daring, first on mee th' assault shall light.
Nor thou his malice and false guile contemn;
Suttle he needs must be, who could seduce
Angels, nor think superfluous others aid.
I from the influence of thy looks receave
Access in every Vertue, in thy sight
More wise, more watchful, stronger, if need were
Of outward strength; while shame, thou looking on,
Shame to be overcome or over-reacht
Would utmost vigor raise, and rais'd unite.
Why shouldst not thou like sense within thee feel
When I am present, and thy trial choose
With me, best witness of thy Vertue tri'd.
So spake domestick ADAM in his care
And Matrimonial Love, but EVE, who thought
Less attributed to her Faith sincere,
Thus her reply with accent sweet renewd.
If this be our condition, thus to dwell
In narrow circuit strait'nd by a Foe,
Suttle or violent, we not endu'd
Single with like defence, wherever met,
How are we happie, still in fear of harm?
But harm precedes not sin: onely our Foe
Tempting affronts us with his foul esteem
Of our integritie: his foul esteeme
Sticks no dishonor on our Front, but turns
Foul on himself; then wherfore shund or feard
By us? who rather double honour gaine
From his surmise prov'd false, finde peace within,
Favour from Heav'n, our witness from th' event.
And what is Faith, Love, Vertue unassaid
Alone, without exterior help sustaind?
Let us not then suspect our happie State
Left so imperfet by the Maker wise,
As not secure to single or combin'd.
Fraile is our happiness, if this be so,
And EDEN were no EDEN thus expos'd.
To whom thus ADAM fervently repli'd.
O Woman, best are all things as the will
Of God ordaind them, his creating hand
Nothing imperfet or deficient left
Of all that he Created, much less Man,
Or ought that might his happie State secure,
Secure from outward force; within himself
The danger lies, yet lies within his power:
Against his will he can receave no harme.
But God left free the Will, for what obeyes
Reason, is free, and Reason he made right,
But bid her well beware, and still erect,
Least by some faire appeering good surpris'd
She dictate false, and missinforme the Will
To do what God expresly hath forbid.
Not then mistrust, but tender love enjoynes,
That I should mind thee oft, and mind thou me.
Firm we subsist, yet possible to swerve,
Since Reason not impossibly may meet
Some specious object by the Foe subornd,
And fall into deception unaware,
Not keeping strictest watch, as she was warnd.
Seek not temptation then, which to avoide
Were better, and most likelie if from mee
Thou sever not; Trial will come unsought.
Wouldst thou approve thy constancie, approve
First thy obedience; th' other who can know,
Not seeing thee attempted, who attest?
But if thou think, trial unsought may finde
Us both securer then thus warnd thou seemst,
Go; for thy stay, not free, absents thee more;
Go in thy native innocence, relie
On what thou hast of vertue, summon all,
For God towards thee hath done his part, do thine.
So spake the Patriarch of Mankinde, but EVE
Persisted, yet submiss, though last, repli'd.
With thy permission then, and thus forewarnd
Chiefly by what thy own last reasoning words
Touchd onely, that our trial, when least sought,
May finde us both perhaps farr less prepar'd,
The willinger I goe, nor much expect
A Foe so proud will first the weaker seek;
So bent, the more shall shame him his repulse.
Thus saying, from her Husbands hand her hand
Soft she withdrew, and like a Wood-Nymph light
OREAD or DRYAD, or of DELIA's Traine,
Betook her to the Groves, but DELIA's self
In gate surpass'd and Goddess-like deport,
Though not as shee with Bow and Quiver armd,
But with such Gardning Tools as Are yet rude,
Guiltless of fire had formd, or Angels brought,
To PALES, or POMONA, thus adornd,
Likest she seemd, POMONA when she fled
VERTUMNUS, or to CERES in her Prime,
Yet Virgin of PROSERPINA from JOVE.
Her long with ardent look his EYE pursu'd
Delighted, but desiring more her stay.
Oft he to her his charge of quick returne,
Repeated, shee to him as oft engag'd
To be returnd by Noon amid the Bowre,
And all things in best order to invite
Noontide repast, or Afternoons repose.
O much deceav'd, much failing, hapless EVE,
Of thy presum'd return! event perverse!
Thou never from that houre in Paradise
Foundst either sweet repast, or found repose;
Such ambush hid among sweet Flours and Shades
Waited with hellish rancor imminent
To intercept thy way, or send thee back
Despoild of Innocence, of Faith, of Bliss.
For now, and since first break of dawne the Fiend,
Meer Serpent in appearance, forth was come,
And on his Quest, where likeliest he might finde
The onely two of Mankinde, but in them
The whole included Race, his purposd prey.
In Bowre and Field he sought, where any tuft
Of Grove or Garden-Plot more pleasant lay,
Thir tendance or Plantation for delight,
By Fountain or by shadie Rivulet
He sought them both, but wish'd his hap might find
EVE separate, he wish'd, but not with hope
Of what so seldom chanc'd, when to his wish,
Beyond his hope, EVE separate he spies,
Veild in a Cloud of Fragrance, where she stood,
Half spi'd, so thick the Roses bushing round
About her glowd, oft stooping to support
Each Flour of slender stalk, whose head though gay
Carnation, Purple, Azure, or spect with Gold,
Hung drooping unsustaind, them she upstaies
Gently with Mirtle band, mindless the while,
Her self, though fairest unsupported Flour,
From her best prop so farr, and storn so nigh.
Neererhe drew, and many a walk travers'd
Of stateliest Covert, Cedar, Pine, or Palme,
Then voluble and bold, now hid, now seen
Among thick-wov'n Arborets and Flours
Imborderd on each Bank, the hand of EVE:
Spot more delicious then those Gardens feign'd
Or of reviv'd ADONIS, or renownd
ALCINOUS, host of old LAERTES Son,
Or that, not Mystic, where the Sapient King
Held dalliance with his faire EGYPTIAN Spouse.
Much hee the Place admir'd, the Person more.
As one who long in populous City pent,
Where Houses thick and Sewers annoy the Aire,
Forth issuing on a Summers Morn, to breathe
Among the pleasant Villages and Farmes
Adjoynd, from each thing met conceaves delight,
The smell of Grain, or tedded Grass, or Kine,
Or Dairie, each rural sight, each rural sound;
If chance with Nymphlike step fair Virgin pass,
What pleasing seemd, for her now pleases more,
She most, and in her look summs all Delight.
Such Pleasure took the Serpent to behold
This Flourie Plat, the sweet recess of EVE
Thus earlie, thus alone; her Heav'nly forme
Angelic, but more soft, and Feminine,
Her graceful Innocence, her every Aire
Of gesture or lest action overawd
His Malice, and with rapine sweet bereav'd
His fierceness of the fierce intent it brought:
That space the Evil one abstracted stood
From his own evil, and for the time remaind
Stupidly good, of enmitie disarm'd,
Of guile, of hate, of envie, of revenge;
But the hot Hell that alwayes in him burnes,
Though in mid Heav'n, soon ended his delight,
And tortures him now more, the more he sees
Of pleasure not for him ordain'd: then soon
Fierce hate he recollects, and all his thoughts
Of mischief, gratulating, thus excites.
Thoughts, whither have he led me, with what sweet
Compulsion thus transported to forget
What hither brought us, hate, not love, nor hope
Of Paradise for Hell, hope here to taste
Of pleasure, but all pleasure to destroy,
Save what is in destroying, other joy
To me is lost. Then let me not let pass
Occasion which now smiles, behold alone
The Woman, opportune to all attempts,
Her Husband, for I view far round, not nigh,
Whose higher intellectual more I shun,
And strength, of courage hautie, and of limb
Heroic built, though of terrestrial mould,
Foe not informidable, exempt from wound,
I not; so much hath Hell debas'd, and paine
Infeebl'd me, to what I was in Heav'n.
Shee fair, divinely fair, fit Love for Gods,
Not terrible, though terrour be in Love
And beautie, not approacht by stronger hate,
Hate stronger, under shew of Love well feign'd,
The way which to her ruin now I tend.
So spake the Enemie of Mankind, enclos'd
In Serpent, Inmate bad, and toward EVE
Address'd his way, not with indented wave,
Prone on the ground, as since, but on his reare,
Circular base of rising foulds, that tour'd
Fould above fould a surging Maze, his Head
Crested aloft, and Carbuncle his Eyes;
With burnisht Neck of verdant Gold, erect
Amidst his circling Spires, that on the grass
Floted redundant: pleasing was his shape,
And lovely, never since of Serpent kind
Lovelier, not those that in ILLYRIA chang'd
HERMIONE and CADMUS, or the God
In EPIDAURUS; nor to which transformd
AMMONIAN JOVE, or CAPITOLINE was seen,
Hee with OLYMPIAS, this with her who bore
SCIPIO the highth of ROME. With tract oblique
At first, as one who sought access, but feard
To interrupt, side-long he works his way.
As when a Ship by skilful Stearsman wrought
Nigh Rivers mouth or Foreland, where the Wind
Veres oft, as oft so steers, and shifts her Saile;
So varied hee, and of his tortuous Traine
Curld many a wanton wreath in sight of EVE,
To lure her Eye; shee busied heard the sound
Of rusling Leaves, but minded not, as us'd
To such disport before her through the Field,
From every Beast, more duteous at her call,
Then at CIRCEAN call the Herd disguis'd.
Hee boulder now, uncall'd before her stood;
But as in gaze admiring: Oft he bowd
His turret Crest, and sleek enamel'd Neck,
Fawning, and lick'd the ground whereon she trod.
His gentle dumb expression turnd at length
The Eye of EVE to mark his play; he glad
Of her attention gaind, with Serpent Tongue
Organic, or impulse of vocal Air,
His fraudulent temptation thus began.
Wonder not, sovran Mistress, if perhaps
Thou canst, who art sole Wonder, much less arm
Thy looks, the Heav'n of mildness, with disdain,
Displeas'd that I approach thee thus, and gaze
Insatiate, I thus single; nor have feard
Thy awful brow, more awful thus retir'd.
Fairest resemblance of thy Maker faire,
Thee all living things gaze on, all things thine
By gift, and thy Celestial Beautie adore
With ravishment beheld, there best beheld
Where universally admir'd; but here
In this enclosure wild, these Beasts among,
Beholders rude, and shallow to discerne
Half what in thee is fair, one man except,
Who sees thee? (and what is one?) who shouldst be seen
A Goddess among Gods, ador'd and serv'd
By Angels numberless, thy daily Train.
So gloz'd the Tempter, and his Proem tun'd;
Into the Heart of EVE his words made way,
Though at the voice much marveling; at length
Not unamaz'd she thus in answer spake.
What may this mean? Language of Man pronounc't
By Tongue of Brute, and human sense exprest?
The first at lest of these I thought deni'd
To Beasts, whom God on their Creation-Day
Created mute to all articulat sound;
The latter I demurre, for in thir looks
Much reason, and in thir actions oft appeers.
Thee, Serpent, suttlest beast of all the field
I knew, but not with human voice endu'd;
Redouble then this miracle, and say,
How cam'st thou speakable of mute, and how
To me so friendly grown above the rest
Of brutal kind, that daily are in sight?
Say, for such wonder claims attention due.
To whom the guileful Tempter thus reply'd.
Empress of this fair World, resplendent EVE,
Easie to mee it is to tell thee all
What thou commandst, and right thou shouldst be obeyd:
I was at first as other Beasts that graze
The trodden Herb, of abject thoughts and low,
As was my food, nor aught but food discern'd
Or Sex, and apprehended nothing high:
Till on a day roaving the field, I chanc'd
A goodly Tree farr distant to behold
Loaden with fruit of fairest colours mixt,
Ruddie and Gold: I nearer drew to gaze;
When from the boughes a savorie odour blow'n,
Grateful to appetite, more pleas'd my sense
Then smell of sweetest Fenel, or the Teats
Of Ewe or Goat dropping with Milk at Eevn,
Unsuckt of Lamb or Kid, that tend thir play.
To satisfie the sharp desire I had
Of tasting those fair Apples, I resolv'd
Not to deferr; hunger and thirst at once,
Powerful perswaders, quick'nd at the scent
Of that alluring fruit, urg'd me so keene.
About the Mossie Trunk I wound me soon,
For high from ground the branches would require
Thy utmost reach or ADAMS: Round the Tree
All other Beasts that saw, with like desire
Longing and envying stood, but could not reach.
Amid the Tree now got, where plentie hung
Tempting so nigh, to pluck and eat my fill
I spar'd not, for such pleasure till that hour
At Feed or Fountain never had I found.
Sated at length, ere long I might perceave
Strange alteration in me, to degree
Of Reason in my inward Powers, and Speech
Wanted not long, though to this shape retaind.
Thenceforth to Speculations high or deep
I turnd my thoughts, and with capacious mind
Considerd all things visible in Heav'n,
Or Earth, or Middle, all things fair and good;
But all that fair and good in thy Divine
Semblance, and in thy Beauties heav'nly Ray
United I beheld; no Fair to thine
Equivalent or second, which compel'd
Mee thus, though importune perhaps, to come
And gaze, and worship thee of right declar'd
Sovran of Creatures, universal Dame.
So talk'd the spirited sly Snake; and EVE
Yet more amaz'd unwarie thus reply'd.
Serpent, thy overpraising leaves in doubt
The vertue of that Fruit, in thee first prov'd:
But say, where grows the Tree, from hence how far?
For many are the Trees of God that grow
In Paradise, and various, yet unknown
To us, in such abundance lies our choice,
As leaves a greater store of Fruit untoucht,
Still hanging incorruptible, till men
Grow up to thir provision, and more hands
Help to disburden Nature of her Bearth.
To whom the wilie Adder, blithe and glad.
Empress, the way is readie, and not long,
Beyond a row of Myrtles, on a Flat,
Fast by a Fountain, one small Thicket past
Of blowing Myrrh and Balme; if thou accept
My conduct, I can bring thee thither soon.
Lead then, said EVE. Hee leading swiftly rowld
In tangles, and make intricate seem strait,
To mischief swift. Hope elevates, and joy
Bright'ns his Crest, as when a wandring Fire
Compact of unctuous vapor, which the Night
Condenses, and the cold invirons round,
Kindl'd through agitation to a Flame,
Which oft, they say, some evil Spirit attends,
Hovering and blazing with delusive Light,
Misleads th' amaz'd Night-wanderer from his way
To Boggs and Mires, & oft through Pond or Poole,
There swallow'd up and lost, from succour farr.
So glister'd the dire Snake and into fraud
Led EVE our credulous Mother, to the Tree
Of prohibition, root of all our woe;
Which when she saw, thus to her guide she spake.
Serpent, we might have spar'd our coming hither,
Fruitless to me, though Fruit be here to excess,
The credit of whose vertue rest with thee,
Wondrous indeed, if cause of such effects.
But of this Tree we may not taste nor touch;
God so commanded, and left that Command
Sole Daughter of his voice; the rest, we live
Law to our selves, our Reason is our Law.
To whom the Tempter guilefully repli'd.
Indeed? hath God then said that of the Fruit
Of all these Garden Trees ye shall not eate,
Yet Lords declar'd of all in Earth or Aire?
To whom thus EVE yet sinless. Of the Fruit
Of each Tree in the Garden we may eate,
But of the Fruit of this fair Tree amidst
The Garden, God hath said, Ye shall not eate
Thereof, nor shall ye touch it, least ye die.
She scarse had said, though brief, when now more bold
The Tempter, but with shew of Zeale and Love
To Man, and indignation at his wrong,
New part puts on, and as to passion mov'd,
Fluctuats disturbd, yet comely, and in act
Rais'd, as of som great matter to begin.
As when of old som Orator renound
In ATHENS or free ROME, where Eloquence
Flourishd, since mute, to som great cause addrest,
Stood in himself collected, while each part,
Motion, each act won audience ere the tongue,
Somtimes in highth began, as no delay
Of Preface brooking through his Zeal of Right.
So standing, moving, or to highth upgrown
The Tempter all impassiond thus began.
O Sacred, Wise, and Wisdom-giving Plant,
Mother of Science, Now I feel thy Power
Within me cleere, not onely to discerne
Things in thir Causes, but to trace the wayes
Of highest Agents, deemd however wise.
Queen of this Universe, doe not believe
Those rigid threats of Death; ye shall not Die:
How should ye? by the Fruit? it gives you Life
To Knowledge? By the Threatner, look on mee,
Mee who have touch'd and tasted, yet both live,
And life more perfet have attaind then Fate
Meant mee, by ventring higher then my Lot.
Shall that be shut to Man, which to the Beast
Is open? or will God incense his ire
For such a pretty Trespass, and not praise
Rather your dauntless vertue, whom the pain
Of Death denounc't, whatever thing Death be,
Deterrd not from atchieving what might leade
To happier life, knowledge of Good and Evil;
Of good, how just? of evil, if what is evil
Be real, why not known, since easier shunnd?
God therefore cannot hurt ye, and be just;
Not just, not God; not feard then, nor obeid:
Your feare it self of Death removes the feare.
Why then was this forbid? Why but to awe,
Why but to keep ye low and ignorant,
His worshippers; he knows that in the day
Ye Eate thereof, your Eyes that seem so cleere,
Yet are but dim, shall perfetly be then
Op'nd and cleerd, and ye shall be as Gods,
Knowing both Good and Evil as they know.
That ye should be as Gods, since I as Man,
Internal Man, is but proportion meet,
I of brute human, yee of human Gods.
So ye shalt die perhaps, by putting off
Human, to put on Gods, death to be wisht,
Though threat'nd, which no worse then this can bring
And what are Gods that Man may not become
As they, participating God-like food?
The Gods are first, and that advantage use
On our belief, that all from them proceeds,
I question it, for this fair Earth I see,
Warm'd by the Sun, producing every kind,
Them nothing: If they all things, who enclos'd
Knowledge of Good and Evil in this Tree,
That whoso eats thereof, forthwith attains
Wisdom without their leave? and wherein lies
Th' offence, that Man should thus attain to know?
What can your knowledge hurt him, or this Tree
Impart against his will if all be his?
Or is it envie, and can envie dwell
In heav'nly brests? these, these and many more
Causes import your need of this fair Fruit.
Goddess humane, reach then, and freely taste.
He ended, and his words replete with guile
Into her heart too easie entrance won:
Fixt on the Fruit she gaz'd, which to behold
Might tempt alone, and in her ears the sound
Yet rung of his perswasive words, impregn'd
With Reason, to her seeming, and with Truth;
Meanwhile the hour of Noon drew on, and wak'd
An eager appetite, rais'd by the smell
So savorie of that Fruit, which with desire,
Inclinable now grown to touch or taste,
Sollicited her longing eye; yet first
Pausing a while, thus to her self she mus'd.
Great are thy Vertues, doubtless, best of Fruits,
Though kept from Man, & worthy to be admir'd,
Whose taste, too long forborn, at first assay
Gave elocution to the mute, and taught
The Tongue not made for Speech to speak thy praise:
Thy praise hee also who forbids thy use,
Conceales not from us, naming thee the Tree
Of Knowledge, knowledge both of good and evil;
Forbids us then to taste, but his forbidding
Commends thee more, while it inferrs the good
By thee communicated, and our want:
For good unknown, sure is not had, or had
And yet unknown, is as not had at all.
In plain then, what forbids he but to know,
Forbids us good, forbids us to be wise?
Such prohibitions binde not. But if Death
Bind us with after-bands, what profits then
Our inward freedom? In the day we eate
Of this fair Fruit, our doom is, we shall die.
How dies the Serpent? hee hath eat'n and lives,
And knows, and speaks, and reasons, and discernes,
Irrational till then. For us alone
Was death invented? or to us deni'd
This intellectual food, for beasts reserv'd?
For Beasts it seems: yet that one Beast which first
Hath tasted, envies not, but brings with joy
The good befall'n him, Author unsuspect,
Friendly to man, farr from deceit or guile.
What fear I then, rather what know to feare
Under this ignorance of Good and Evil,
Of God or Death, of Law or Penaltie?
Here grows the Cure of all, this Fruit Divine,
Fair to the Eye, inviting to the Taste,
Of vertue to make wise: what hinders then
To reach, and feed at once both Bodie and Mind?
So saying, her rash hand in evil hour
Forth reaching to the Fruit, she pluck'd, she eat:
Earth felt the wound, and Nature from her seat
Sighing through all her Works gave signs of woe,
That all was lost. Back to the Thicket slunk
The guiltie Serpent, and well might, for EVE
Intent now wholly on her taste, naught else
Regarded, such delight till then, as seemd,
In Fruit she never tasted, whether true
Or fansied so, through expectation high
Of knowledg, nor was God-head from her thought.
Greedily she ingorg'd without restraint,
And knew not eating Death: Satiate at length,
And hight'nd as with Wine, jocond and boon,
Thus to her self she pleasingly began.
O Sovran, vertuous, precious of all Trees
In Paradise, of operation blest
To Sapience, hitherto obscur'd, infam'd,
And thy fair Fruit let hang, as to no end
Created; but henceforth my early care,
Not without Song, each Morning, and due praise
Shall tend thee, and the fertil burden ease
Of thy full branches offer'd free to all;
Till dieted by thee I grow mature
In knowledge, as the Gods who all things know;
Though others envie what they cannot give;
For had the gift bin theirs, it had not here
Thus grown. Experience, next to thee I owe,
Best guide; not following thee, I had remaind
In ignorance, thou op'nst Wisdoms way,
And giv'st access, though secret she retire.
And I perhaps am secret; Heav'n is high,
High and remote to see from thence distinct
Each thing on Earth; and other care perhaps
May have diverted from continual watch
Our great Forbidder, safe with all his Spies
About him. But to ADAM in what sort
Shall I appeer? shall I to him make known
As yet my change, and give him to partake
Full happiness with mee, or rather not,
But keep the odds of Knowledge in my power
Without Copartner? so to add what wants
In Femal Sex, the more to draw his Love,
And render me more equal, and perhaps
A thing not undesireable, somtime
Superior; for inferior who is free?
This may be well: but what if God have seen,
And Death ensue? then I shall be no more,
And ADAM wedded to another EVE,
Shall live with her enjoying, I extinct;
A death to think. Confirm'd then I resolve,
ADAM shall share with me in bliss or woe:
So dear I love him, that with him all deaths
I could endure; without him live no life.
So saying, from the Tree her step she turnd,
But first low Reverence don, as to the power
That dwelt within, whose presence had infus'd
Into the plant sciential sap, deriv'd
From Nectar, drink of Gods. ADAM the while
Waiting desirous her return, had wove
Of choicest Flours a Garland to adorne
Her Tresses, and her rural labours crown
As Reapers oft are wont thir Harvest Queen.
Great joy he promis'd to his thoughts, and new
Solace in her return, so long delay'd;
Yet oft his heart, divine of somthing ill,
Misgave him; hee the faultring measure felt;
And forth to meet her went, the way she took
That Morn when first they parted; by the Tree
Of Knowledge he must pass, there he her met,
Scarse from the Tree returning; in her hand
A bough of fairest fruit that downie smil'd,
New gatherd, and ambrosial smell diffus'd.
To him she hasted, in her face excuse
Came Prologue, and Apologie to prompt,
Which with bland words at will she thus addrest.
Hast thou not wonderd, ADAM, at my stay?
Thee I have misst, and thought it long, depriv'd
Thy presence, agonie of love till now
Not felt, nor shall be twice, for never more
Mean I to trie, what rash untri'd I sought,
The paine of absence from thy sight. But strange
Hath bin the cause, and wonderful to heare:
This Tree is not as we are told, a Tree
Of danger tasted, nor to evil unknown
Op'ning the way, but of Divine effect
To open Eyes, and make them Gods who taste;
And hath bin tasted such; the Serpent wise,
Or not restraind as wee, or not obeying,
Hath eat'n of the fruit, and is become,
Not dead, as we are threatn'd, but thenceforth
Endu'd with human voice and human sense,
Reasoning to admiration, and with mee
Perswasively hath so prevaild, that I
Have also tasted, and have also found
Th' effects to correspond, opener mine Eyes,
Dimm erst, dilated Spirits, ampler Heart,
And growing up to Godhead; which for thee
Chiefly I sought, without thee can despise.
For bliss, as thou hast part, to me is bliss,
Tedious, unshar'd with thee, and odious soon.
Thou therefore also taste, that equal Lot
May joyne us, equal Joy, as equal Love;
Least thou not tasting, different degree
Disjoyne us, and I then too late renounce
Deitie for thee, when Fate will not permit.
Thus EVE with Countnance blithe her storie told;
But in her Cheek distemper flushing glowd.
On th' other side, ADAM, soon as he heard
The fatal Trespass don by EVE, amaz'd,
Astonied stood and Blank, while horror chill
Ran through his veins, and all his joynts relax'd;
From his slack hand the Garland wreath'd for EVE
Down drop'd, and all the faded Roses shed:
Speechless he stood and pale, till thus at length
First to himself he inward silence broke.
O fairest of Creation, last and best
Of all Gods Works, Creature in whom excell'd
Whatever can to fight or thought be found,
Holy, divine, good, amiable, or sweet!
How art thou lost, how on a sudden lost,
Defac't, deflourd, and now to Death devote?
Rather how hast thou yeelded to transgress
The strict forbiddance, how to violate
The sacred Fruit forbidd'n! som cursed fraud
Of Enemie hath beguil'd thee, yet unknown,
And mee with thee hath ruind, for with thee
Certain my resolution is to Die;
How can I live without thee, how forgoe
Thy sweet Converse and Love so dearly joyn'd,
To live again in these wilde Woods forlorn?
Should God create another EVE, and I
Another Rib afford, yet loss of thee
Would never from my heart; no no, I feel
The Link of Nature draw me: Flesh of Flesh,
Bone of my Bone thou art, and from thy State
Mine never shall be parted, bliss or woe.
So having said, as one from sad dismay
Recomforted, and after thoughts disturbd
Submitting to what seemd remediless,
Thus in calme mood his Words to EVE he turnd.
Bold deed thou hast presum'd, adventrous EVE,
And peril great provok't, who thus hast dar'd
Had it bin onely coveting to Eye
That sacred Fruit, sacred to abstinence,
Much more to taste it under banne to touch.
But past who can recall, or don undoe?
Not God omnipotent, for Fate, yet so
Perhaps thou shalt not Die, perhaps the Fact
Is not so hainous now, foretasted Fruit,
Profan'd first by the Serpent, by him first
Made common and unhallowd: ere one tastes;
Nor yet on him found deadly; he yet lives,
Lives, as thou saidst, and gaines to live as Man
Higher degree of Life, inducement strong
To us, as likely tasting to attaine
Proportional ascent, which cannot be
But to be Gods, or Angels Demi-gods.
Nor can I think that God, Creator wise,
Though threatning, will in earnest so destroy
Us his prime Creatures, dignifi'd so high,
Set over all his Works, which in our Fall,
For us created, needs with us must faile,
Dependent made; so God shall uncreate,
Be frustrate, do, undo, and labour loose,
Not well conceav'd of God, who though his Power
Creation could repeate, yet would be loath
Us to abolish, least the Adversary
Triumph and say; Fickle their State whom God
Most Favors, who can please him long? Mee first
He ruind, now Mankind; whom will he next?
Matter of scorne, not to be given the Foe.
However I with thee have fixt my Lot,
Certain to undergoe like doom, if Death
Consort with thee, Death is to mee as Life;
So forcible within my heart I feel
The Bond of Nature draw me to my owne,
My own in thee, for what thou art is mine;
Our State cannot be severd, we are one,
One Flesh; to loose thee were to loose my self.
So ADAM, and thus EVE to him repli'd.
O glorious trial of exceeding Love,
Illustrious evidence, example high!
Ingaging me to emulate, but short
Of thy perfection, how shall I attaine,
ADAM, from whose deare side I boast me sprung,
And gladly of our Union heare thee speak,
One Heart, one Soul in both; whereof good prooff
This day affords, declaring thee resolvd,
Rather then Death or aught then Death more dread
Shall separate us, linkt in Love so deare,
To undergoe with mee one Guilt, one Crime,
If any be, of tasting this fair Fruit,
Whose vertue, for of good still good proceeds,
Direct, or by occasion hath presented
This happie trial of thy Love, which else
So eminently never had bin known.
Were it I thought Death menac't would ensue
This my attempt, I would sustain alone
The worst, and not perswade thee, rather die
Deserted, then oblige thee with a fact
Pernicious to thy Peace, chiefly assur'd
Remarkably so late of thy so true,
So faithful Love unequald; but I feel
Farr otherwise th' event, not Death, but Life
Augmented, op'nd Eyes, new Hopes, new Joyes,
Taste so Divine, that what of sweet before
Hath toucht my sense, flat seems to this, and harsh.
On my experience, ADAM, freely taste,
And fear of Death deliver to the Windes.
So saying, she embrac'd him, and for joy
Tenderly wept, much won that he his Love
Had so enobl'd, as of choice to incurr
Divine displeasure for her sake, or Death.
In recompence (for such compliance bad
Such recompence best merits) from the bough
She gave him of that fair enticing Fruit
With liberal hand: he scrupl'd not to eat
Against his better knowledge, not deceav'd,
But fondly overcome with Femal charm.
Earth trembl'd from her entrails, as again
In pangs, and Nature gave a second groan,
Skie lowr'd, and muttering Thunder, som sad drops
Wept at compleating of the mortal Sin
Original; while ADAM took no thought,
Eating his fill, nor EVE to iterate
Her former trespass fear'd, the more to soothe
Him with her lov'd societie, that now
As with new Wine intoxicated both
They swim in mirth, and fansie that they feel
Divinitie within them breeding wings
Wherewith to scorn the Earth: but that false Fruit
Farr other operation first displaid,
Carnal desire enflaming, hee on EVE
Began to cast lascivious Eyes, she him
As wantonly repaid; in Lust they burne:
Till ADAM thus 'gan EVE to dalliance move.
EVE, now I see thou art exact of taste,
And elegant, of Sapience no small part,
Since to each meaning savour we apply,
And Palate call judicious; I the praise
Yeild thee, so well this day thou hast purvey'd.
Much pleasure we have lost, while we abstain'd
From this delightful Fruit, nor known till now
True relish, tasting; if such pleasure be
In things to us forbidden, it might be wish'd,
For this one Tree had bin forbidden ten.
But come, so well refresh't, now let us play,
As meet is, after such delicious Fare;
For never did thy Beautie since the day
I saw thee first and wedded thee, adorn'd
With all perfections, so enflame my sense
With ardor to enjoy thee, fairer now
Then ever, bountie of this vertuous Tree.
So said he, and forbore not glance or toy
Of amorous intent, well understood
Of EVE, whose Eye darted contagious Fire.
Her hand he seis'd, and to a shadie bank,
Thick overhead with verdant roof imbowr'd
He led her nothing loath; Flours were the Couch,
Pansies, and Violets, and Asphodel,
And Hyacinth, Earths freshest softest lap.
There they thir fill of Love and Loves disport
Took largely, of thir mutual guilt the Seale,
The solace of thir sin, till dewie sleep
Oppress'd them, wearied with thir amorous play.
Soon as the force of that fallacious Fruit,
That with exhilerating vapour bland
About thir spirits had plaid, and inmost powers
Made erre, was now exhal'd, and grosser sleep
Bred of unkindly fumes, with conscious dreams
Encumberd, now had left them, up they rose
As from unrest, and each the other viewing,
Soon found thir Eyes how op'nd, and thir minds
How dark'nd; innocence, that as a veile
Had shadow'd them from knowing ill, was gon,
Just confidence, and native righteousness,
And honour from about them, naked left
To guiltie shame hee cover'd, but his Robe
Uncover'd more. So rose the DANITE strong
HERCULEAN SAMSON from the Harlot-lap
Of PHILISTEAN DALILAH, and wak'd
Shorn of his strength, They destitute and bare
Of all thir vertue: silent, and in face
Confounded long they sate, as struck'n mute,
Till ADAM, though not less then EVE abasht,
At length gave utterance to these words constraind.
O EVE, in evil hour thou didst give care
To that false Worm, of whomsoever taught
To counterfet Mans voice, true in our Fall,
False in our promis'd Rising; since our Eyes
Op'nd we find indeed, and find we know
Both Good and Evil, Good lost and Evil got,
Bad Fruit of Knowledge, if this be to know,
Which leaves us naked thus, of Honour void,
Of Innocence, of Faith, of Puritie,
Our wonted Ornaments now soild and staind,
And in our Faces evident the signes
Of foul concupiscence; whence evil store;
Even shame, the last of evils; of the first
Be sure then. How shall I behold the face
Henceforth of God or Angel, earst with joy
And rapture so oft beheld? those heav'nly shapes
Will dazle now this earthly, with thir blaze
Insufferably bright. O might I here
In solitude live savage, in some glad
Obscur'd, where highest Woods impenetrable
To Starr or Sun-light, spread thir umbrage broad,
And brown as Evening: Cover me ye Pines,
Ye Cedars, with innumerable boughs
Hide me, where I may never see them more.
But let us now, as in bad plight, devise
What best may for the present serve to hide
The Parts of each from other, that seem most
To shame obnoxious, and unseemliest seen,
Some Tree whose broad smooth Leaves together sowd,
And girded on our loyns, may cover round
Those middle parts, that this new commer, Shame,
There sit not, and reproach us as unclean.
So counsel'd hee, and both together went
Into the thickest Wood, there soon they chose
The Figtree, not that kind for Fruit renown'd,
But such as at this day to INDIANS known
In MALABAR or DECAN spreds her Armes
Braunching so broad and long, that in the ground
The bended Twigs take root, and Daughters grow
About the Mother Tree, a Pillard shade
High overarch't, and echoing Walks between;
There oft the INDIAN Herdsman shunning heate
Shelters in coole, and tends his pasturing Herds
At Loopholes cut through thickest shade: Those Leaves
They gatherd, broad as AMAZONIAN Targe,
And with what skill they had, together sowd,
To gird thir waste, vain Covering if to hide
Thir guilt and dreaded shame; O how unlike
To that first naked Glorie. Such of late
COLUMBUS found th' AMERICAN to girt
With featherd Cincture, naked else and wilde
Among the Trees on Iles and woodie Shores.
Thus fenc't, and as they thought, thir shame in part
Coverd, but not at rest or ease of Mind,
They sate them down to weep, nor onely Teares
Raind at thir Eyes, but high Winds worse within
Began to rise, high Passions, Anger, Hate,
Mistrust, Suspicion, Discord, and shook sore
Thir inward State of Mind, calme Region once
And full of Peace, now tost and turbulent:
For Understanding rul'd not, and the Will
Heard not her lore, both in subjection now
To sensual Appetite, who from beneathe
Usurping over sovran Reason claimd
Superior sway: From thus distemperd brest,
ADAM, estrang'd in look and alterd stile,
Speech intermitted thus to EVE renewd.
Would thou hadst heark'nd to my words, & stai'd
With me, as I besought thee, when that strange
Desire of wandring this unhappie Morn,
I know not whence possessd thee; we had then
Remaind still happie, not as now, despoild
Of all our good, sham'd, naked, miserable.
Let none henceforth seek needless cause to approve
The Faith they owe; when earnestly they seek
Such proof, conclude, they then begin to faile.
To whom soon mov'd with touch of blame thus EVE.
What words have past thy Lips, ADAM severe,
Imput'st thou that to my default, or will
Of wandering, as thou call'st it, which who knows
But might as ill have happ'nd thou being by,
Or to thy self perhaps: hadst thou bin there,
Or bere th' attempt, thou couldst not have discernd
Fraud in the Serpent, speaking as he spake;
No ground of enmitie between us known,
Why hee should mean me ill, or seek to harme.
Was I to have never parted from thy side?
As good have grown there still a liveless Rib.
Being as I am, why didst not thou the Head
Command me absolutely not to go,
Going into such danger as thou saidst?
Too facil then thou didst not much gainsay,
Nay, didst permit, approve, and fair dismiss.
Hadst thou bin firm and fixt in thy dissent,
Neither had I transgress'd, nor thou with mee.
To whom then first incenst ADAM repli'd.
Is this the Love, is the recompence
Of mine to thee, ingrateful EVE, exprest
Immutable when thou wert lost, not I,
Who might have liv'd and joyd immortal bliss,
Yet willingly chose rather Death with thee:
And am I now upbraided, as the cause
Of thy transgressing? not enough severe,
It seems, in thy restraint: what could I more?
I warn'd thee, I admonish'd thee, foretold
The danger, and the lurking Enemie
That lay in wait; beyond this had bin force,
And force upon free Will hath here no place.
But confidence then bore thee on, secure
Either to meet no danger, or to finde
Matter of glorious trial; and perhaps
I also err'd in overmuch admiring
What seemd in thee so perfet, that I thought
No evil durst attempt thee, but I rue
That errour now, which is become my crime,
And thou th' accuser. Thus it shall befall
Him who to worth in Women overtrusting
Lets her Will rule; restraint she will not brook,
And left to her self, if evil thence ensue,
Shee first his weak indulgence will accuse.
Thus they in mutual accusation spent
The fruitless hours, but neither self-condemning
And of thir vain contest appeer'd no end.
THE END OF THE EIGHTH BOOK.
PARADISE LOST
BOOK IX.
Meanwhile the hainous and despightfull act
Of SATAN done in Paradise, and how
Hee in the Serpent had perverted EVE,
Her Husband shee, to taste the fatall fruit,
Was known in Heav'n; for what can scape the Eye
Of God All-seeing, or deceave his Heart
Omniscient, who in all things wise and just,
Hinder'd not SATAN to attempt the minde
Of Man, with strength entire, and free Will arm'd,
Complete to have discover'd and repulst
Whatever wiles of Foe or seeming Friend.
For still they knew, and ought to have still remember'd
The high Injunction not to taste that Fruit,
Whoever tempted; which they not obeying,
Incurr'd, what could they less, the penaltie,
And manifold in sin, deserv'd to fall.
Up into Heav'n from Paradise in hast
Th' Angelic Guards ascended, mute and sad
For Man, for of his state by this they knew,
Much wondring how the suttle Fiend had stoln
Entrance unseen. Soon as th' unwelcome news
From Earth arriv'd at Heaven Gate, displeas'd
All were who heard, dim sadness did not spare
That time Celestial visages, yet mixt
With pitie, violated not thir bliss.
About the new-arriv'd, in multitudes
Th' ethereal People ran, to hear and know
How all befell: they towards the Throne Supream
Accountable made haste to make appear
With righteous plea, thir utmost vigilance,
And easily approv'd; when the most High
Eternal Father from his secret Cloud,
Amidst in Thunder utter'd thus his voice.
Assembl'd Angels, and ye Powers return'd
From unsuccessful charge, be not dismaid,
Nor troubl'd at these tidings from the Earth,
Which your sincerest care could not prevent,
Foretold so lately what would come to pass,
When first this Tempter cross'd the Gulf from Hell.
I told ye then he should prevail and speed
On his bad Errand, Man should be seduc't
And flatter'd out of all, believing lies
Against his Maker; no Decree of mine
Concurring to necessitate his Fall,
Or touch with lightest moment of impulse
His free Will, to her own inclining left
In eevn scale. But fall'n he is, and now
What rests, but that the mortal Sentence pass
On his transgression, Death denounc't that day,
Which he presumes already vain and void,
Because not yet inflicted, as he fear'd,
By some immediate stroak; but soon shall find
Forbearance no acquittance ere day end.
Justice shall not return as bountie scorn'd.
But whom send I to judge them? whom but thee
Vicegerent Son, to thee I have transferr'd
All Judgement, whether in Heav'n, or Earth; or Hell.
Easie it may be seen that I intend
Mercie collegue with Justice, sending thee
Mans Friend, his Mediator, his design'd
Both Ransom and Redeemer voluntarie,
And destin'd Man himself to judge Man fall'n.
So spake the Father, and unfoulding bright
Toward the right hand his Glorie, on the Son
Blaz'd forth unclouded Deitie; he full
Resplendent all his Father manifest
Express'd, and thus divinely answer'd milde.
Father Eternal, thine is to decree,
Mine both in Heav'n and Earth to do thy will
Supream, that thou in mee thy Son belov'd
Mayst ever rest well pleas'd. I go to judge
On Earth these thy transgressors, but thou knowst,
Whoever judg'd, the worst on mee must light,
When time shall be, for so I undertook
Before thee; and not repenting, this obtaine
Of right, that I may mitigate thir doom
On me deriv'd, yet I shall temper so
Justice with Mercie, as may illustrate most
Them fully satisfied, and thee appease.
Attendance none shall need, nor Train, where none
Are to behold the Judgement, but the judg'd,
Those two; the third best absent is condemn'd,
Convict by flight, and Rebel to all Law
Conviction to the Serpent none belongs.
Thus saying, from his radiant Seat he rose
Of high collateral glorie: him Thrones and Powers,
Princedoms, and Dominations ministrant
Accompanied to Heaven Gate, from whence
EDEN and all the Coast in prospect lay.
Down he descended strait; the speed of Gods
Time counts not, though with swiftest minutes wing'd.
Now was the Sun in Western cadence low
From Noon, and gentle Aires due at thir hour
To fan the Earth now wak'd, and usher in
The Eevning coole when he from wrauth more coole
Came the mild Judge and Intercessor both
To sentence Man: the voice of God they heard
Now walking in the Garden, by soft windes
Brought to thir Ears, while day declin'd, they heard
And from his presence hid themselves among
The thickest Trees, both Man and Wife, till God
Approaching, thus to ADAM call'd aloud.
Where art thou ADAM, wont with joy to meet
My coming seen far off? I miss thee here,
Not pleas'd, thus entertaind with solitude,
Where obvious dutie erewhile appear'd unsaught:
Or come I less conspicuous, or what change
Absents thee, or what chance detains? Come forth.
He came, and with him EVE, more loth, though first
To offend, discount'nanc't both, and discompos'd;
Love was not in thir looks, either to God
Or to each other, but apparent guilt,
And shame, and perturbation, and despaire,
Anger, and obstinacie, and hate, and guile.
Whence ADAM faultring long, thus answer'd brief.
I heard thee in the Garden, and of thy voice
Affraid, being naked, hid my self. To whom
The gracious Judge without revile repli'd.
My voice thou oft hast heard, and hast not fear'd,
But still rejoyc't, how is it now become
So dreadful to thee? that thou art naked, who
Hath told thee? hast thou eaten of the Tree
Whereof I gave thee charge thou shouldst not eat?
To whom thus ADAM sore beset repli'd.
O Heav'n! in evil strait this day I stand
Before my Judge, either to undergoe
My self the total Crime, or to accuse
My other self, the partner of my life;
Whose failing, while her Faith to me remaines,
I should conceal, and not expose to blame
By my complaint; but strict necessitie
Subdues me, and calamitous constraint,
Least on my head both sin and punishment,
However insupportable, be all
Devolv'd; though should I hold my peace, yet thou
Wouldst easily detect what I conceale.
This Woman whom thou mad'st to be my help,
And gav'st me as thy perfet gift, so good,
So fit, so acceptable, so Divine,
That from her hand I could suspect no ill,
And what she did, whatever in it self,
Her doing seem'd to justifie the deed;
Shee gave me of the Tree, and I did eate.
To whom the sovran Presence thus repli'd.
Was shee thy God, that her thou didst obey
Before his voice, or was shee made thy guide,
Superior, or but equal, that to her
Thou did'st resigne thy Manhood, and the Place
Wherein God set thee above her made of thee,
And for thee, whose perfection farr excell'd
Hers in all real dignitie: Adornd
She was indeed, and lovely to attract
Thy Love, not thy Subjection, and her Gifts
Were such as under Government well seem'd,
Unseemly to beare rule, which was thy part
And person, had'st thou known thy self aright.
So having said, he thus to EVE in few:
Say Woman, what is this which thou hast done?
To whom sad EVE with shame nigh overwhelm'd,
Confessing soon, yet not before her Judge
Bold or loquacious, thus abasht repli'd.
The Serpent me beguil'd and I did eate.
Which when the Lord God heard, without delay
To Judgement he proceeded on th' accus'd
Serpent though brute, unable to transferre
The Guilt on him who made him instrument
Of mischief, and polluted from the end
Of his Creation; justly then accurst,
As vitiated in Nature: more to know
Concern'd not Man (since he no further knew)
Nor alter'd his offence; yet God at last
To Satan first in sin his doom apply'd,
Though in mysterious terms, judg'd as then best:
And on the Serpent thus his curse let fall.
Because thou hast done this, thou art accurst
Above all Cattel, each Beast of the Field;
Upon thy Belly groveling thou shalt goe,
And dust shalt eat all the days of thy Life.
Between Thee and the Woman I will put
Enmitie, and between thine and her Seed;
Her Seed shall bruise thy head, thou bruise his heel.
So spake this Oracle, then verifi'd
When JESUS son of MARY second EVE,
Saw Satan fall like Lightning down from Heav'n,
Prince of the Aire; then rising from his Grave
Spoild Principalities and Powers, triumpht
In open shew, and with ascention bright
Captivity led captive through the Aire,
The Realme it self of Satan long usurpt,
Whom he shall tread at last under our feet;
Eevn hee who now foretold his fatal bruise,
And to the Woman thus his Sentence turn'd.
Thy sorrow I will greatly multiplie
By thy Conception; Children thou shalt bring
In sorrow forth, and to thy Husbands will
Thine shall submit, hee over thee shall rule.
On ADAM last thus judgement he pronounc'd.
Because thou hast heark'nd to the voice of thy Wife,
And eaten of the Tree concerning which
I charg'd thee, saying: Thou shalt not eate thereof,
Curs'd is the ground for thy sake, thou in sorrow
Shalt eate thereof all the days of thy Life;
Thornes also and Thistles it shall bring thee forth
Unbid, and thou shalt eate th' Herb of th' Field,
In the sweat of thy Face shalt thou eate Bread,
Till thou return unto the ground, for thou
Out of the ground wast taken, know thy Birth,
For dust thou art, and shalt to dust returne.
So judg'd he Man, both Judge and Saviour sent,
And th' instant stroke of Death denounc't that day
Remov'd farr off; then pittying how they stood
Before him naked to the aire, that now
Must suffer change, disdain'd not to begin
Thenceforth the forme of servant to assume,
As when he wash'd his servants feet, so now
As Father of his Familie he clad
Thir nakedness with Skins of Beasts, or slain,
Or as the Snake with youthful Coate repaid;
And thought not much to cloath his Enemies:
Nor hee thir outward onely with the Skins
Of Beasts, but inward nakedness, much more
Opprobrious, with his Robe of righteousness,
Araying cover'd from his Fathers sight.
To him with swift ascent he up returnd,
Into his blissful bosom reassum'd
In glory as of old, to him appeas'd
All, though all-knowing, what had past with Man
Recounted, mixing intercession sweet.
Meanwhile ere thus was sin'd and judg'd on Earth,
Within the Gates of Hell sate Sin and Death,
In counterview within the Gates, that now
Stood open wide, belching outrageous flame
Farr into CHAOS, since the Fiend pass'd through,
Sin opening, who thus now to Death began.
O Son, why sit we here each other viewing
Idlely, while Satan our great Author thrives
In other Worlds, and happier Seat provides
For us his ofspring deare? It cannot be
But that success attends him; if mishap,
Ere this he had return'd, with fury driv'n
By his Avenger, since no place like this
Can fit his punishment, or their revenge.
Methinks I feel new strength within me rise,
Wings growing, and Dominion giv'n me large
Beyond this Deep; whatever drawes me on,
Or sympathie, or som connatural force
Powerful at greatest distance to unite
With secret amity things of like kinde
By secretest conveyance. Thou my Shade
Inseparable must with mee along:
For Death from Sin no power can separate.
But least the difficultie of passing back
Stay his returne perhaps over this Gulfe
Impassable, impervious, let us try
Adventrous work, yet to thy power and mine
Not unagreeable, to found a path
Over this Maine from Hell to that new World
Where Satan now prevailes, a Monument
Of merit high to all th' infernal Host,
Easing thir passage hence, for intercourse,
Or transmigration, as thir lot shall lead.
Nor can I miss the way, so strongly drawn
By this new felt attraction and instinct.
Whom thus the meager Shadow answerd soon.
Goe whither Fate and inclination strong
Leads thee, I shall not lag behinde, nor erre
The way, thou leading, such a sent I draw
Of carnage, prey innumerable, and taste
The savour of Death from all things there that live:
Nor shall I to the work thou enterprisest
Be wanting, but afford thee equal aid.
So saying, with delight he snuff'd the smell
Of mortal change on Earth. As when a flock
Of ravenous Fowl, though many a League remote,
Against the day of Battel, to a Field,
Where Armies lie encampt, come flying, lur'd
With sent of living Carcasses design'd
For death, the following day, in bloodie fight.
So sented the grim Feature, and upturn'd
His Nostril wide into the murkie Air,
Sagacious of his Quarrey from so farr.
Then Both from out Hell Gates into the waste
Wide Anarchie of CHAOS damp and dark
Flew divers, & with Power (thir Power was great)
Hovering upon the Waters; what they met
Solid or slimie, as in raging Sea
Tost up and down, together crowded drove
From each side shoaling towards the mouth of Hell.
As when two Polar Winds blowing adverse
Upon the CRONIAN Sea, together drive
Mountains of Ice, that stop th' imagin'd way
Beyond PETSORA Eastward, to the rich
CATHAIAN Coast. The aggregated Soyle
Death with his Mace petrific, cold and dry,
As with a Trident smote, and fix't as firm
As DELOS floating once; the rest his look
Bound with GORGONIAN rigor not to move,
And with ASPHALTIC slime; broad as the Gate,
Deep to the Roots of Hell the gather'd beach
They fasten'd, and the Mole immense wraught on
Over the foaming deep high Archt, a Bridge
Of length prodigious joyning to the Wall
Immoveable of this now fenceless world
Forfeit to Death; from hence a passage broad,
Smooth, easie, inoffensive down to Hell.
So, if great things to small may be compar'd,
XERXES, the Libertie of GREECE to yoke,
From SUSA his MEMNONIAN Palace high
Came to the Sea, and over HELLESPONT
Bridging his way, EUROPE with ASIA joyn'd,
And scourg'd with many a stroak th' indignant waves.
Now had they brought the work by wondrous Art
Pontifical, a ridge of pendent Rock
Over the vext Abyss, following the track
Of SATAN, to the selfsame place where hee
First lighted from his Wing, and landed safe
From out of CHAOS to the outside bare
Of this round World: with Pinns of Adamant
And Chains they made all fast, too fast they made
And durable; and now in little space
The Confines met of Empyrean Heav'n
And of this World, and on the left hand Hell
With long reach interpos'd; three sev'ral wayes
In sight, to each of these three places led.
And now thir way to Earth they had descri'd,
To Paradise first tending, when behold
SATAN in likeness of an Angel bright
Betwixt the CENTAURE and the SCORPION stearing
His ZENITH, while the Sun in ARIES rose:
Disguis'd he came, but those his Children dear
Thir Parent soon discern'd, though in disguise.
Hee, after EVE seduc't, unminded slunk
Into the Wood fast by, and changing shape
To observe the sequel, saw his guileful act
By EVE, though all unweeting, seconded
Upon her Husband, saw thir shame that sought
Vain covertures; but when he saw descend
The Son of God to judge them, terrifi'd
Hee fled, not hoping to escape, but shun
The present, fearing guiltie what his wrauth
Might suddenly inflict; that past, return'd
By Night, and listning where the hapless Paire
Sate in thir sad discourse, and various plaint,
Thence gatherd his own doom, which understood
Not instant, but of future time. With joy
And tidings fraught, to Hell he now return'd,
And at the brink of CHAOS, neer the foot
Of this new wondrous Pontifice, unhop't
Met who to meet him came, his Ofspring dear.
Great joy was at thir meeting, and at sight
Of that stupendious Bridge his joy encreas'd.
Long hee admiring stood, till Sin, his faire
Inchanting Daughter, thus the silence broke.
O Parent, these are thy magnific deeds,
Thy Trophies, which thou view'st as not thine own,
Thou art thir Author and prime Architect:
For I no sooner in my Heart divin'd,
My Heart, which by a secret harmonie
Still moves with thine, joyn'd in connexion sweet,
That thou on Earth hadst prosper'd, which thy looks
Now also evidence, but straight I felt
Though distant from thee Worlds between, yet felt
That I must after thee with this thy Son;
Such fatal consequence unites us three:
Hell could no longer hold us in her bounds,
Nor this unvoyageable Gulf obscure
Detain from following thy illustrious track.
Thou hast atchiev'd our libertie, confin'd
Within Hell Gates till now, thou us impow'rd
To fortifie thus farr, and overlay
With this portentous Bridge the dark Abyss.
Thine now is all this World, thy vertue hath won
What thy hands builded not, thy Wisdom gain'd
With odds what Warr hath lost, and fully aveng'd
Our foile in Heav'n; here thou shalt Monarch reign,
There didst not; there let him still Victor sway,
As Battel hath adjudg'd, from this new World
Retiring, by his own doom alienated,
And henceforth Monarchie with thee divide
Of all things, parted by th' Empyreal bounds,
His Quadrature, from thy Orbicular World,
Or trie thee now more dang'rous to his Throne.
Whom thus the Prince of Darkness answerd glad.
Fair Daughter, and thou Son and Grandchild both,
High proof ye now have giv'n to be the Race
Of SATAN (for I glorie in the name,
Antagonist of Heav'ns Almightie King)
Amply have merited of me, of all
Th' Infernal Empire, that so neer Heav'ns dore
Triumphal with triumphal act have met,
Mine with this glorious Work, & made one Realm
Hell and this World, one Realm, one Continent
Of easie thorough-fare. Therefore while I
Descend through Darkness, on your Rode with ease
To my associate Powers, them to acquaint
With these successes, and with them rejoyce,
You two this way, among those numerous Orbs
All yours, right down to Paradise descend;
There dwell & Reign in bliss, thence on the Earth
Dominion exercise and in the Aire,
Chiefly on Man, sole Lord of all declar'd,
Him first make sure your thrall, and lastly kill.
My Substitutes I send ye, and Create
Plenipotent on Earth, of matchless might
Issuing from mee: on your joynt vigor now
My hold of this new Kingdom all depends,
Through Sin to Death expos'd by my exploit.
If your joynt power prevaile, th' affaires of Hell
No detriment need feare, goe and be strong.
So saying he dismiss'd them, they with speed
Thir course through thickest Constellations held
Spreading thir bane; the blasted Starrs lookt wan,
And Planets, Planet-strook, real Eclips
Then sufferd. Th' other way SATAN went down
The Causey to Hell Gate; on either side
Disparted CHAOS over built exclaimd,
And with rebounding surge the barrs assaild,
That scorn'd his indignation: through the Gate,
Wide open and unguarded, SATAN pass'd,
And all about found desolate; for those
Appointed to sit there, had left thir charge,
Flown to the upper World; the rest were all
Farr to the inland retir'd, about the walls
Of PANDEMONIUM, Citie and proud seate
Of LUCIFER, so by allusion calld,
Of that bright Starr to SATAN paragond.
There kept thir Watch the Legions, while the Grand
In Council sate, sollicitous what chance
Might intercept thir Emperour sent, so hee
Departing gave command, and they observ'd.
As when the TARTAR from his RUSSIAN Foe
By ASTRACAN over the Snowie Plaines
Retires, or BACTRIAN Sophi from the hornes
Of TURKISH Crescent, leaves all waste beyond
The Realme of ALADULE, in his retreate
To TAURIS or CASBEEN. So these the late
Heav'n-banisht Host, left desert utmost Hell
Many a dark League, reduc't in careful Watch
Round thir Metropolis, and now expecting
Each hour their great adventurer from the search
Of Forrein Worlds: he through the midst unmarkt,
In shew plebeian Angel militant
Of lowest order, past; and from the dore
Of that PLUTONIAN Hall, invisible
Ascended his high Throne, which under state
Of richest texture spred, at th' upper end
Was plac't in regal lustre. Down a while
He sate, and round about him saw unseen:
At last as from a Cloud his fulgent head
And shape Starr bright appeer'd, or brighter, clad
With what permissive glory since his fall
Was left him, or false glitter: All amaz'd
At that so sudden blaze the STYGIAN throng
Bent thir aspect, and whom they wish'd beheld,
Thir mighty Chief returnd: loud was th' acclaime:
Forth rush'd in haste the great consulting Peers,
Rais'd from thir dark DIVAN, and with like joy
Congratulant approach'd him, who with hand
Silence, and with these words attention won.
Thrones, Dominations, Princedoms, Vertues, Powers,
For in possession such, not onely of right,
I call ye and declare ye now, returnd
Successful beyond hope, to lead ye forth
Triumphant out of this infernal Pit
Abominable, accurst, the house of woe,
And Dungeon of our Tyrant: Now possess,
As Lords, a spacious World, to our native Heaven
Little inferiour, by my adventure hard
With peril great atchiev'd. Long were to tell
What I have don, what sufferd, with what paine
Voyag'd the unreal, vast, unbounded deep
Of horrible confusion, over which
By Sin and Death a broad way now is pav'd
To expedite your glorious march; but I
Toild out my uncouth passage, forc't to ride
Th' untractable Abysse, plung'd in the womb
Of unoriginal NIGHT and CHAOS wilde,
That jealous of thir secrets fiercely oppos'd
My journey strange, with clamorous uproare
Protesting Fate supreame; thence how I found
The new created World, which fame in Heav'n
Long had foretold, a Fabrick wonderful
Of absolute perfection, therein Man
Plac't in a Paradise, by our exile
Made happie: Him by fraud I have seduc'd
From his Creator, and the more to increase
Your wonder, with an Apple; he thereat
Offended, worth your laughter, hath giv'n up
Both his beloved Man and all his World,
To Sin and Death a prey, and so to us,
Without our hazard, labour or allarme,
To range in, and to dwell, and over Man
To rule, as over all he should have rul'd.
True is, mee also he hath judg'd, or rather
Mee not, but the brute Serpent in whose shape
Man I deceav'd: that which to mee belongs,
Is enmity, which he will put between
Mee and Mankinde; I am to bruise his heel;
His Seed, when is not set, shall bruise my head:
A World who would not purchase with a bruise,
Or much more grievous pain? Ye have th' account
Of my performance: What remaines, ye Gods,
But up and enter now into full bliss.
So having said, a while he stood, expecting
Thir universal shout and high applause
To fill his eare, when contrary he hears
On all sides, from innumerable tongues
A dismal universal hiss, the sound
Of public scorn; he wonderd, but not long
Had leasure, wondring at himself now more;
His Visage drawn he felt to sharp and spare,
His Armes clung to his Ribs, his Leggs entwining
Each other, till supplanted down he fell
A monstrous Serpent on his Belly prone,
Reluctant, but in vaine, a greater power
Now rul'd him, punisht in the shape he sin'd,
According to his doom: he would have spoke,
But hiss for hiss returnd with forked tongue
To forked tongue, for now were all transform'd
Alike, to Serpents all as accessories
To his bold Riot: dreadful was the din
Of hissing through the Hall, thick swarming now
With complicated monsters, head and taile,
Scorpion and Asp, and AMPHISBAENA dire,
CERASTES hornd, HYDRUS, and ELLOPS drear,
And DIPSAS (Not so thick swarm'd once the Soil
Bedropt with blood of Gorgon, or the Isle
OPHIUSA) but still greatest hee the midst,
Now Dragon grown, larger then whom the Sun
Ingenderd in the PYTHIAN Vale on slime,
Huge PYTHON, and his Power no less he seem'd
Above the rest still to retain; they all
Him follow'd issuing forth to th' open Field,
Where all yet left of that revolted Rout
Heav'n-fall'n, in station stood or just array,
Sublime with expectation when to see
In Triumph issuing forth thir glorious Chief;
They saw, but other sight instead, a crowd
Of ugly Serpents; horror on them fell,
And horrid sympathie; for what they saw,
They felt themselvs now changing; down thir arms,
Down fell both Spear and Shield, down they as fast,
And the dire hiss renew'd, and the dire form
Catcht by Contagion, like in punishment,
As in thir crime. Thus was th' applause they meant,
Turnd to exploding hiss, triumph to shame
Cast on themselves from thir own mouths. There stood
A Grove hard by, sprung up with this thir change,
His will who reigns above, to aggravate
Thir penance, laden with fair Fruit, like that
VVhich grew in Paradise, the bait of EVE
Us'd by the Tempter: on that prospect strange
Thir earnest eyes they fix'd, imagining
For one forbidden Tree a multitude
Now ris'n, to work them furder woe or shame;
Yet parcht with scalding thurst and hunger fierce,
Though to delude them sent, could not abstain,
But on they rould in heaps, and up the Trees
Climbing, sat thicker then the snakie locks
That curld MEGAERA: greedily they pluck'd
The Frutage fair to sight, like that which grew
Neer that bituminous Lake where SODOM flam'd;
This more delusive, not the touch, but taste
Deceav'd; they fondly thinking to allay
Thir appetite with gust, instead of Fruit
Chewd bitter Ashes, which th' offended taste
VVith spattering noise rejected: oft they assayd,
Hunger and thirst constraining, drugd as oft,
VVith hatefullest disrelish writh'd thir jaws
VVith foot and cinders fill'd; so oft they fell
Into the same illusion, not as Man
Whom they triumph'd once lapst. Thus were they plagu'd
And worn with Famin, long and ceasless hiss,
Till thir lost shape, permitted, they resum'd,
Yearly enjoynd, some say, to undergo
This annual humbling certain number'd days,
To dash thir pride, and joy for Man seduc't.
However some tradition they dispers'd
Among the Heathen of thir purchase got,
And Fabl'd how the Serpent, whom they calld
OPHION with EURYNOME, the wide-
Encroaching EVE perhaps, had first the rule
Of high OLYMPUS, thence by SATURN driv'n
And OPS, ere yet DICTAEAN JOVE was born.
Mean while in Paradise the hellish pair
Too soon arriv'd, SIN there in power before,
Once actual, now in body, and to dwell
Habitual habitant; behind her DEATH
Close following pace for pace, not mounted yet
On his pale Horse: to whom SIN thus began.
Second of SATAN sprung, all conquering Death,
What thinkst thou of our Empire now, though earnd
With travail difficult, not better farr
Then stil at Hels dark threshold to have sate watch,
Unnam'd, undreaded, and thy self half starv'd?
Whom thus the Sin-born Monster answerd soon.
To mee, who with eternal Famin pine,
Alike is Hell, or Paradise, or Heaven,
There best, where most with ravin I may meet;
Which here, though plenteous, all too little seems
To stuff this Maw, this vast unhide-bound Corps.
To whom th' incestuous Mother thus repli'd.
Thou therefore on these Herbs, and Fruits, & Flours
Feed first, on each Beast next, and Fish, and Fowle,
No homely morsels, and whatever thing
The Sithe of Time mowes down, devour unspar'd,
Till I in Man residing through the Race,
His thoughts, his looks, words, actions all infect,
And season him thy last and sweetest prey.
This said, they both betook them several wayes,
Both to destroy, or unimmortal make
All kinds, and for destruction to mature
Sooner or later; which th' Almightie seeing,
From his transcendent Seat the Saints among,
To those bright Orders utterd thus his voice.
See with what heat these Dogs of Hell advance
To waste and havoc yonder VVorld, which I
So fair and good created, and had still
Kept in that state, had not the folly of Man
Let in these wastful Furies, who impute
Folly to mee, so doth the Prince of Hell
And his Adherents, that with so much ease
I suffer them to enter and possess
A place so heav'nly, and conniving seem
To gratifie my scornful Enemies,
That laugh, as if transported with some fit
Of Passion, I to them had quitted all,
At random yeilded up to their misrule;
And know not that I call'd and drew them thither
My Hell-hounds, to lick up the draff and filth
Which mans polluting Sin with taint hath shed
On what was pure, till cramm'd and gorg'd, nigh burst
With suckt and glutted offal, at one fling
Of thy victorious Arm, well-pleasing Son,
Both SIN, and DEATH, and yawning GRAVE at last
Through CHAOS hurld, obstruct the mouth of Hell
For ever, and seal up his ravenous Jawes.
Then Heav'n and Earth renewd shall be made pure
To sanctitie that shall receive no staine:
Till then the Curse pronounc't on both precedes.
Hee ended, and the heav'nly Audience loud
Sung HALLELUIA, as the sound of Seas,
Through multitude that sung: Just are thy ways,
Righteous are thy Decrees on all thy Works;
Who can extenuate thee? Next, to the Son,
Destin'd restorer of Mankind, by whom
New Heav'n and Earth shall to the Ages rise,
Or down from Heav'n descend. Such was thir song,
While the Creator calling forth by name
His mightie Angels gave them several charge,
As sorted best with present things. The Sun
Had first his precept so to move, so shine,
As might affect the Earth with cold and heat
Scarce tollerable, and from the North to call
Decrepit Winter, from the South to bring
Solstitial summers heat. To the blanc Moone
Her office they prescrib'd, to th' other five
Thir planetarie motions and aspects
In SEXTILE, SQUARE, and TRINE, and OPPOSITE,
Of noxious efficacie, and when to joyne
In Synod unbenigne, and taught the fixt
Thir influence malignant when to showre,
Which of them rising with the Sun, or falling,
Should prove tempestuous: To the Winds they set
Thir corners, when with bluster to confound
Sea, Aire, and Shoar, the Thunder when to rowle
With terror through the dark Aereal Hall.
Some say he bid his Angels turne ascanse
The Poles of Earth twice ten degrees and more
From the Suns Axle; they with labour push'd
Oblique the Centric Globe: Som say the Sun
Was bid turn Reines from th' Equinoctial Rode
Like distant breadth to TAURUS with the Seav'n
ATLANTICK Sisters, and the SPARTAN Twins
Up to the TROPIC Crab; thence down amaine
By LEO and the VIRGIN and the SCALES,
As deep as CAPRICORNE, to bring in change
Of Seasons to each Clime; else had the Spring
Perpetual smil'd on Earth with vernant Flours,
Equal in Days and Nights, except to those
Beyond the Polar Circles; to them Day
Had unbenighted shon, while the low Sun
To recompence his distance, in thir sight
Had rounded still th' HORIZON, and not known
Or East or West, which had forbid the Snow
From cold ESTOTILAND, and South as farr
Beneath MAGELLAN. At that tasted Fruit
The Sun, as from THYESTEAN Banquet, turn'd
His course intended; else how had the World
Inhabited, though sinless, more then now,
Avoided pinching cold and scorching heate?
These changes in the Heav'ns, though slow, produc'd
Like change on Sea and Land, sideral blast,
Vapour, and Mist, and Exhalation hot,
Corrupt and Pestilent: Now from the North
Of NORUMBEGA, and the SAMOED shoar
Bursting thir brazen Dungeon, armd with ice
And snow and haile and stormie gust and flaw,
BOREAS and CAECIAS and ARGESTES loud
And THRASCIAS rend the Woods and Seas upturn;
With adverse blast up-turns them from the South
NOTUS and AFER black with thundrous Clouds
From SERRALIONA; thwart of these as fierce
Forth rush the LEVANT and the PONENT VVindes
EURUS and ZEPHIR with thir lateral noise,
SIROCCO, and LIBECCHIO. Thus began
Outrage from liveless things; but Discord first
Daughter of Sin, among th' irrational,
Death introduc'd through fierce antipathie:
Beast now with Beast gan war, & Fowle with Fowle,
And Fish with Fish; to graze the Herb all leaving,
Devourd each other; nor stood much in awe
Of Man, but fled him, or with count'nance grim
Glar'd on him passing: these were from without
The growing miseries, which ADAM saw
Alreadie in part, though hid in gloomiest shade,
To sorrow abandond, but worse felt within,
And in a troubl'd Sea of passion tost,
Thus to disburd'n sought with sad complaint.
O miserable of happie! is this the end
Of this new glorious World, and mee so late
The Glory of that Glory, who now becom
Accurst of blessed, hide me from the face
Of God, whom to behold was then my highth
Of happiness: yet well, if here would end
The miserie, I deserv'd it, and would beare
My own deservings; but this will not serve;
All that I eate or drink, or shall beget,
Is propagated curse. O voice once heard
Delightfully, ENCREASE AND MULTIPLY,
Now death to heare! for what can I encrease
Or multiplie, but curses on my head?
Who of all Ages to succeed, but feeling
The evil on him brought by me, will curse
My Head, Ill fare our Ancestor impure,
For this we may thank ADAM; but his thanks
Shall be the execration; so besides
Mine own that bide upon me, all from mee
Shall with a fierce reflux on mee redound,
On mee as on thir natural center light
Heavie, though in thir place. O fleeting joyes
Of Paradise, deare bought with lasting woes!
Did I request thee, Maker, from my Clay
To mould me Man, did I sollicite thee
From darkness to promote me, or here place
In this delicious Garden? as my Will
Concurd not to my being, it were but right
And equal to reduce me to my dust,
Desirous to resigne, and render back
All I receav'd, unable to performe
Thy terms too hard, by which I was to hold
The good I sought not. To the loss of that,
Sufficient penaltie, why hast thou added
The sense of endless woes? inexplicable
Thy Justice seems; yet to say truth, too late,
I thus contest; then should have been refusd
Those terms whatever, when they were propos'd:
Thou didst accept them; wilt thou enjoy the good,
Then cavil the conditions? and though God
Made thee without thy leave, what if thy Son
Prove disobedient, and reprov'd, retort,
Wherefore didst thou beget me? I sought it not:
Wouldst thou admit for his contempt of thee
That proud excuse? yet him not thy election,
But Natural necessity begot.
God made thee of choice his own, and of his own
To serve him, thy reward was of his grace,
Thy punishment then justly is at his Will.
Be it so, for I submit, his doom is fair,
That dust I am, and shall to dust returne:
O welcom hour whenever! why delayes
His hand to execute what his Decree
Fixd on this day? why do I overlive,
Why am I mockt with death, and length'nd out
To deathless pain? how gladly would I meet
Mortalitie my sentence, and be Earth
Insensible, how glad would lay me down
As in my Mothers lap? there I should rest
And sleep secure; his dreadful voice no more
Would Thunder in my ears, no fear of worse
To mee and to my ofspring would torment me
With cruel expectation. Yet one doubt
Pursues me still, least all I cannot die,
Least that pure breath of Life, the Spirit of Man
Which God inspir'd, cannot together perish
With this corporeal Clod; then in the Grave,
Or in some other dismal place, who knows
But I shall die a living Death? O thought
Horrid, if true! yet why? it was but breath
Of Life that sinn'd; what dies but what had life
And sin? the Bodie properly hath neither.
All of me then shall die: let this appease
The doubt, since humane reach no further knows.
For though the Lord of all be infinite,
Is his wrauth also? be it, man is not so,
But mortal doom'd. How can he exercise
Wrath without end on Man whom Death must end?
Can he make deathless Death? that were to make
Strange contradiction, which to God himself
Impossible is held, as Argument
Of weakness, not of Power. Will he, draw out,
For angers sake, finite to infinite
In punisht man, to satisfie his rigour
Satisfi'd never; that were to extend
His Sentence beyond dust and Natures Law,
By which all Causes else according still
To the reception of thir matter act,
Not to th' extent of thir own Spheare. But say
That Death be not one stroak, as I suppos'd,
Bereaving sense, but endless miserie
From this day onward, which I feel begun
Both in me, and without me, and so last
To perpetuitie; Ay me, that fear
Comes thundring back with dreadful revolution
On my defensless head; both Death and I
Am found Eternal, and incorporate both,
Nor I on my part single, in mee all
Posteritie stands curst: Fair Patrimonie
That I must leave ye, Sons; O were I able
To waste it all my self, and leave ye none!
So disinherited how would ye bless
Me now your Curse! Ah, why should all mankind
For one mans fault thus guiltless be condemn'd,
If guiltless? But from mee what can proceed,
But all corrupt, both Mind and Will deprav'd,
Not to do onely, but to will the same
With me? how can they acquitted stand
In sight of God? Him after all Disputes
Forc't I absolve: all my evasions vain
And reasonings, though through Mazes, lead me still
But to my own conviction: first and last
On mee, mee onely, as the sourse and spring
Of all corruption, all the blame lights due;
So might the wrauth, Fond wish! couldst thou support
That burden heavier then the Earth to bear,
Then all the world much heavier, though divided
With that bad Woman? Thus what thou desir'st,
And what thou fearst, alike destroyes all hope
Of refuge, and concludes thee miserable
Beyond all past example and future,
To SATAN onely like both crime and doom.
O Conscience, into what Abyss of fears
And horrors hast thou driv'n me; out of which
I find no way, from deep to deeper plung'd!
Thus ADAM to himself lamented loud
Through the still Night, now now, as ere man fell,
Wholsom and cool, and mild, but with black Air
Accompanied, with damps and dreadful gloom,
Which to his evil Conscience represented
All things with double terror: On the ground
Outstretcht he lay, on the cold ground, and oft
Curs'd his Creation, Death as oft accus'd
Of tardie execution, since denounc't
The day of his offence. Why comes not Death,
Said hee, with one thrice acceptable stroke
To end me? Shall Truth fail to keep her word,
Justice Divine not hast'n to be just?
But Death comes not at call, Justice Divine
Mends not her slowest pace for prayers or cries.
O Woods, O Fountains, Hillocks, Dales and Bowrs,
VVith other echo farr I taught your Shades
To answer, and resound farr other Song.
VVhom thus afflicted when sad EVE beheld,
Desolate where she sate, approaching nigh,
Soft words to his fierce passion she assay'd:
But her with stern regard he thus repell'd.
Out of my sight, thou Serpent, that name best
Befits thee with him leagu'd, thy self as false
And hateful; nothing wants, but that thy shape,
Like his, and colour Serpentine may shew
Thy inward fraud, to warn all Creatures from thee
Henceforth; least that too heav'nly form, pretended
To hellish falshood, snare them. But for thee
I had persisted happie, had not thy pride
And wandring vanitie, when lest was safe,
Rejected my forewarning, and disdain'd
Not to be trusted, longing to be seen
Though by the Devil himself, him overweening
To over-reach, but with the Serpent meeting
Fool'd and beguil'd, by him thou, I by thee,
To trust thee from my side, imagin'd wise,
Constant, mature, proof against all assaults,
And understood not all was but a shew
Rather then solid vertu, all but a Rib
Crooked by nature, bent, as now appears,
More to the part sinister from me drawn,
Well if thrown out, as supernumerarie
To my just number found. O why did God,
Creator wise, that peopl'd highest Heav'n
With Spirits Masculine, create at last
This noveltie on Earth, this fair defect
Of Nature, and not fill the World at once
With Men as Angels without Feminine,
Or find some other way to generate
Mankind? this mischief had not then befall'n,
And more that shall befall, innumerable
Disturbances on Earth through Femal snares,
And straight conjunction with this Sex: for either
He never shall find out fit Mate, but such
As some misfortune brings him, or mistake,
Or whom he wishes most shall seldom gain
Through her perverseness, but shall see her gaind
By a farr worse, or if she love, withheld
By Parents, or his happiest choice too late
Shall meet, alreadie linkt and Wedlock-bound
To a fell Adversarie, his hate or shame:
Which infinite calamitie shall cause
To humane life, and houshold peace confound.
He added not, and from her turn'd, but EVE
Not so repulst, with Tears that ceas'd not flowing,
And tresses all disorderd, at his feet
Fell humble, and imbracing them, besaught
His peace, and thus proceeded in her plaint.
Forsake me not thus, ADAM, witness Heav'n
What love sincere, and reverence in my heart
I beare thee, and unweeting have offended,
Unhappilie deceav'd; thy suppliant
I beg, and clasp thy knees; bereave me not,
Whereon I live, thy gentle looks, thy aid,
Thy counsel in this uttermost distress,
My onely strength and stay: forlorn of thee,
Whither shall I betake me, where subsist?
While yet we live, scarse one short hour perhaps,
Between us two let there be peace, both joyning,
As joyn'd in injuries, one enmitie
Against a Foe by doom express assign'd us,
That cruel Serpent: On me exercise not
Thy hatred for this miserie befall'n,
On me already lost, mee then thy self
More miserable; both have sin'd, but thou
Against God onely, I against God and thee,
And to the place of judgement will return,
There with my cries importune Heaven, that all
The sentence from thy head remov'd may light
On me, sole cause to thee of all this woe,
Mee mee onely just object of his ire.
She ended weeping, and her lowlie plight,
Immoveable till peace obtain'd from fault
Acknowledg'd and deplor'd, in ADAM wraught
Commiseration; soon his heart relented
Towards her, his life so late and sole delight,
Now at his feet submissive in distress,
Creature so faire his reconcilement seeking,
His counsel whom she had displeas'd, his aide;
As one disarm'd, his anger all he lost,
And thus with peaceful words uprais'd her soon.
Unwarie, and too desirous, as before,
So now of what thou knowst not, who desir'st
The punishment all on thy self; alas,
Beare thine own first, ill able to sustaine
His full wrauth whose thou feelst as yet lest part,
And my displeasure bearst so ill. If Prayers
Could alter high Decrees, I to that place
Would speed before thee, and be louder heard,
That on my head all might be visited,
Thy frailtie and infirmer Sex forgiv'n,
To me committed and by me expos'd.
But rise, let us no more contend, nor blame
Each other, blam'd enough elsewhere, but strive
In offices of Love, how we may light'n
Each others burden in our share of woe;
Since this days Death denounc't, if ought I see,
Will prove no sudden, but a slow-pac't evill,
A long days dying to augment our paine,
And to our Seed (O hapless Seed!) deriv'd.
To whom thus EVE, recovering heart, repli'd.
ADAM, by sad experiment I know
How little weight my words with thee can finde,
Found so erroneous, thence by just event
Found so unfortunate; nevertheless,
Restor'd by thee, vile as I am, to place
Of new acceptance, hopeful to regaine
Thy Love, the sole contentment of my heart,
Living or dying from thee I will not hide
What thoughts in my unquiet brest are ris'n,
Tending to som relief of our extremes,
Or end, though sharp and sad, yet tolerable,
As in our evils, and of easier choice.
If care of our descent perplex us most,
Which must be born to certain woe, devourd
By Death at last, and miserable it is
To be to others cause of misery,
Our own begotten, and of our Loines to bring
Into this cursed World a woful Race,
That after wretched Life must be at last
Food for so foule a Monster, in thy power
It lies, yet ere Conception to prevent
The Race unblest, to being yet unbegot.
Childless thou art, Childless remaine:
So Death shall be deceav'd his glut, and with us two
Be forc'd to satisfie his Rav'nous Maw.
But if thou judge it hard and difficult,
Conversing, looking, loving, to abstain
From Loves due Rites, Nuptial embraces sweet,
And with desire to languish without hope,
Before the present object languishing
With like desire, which would be miserie
And torment less then none of what we dread,
Then both our selves and Seed at once to free
From what we fear for both, let us make short,
Let us seek Death, or hee not found, supply
With our own hands his Office on our selves;
Why stand we longer shivering under feares,
That shew no end but Death, and have the power,
Of many wayes to die the shortest choosing,
Destruction with destruction to destroy.
She ended heer, or vehement despaire
Broke off the rest; so much of Death her thoughts
Had entertaind, as di'd her Cheeks with pale.
But ADAM with such counsel nothing sway'd,
To better hopes his more attentive minde
Labouring had rais'd, and thus to EVE repli'd.
EVE, thy contempt of life and pleasure seems
To argue in thee somthing more sublime
And excellent then what thy minde contemnes;
But self-destruction therefore saught, refutes
That excellence thought in thee, and implies,
Not thy contempt, but anguish and regret
For loss of life and pleasure overlov'd.
Or if thou covet death, as utmost end
Of miserie, so thinking to evade
The penaltie pronounc't, doubt not but God
Hath wiselier arm'd his vengeful ire then so
To be forestall'd; much more I fear least Death
So snatcht will not exempt us from the paine
We are by doom to pay; rather such acts
Of contumacie will provoke the highest
To make death in us live: Then let us seek
Som safer resolution, which methinks
I have in view, calling to minde with heed
Part of our Sentence, that thy Seed shall bruise
The Serpents head; piteous amends, unless
Be meant, whom I conjecture, our grand Foe
SATAN, who in the Serpent hath contriv'd
Against us this deceit: to crush his head
Would be revenge indeed; which will be lost
By death brought on our selves, or childless days
Resolv'd, as thou proposest; so our Foe
Shall scape his punishment ordain'd, and wee
Instead shall double ours upon our heads.
No more be mention'd then of violence
Against our selves, and wilful barrenness,
That cuts us off from hope, and savours onely
Rancor and pride, impatience and despite,
Reluctance against God and his just yoke
Laid on our Necks. Remember with what mild
And gracious temper he both heard and judg'd
Without wrauth or reviling; wee expected
Immediate dissolution, which we thought
Was meant by Death that day, when lo, to thee
Pains onely in Child-bearing were foretold,
And bringing forth, soon recompenc't with joy,
Fruit of thy Womb: On mee the Curse aslope
Glanc'd on the ground, with labour I must earne
My bread; what harm? Idleness had bin worse;
My labour will sustain me; and least Cold
Or Heat should injure us, his timely care
Hath unbesaught provided, and his hands
Cloath'd us unworthie, pitying while he judg'd;
How much more, if we pray him, will his ear
Be open, and his heart to pitie incline,
And teach us further by what means to shun
Th' inclement Seasons, Rain, Ice, Hail and Snow,
Which now the Skie with various Face begins
To shew us in this Mountain, while the Winds
Blow moist and keen, shattering the graceful locks
Of these fair spreading Trees; which bids us seek
Som better shroud, som better warmth to cherish
Our Limbs benumm'd, ere this diurnal Starr
Leave cold the Night, how we his gather'd beams
Reflected, may with matter sere foment,
Or by collision of two bodies grinde
The Air attrite to Fire, as late the Clouds
Justling or pusht with Winds rude in thir shock
Tine the slant Lightning, whose thwart flame driv'n down
Kindles the gummie bark of Firr or Pine,
And sends a comfortable heat from farr,
Which might supplie the Sun: such Fire to use,
And what may else be remedie or cure
To evils which our own misdeeds have wrought,
Hee will instruct us praying, and of Grace
Beseeching him, so as we need not fear
To pass commodiously this life, sustain'd
By him with many comforts, till we end
In dust, our final rest and native home.
What better can we do, then to the place
Repairing where he judg'd us, prostrate fall
Before him reverent, and there confess
Humbly our faults, and pardon beg, with tears
VVatering the ground, and with our sighs the Air
Frequenting, sent from hearts contrite, in sign
Of sorrow unfeign'd, and humiliation meek.
Undoubtedly he will relent and turn
From his displeasure; in whose look serene,
VVhen angry most he seem'd and most severe,
VVhat else but favor, grace, and mercie shon?
So spake our Father penitent, nor EVE
Felt less remorse: they forthwith to the place
Repairing where he judg'd them prostrate fell
Before him reverent, and both confess'd
Humbly thir faults, and pardon beg'd, with tears
VVatering the ground, and with thir sighs the Air
Frequenting, sent from hearts contrite, in sign
Of sorrow unfeign'd, and humiliation meek.
THE END OF THE NINTH BOOK.
PARADISE LOST.
BOOK X.
Thus they in lowliest plight repentant stood
Praying, for from the Mercie-seat above
Prevenient Grace descending had remov'd
The stonie from thir hearts, and made new flesh
Regenerat grow instead, that sighs now breath'd
Unutterable, which the Spirit of prayer
Inspir'd, and wing'd for Heav'n with speedier flight
Then loudest Oratorie: yet thir port
Not of mean suiters, nor important less
Seem'd thir Petition, then when th' ancient Pair
In Fables old, less ancient yet then these,
DEUCALION and chaste PYRRHA to restore
The Race of Mankind drownd, before the Shrine
Of THEMIS stood devout. To Heav'n thir prayers
Flew up, nor missed the way, by envious windes
Blow'n vagabond or frustrate: in they passd
Dimentionless through Heav'nly dores; then clad
With incense, where the Golden Altar fum'd,
By thir great Intercessor, came in sight
Before the Fathers Throne: Them the glad Son
Presenting, thus to intercede began.
See Father, what first fruits on Earth are sprung
From thy implanted Grace in Man, these Sighs
And Prayers, which in this Golden Censer, mixt
With Incense, I thy Priest before thee bring,
Fruits of more pleasing savour from thy seed
Sow'n with contrition in his heart, then those
Which his own hand manuring all the Trees
Of Paradise could have produc't, ere fall'n
From innocence. Now therefore bend thine eare
To supplication, heare his sighs though mute;
Unskilful with what words to pray, let mee
Interpret for him, mee his Advocate
And propitiation, all his works on mee
Good or not good ingraft, my Merit those
Shall perfet, and for these my Death shall pay.
Accept me, and in mee from these receave
The smell of peace toward Mankinde, let him live
Before thee reconcil'd, at least his days
Numberd, though sad, till Death, his doom (which I
To mitigate thus plead, not to reverse)
To better life shall yeeld him, where with mee
All my redeemd may dwell in joy and bliss,
Made one with me as I with thee am one.
To whom the Father, without Cloud, serene.
All thy request for Man, accepted Son,
Obtain, all thy request was my Decree:
But longer in that Paradise to dwell,
The Law I gave to Nature him forbids:
Those pure immortal Elements that know
No gross, no unharmoneous mixture foule,
Eject him tainted now, and purge him off
As a distemper, gross to aire as gross,
And mortal food, as may dispose him best
For dissolution wrought by Sin, that first
Distemperd all things, and of incorrupt
Corrupted. I at first with two fair gifts
Created him endowd, with Happiness
And Immortalitie: that fondly lost,
This other serv'd but to eternize woe;
Till I provided Death; so Death becomes
His final remedie, and after Life
Tri'd in sharp tribulation, and refin'd
By Faith and faithful works, to second Life,
Wak't in the renovation of the just,
Resignes him up with Heav'n and Earth renewd.
But let us call to Synod all the Blest
Through Heav'ns wide bounds; from them I will not hide
My judgments, how with Mankind I proceed,
As how with peccant Angels late they saw;
And in thir state, though firm, stood more confirmd.
He ended, and the Son gave signal high
To the bright Minister that watchd, hee blew
His Trumpet, heard in OREB since perhaps
When God descended, and perhaps once more
To sound at general Doom. Th' Angelic blast
Filld all the Regions: from thir blissful Bowrs
Of AMARANTIN Shade, Fountain or Spring,
By the waters of Life, where ere they sate
In fellowships of joy: the Sons of Light
Hasted, resorting to the Summons high,
And took thir Seats; till from his Throne supream
Th' Almighty thus pronounced his sovran Will.
O Sons, like one of us Man is become
To know both Good and Evil, since his taste
Of that defended Fruit; but let him boast
His knowledge of Good lost, and Evil got,
Happier, had it suffic'd him to have known
Good by it self, and Evil not at all.
He sorrows now, repents, and prayes contrite,
My motions in him, longer then they move,
His heart I know, how variable and vain
Self-left. Least therefore his now bolder hand
Reach also of the Tree of Life, and eat,
And live for ever, dream at least to live
Forever, to remove him I decree,
And send him from the Garden forth to Till
The Ground whence he was taken, fitter soile.
MICHAEL, this my behest have thou in charge,
Take to thee from among the Cherubim
Thy choice of flaming Warriours, least the Fiend
Or in behalf of Man, or to invade
Vacant possession som new trouble raise:
Hast thee, and from the Paradise of God
Without remorse drive out the sinful Pair,
From hallowd ground th' unholie, and denounce
To them and to thir Progenie from thence
Perpetual banishment. Yet least they faint
At the sad Sentence rigorously urg'd,
For I behold them soft'nd and with tears
Bewailing thir excess, all terror hide.
If patiently thy bidding they obey,
Dismiss them not disconsolate; reveale
To ADAM what shall come in future dayes,
As I shall thee enlighten, intermix
My Cov'nant in the Womans seed renewd;
So send them forth, though sorrowing, yet in peace:
And on the East side of the Garden place,
Where entrance up from EDEN easiest climbes,
Cherubic watch, and of a Sword the flame
Wide waving, all approach farr off to fright,
And guard all passage to the Tree of Life:
Least Paradise a receptacle prove
To Spirits foule, and all my Trees thir prey,
With whose stol'n Fruit Man once more to delude.
He ceas'd; and th' Archangelic Power prepar'd
For swift descent, with him the Cohort bright
Of watchful Cherubim; four faces each
Had, like a double JANUS, all thir shape
Spangl'd with eyes more numerous then those
Of ARGUS, and more wakeful then to drouze,
Charm'd with ARCADIAN Pipe, the Pastoral Reed
Of HERMES, or his opiate Rod. Meanwhile
To resalute the World with sacred Light
LEUCOTHEA wak'd, and with fresh dews imbalmd
The Earth, when ADAM and first Matron EVE
Had ended now thir Orisons, and found,
Strength added from above, new hope to spring
Out of despaire, joy, but with fear yet linkt;
Which thus to EVE his welcome words renewd.
EVE, easily may Faith admit, that all
The good which we enjoy, from Heav'n descends
But that from us ought should ascend to Heav'n
So prevalent as to concerne the mind
Of God high blest, or to incline his will,
Hard to belief may seem; yet this will Prayer,
Or one short sigh of humane breath, up-borne
Ev'n to the Seat of God. For since I saught
By Prayer th' offended Deitie to appease,
Kneel'd and before him humbl'd all my heart,
Methought I saw him placable and mild,
Bending his eare; perswasion in me grew
That I was heard with favour; peace returnd
Home to my brest, and to my memorie
His promise, that thy Seed shall bruise our Foe;
Which then not minded in dismay, yet now
Assures me that the bitterness of death
Is past, and we shall live. Whence Haile to thee,
EVE rightly call'd, Mother of all Mankind,
Mother of all things living, since by thee
Man is to live, and all things live for Man.
To whom thus EVE with sad demeanour meek.
Ill worthie I such title should belong
To me transgressour, who for thee ordaind
A help, became thy snare; to mee reproach
Rather belongs, distrust and all dispraise:
But infinite in pardon was my Judge,
That I who first brought Death on all, am grac't
The sourse of life; next favourable thou,
Who highly thus to entitle me voutsaf't,
Farr other name deserving. But the Field
To labour calls us now with sweat impos'd,
Though after sleepless Night; for see the Morn,
All unconcern'd with our unrest, begins
Her rosie progress smiling; let us forth,
I never from thy side henceforth to stray,
Wherere our days work lies, though now enjoind
Laborious, till day droop; while here we dwell,
What can be toilsom in these pleasant Walkes?
Here let us live, though in fall'n state, content.
So spake, so wish'd much-humbl'd EVE, but Fate
Subscrib'd not; Nature first gave Signs, imprest
On Bird, Beast, Aire, Aire suddenly eclips'd
After short blush of Morn; nigh in her sight
The Bird of JOVE, stoopt from his aerie tour,
Two Birds of gayest plume before him drove:
Down from a Hill the Beast that reigns in Woods,
First Hunter then, pursu'd a gentle brace,
Goodliest of all the Forrest, Hart and Hinde;
Direct to th' Eastern Gate was bent thir flight.
ADAM observ'd, and with his Eye the chase
Pursuing, not unmov'd to EVE thus spake.
O EVE, some furder change awaits us nigh,
Which Heav'n by these mute signs in Nature shews
Forerunners of his purpose, or to warn
Us haply too secure of our discharge
From penaltie, because from death releast
Some days; how long, and what till then our life,
Who knows, or more then this, that we are dust,
And thither must return and be no more.
VVhy else this double object in our sight
Of flight pursu'd in th' Air and ore the ground
One way the self-same hour? why in the East
Darkness ere Dayes mid-course, and Morning light
More orient in yon VVestern Cloud that draws
O're the blew Firmament a radiant white,
And slow descends, with somthing heav'nly fraught.
He err'd not, for by this the heav'nly Bands
Down from a Skie of Jasper lighted now
In Paradise, and on a Hill made alt,
A glorious Apparition, had not doubt
And carnal fear that day dimm'd ADAMS eye.
Not that more glorious, when the Angels met
JACOB in MAHANAIM, where he saw
The field Pavilion'd with his Guardians bright;
Nor that which on the flaming Mount appeerd
In DOTHAN, cover'd with a Camp of Fire,
Against the SYRIAN King, who to surprize
One man, Assassin-like had levied Warr,
Warr unproclam'd. The Princely Hierarch
In thir bright stand, there left his Powers to seise
Possession of the Garden; hee alone,
To finde where ADAM shelterd, took his way,
Not unperceav'd of ADAM, who to EVE,
While the great Visitant approachd, thus spake.
EVE, now expect great tidings, which perhaps
Of us will soon determin, or impose
New Laws to be observ'd; for I descrie
From yonder blazing Cloud that veils the Hill
One of the heav'nly Host, and by his Gate
None of the meanest, some great Potentate
Or of the Thrones above, such Majestie
Invests him coming; yet not terrible,
That I should fear, nor sociably mild,
As RAPHAEL, that I should much confide,
But solemn and sublime, whom not to offend,
With reverence I must meet, and thou retire.
He ended; and th' Arch-Angel soon drew nigh,
Not in his shape Celestial, but as Man
Clad to meet Man; over his lucid Armes
A militarie Vest of purple flowd
Livelier then MELIBOEAN, or the graine
Of SARRA, worn by Kings and Hero's old
In time of Truce; IRIS had dipt the wooff;
His starrie Helme unbuckl'd shew'd him prime
In Manhood where Youth ended; by his side
As in a glistering ZODIAC hung the Sword,
Satans dire dread, and in his hand the Spear.
ADAM bowd low, hee Kingly from his State
Inclin'd not, but his coming thus declar'd.
ADAM, Heav'ns high behest no Preface needs:
Sufficient that thy Prayers are heard, and Death,
Then due by sentence when thou didst transgress,
Defeated of his seisure many dayes
Giv'n thee of Grace, wherein thou may'st repent,
And one bad act with many deeds well done
Mayst cover: well may then thy Lord appeas'd
Redeem thee quite from Deaths rapacious claimes;
But longer in this Paradise to dwell
Permits not; to remove thee I am come,
And send thee from the Garden forth to till
The ground whence thou wast tak'n, fitter Soile.
He added not, for ADAM at the newes
Heart-strook with chilling gripe of sorrow stood,
That all his senses bound; EVE, who unseen
Yet all had heard, with audible lament
Discover'd soon the place of her retire.
O unexpected stroke, worse then of Death!
Must I thus leave thee Paradise? thus leave
Thee Native Soile, these happie Walks and Shades,
Fit haunt of Gods? where I had hope to spend,
Quiet though sad, the respit of that day
That must be mortal to us both. O flours,
That never will in other Climate grow,
My early visitation, and my last
At Eev'n, which I bred up with tender hand
From the first op'ning bud, and gave ye Names,
Who now shall reare ye to the Sun, or ranke
Your Tribes, and water from th' ambrosial Fount?
Thee lastly nuptial Bowre, by mee adornd
With what to sight or smell was sweet; from thee
How shall I part, and whither wander down
Into a lower World, to this obscure
And wilde, how shall we breath in other Aire
Less pure, accustomd to immortal Fruits?
Whom thus the Angel interrupted milde.
Lament not EVE, but patiently resigne
What justly thou hast lost; nor set thy heart,
Thus over fond, on that which is not thine;
Thy going is not lonely, with thee goes
Thy Husband, him to follow thou art bound;
Where he abides, think there thy native soile.
ADAM by this from the cold sudden damp
Recovering, and his scatterd spirits returnd,
To MICHAEL thus his humble words addressd.
Celestial, whether among the Thrones, or nam'd
Of them the Highest, for such of shape may seem
Prince above Princes, gently hast thou tould
Thy message, which might else in telling wound,
And in performing end us; what besides
Of sorrow and dejection and despair
Our frailtie can sustain, thy tidings bring,
Departure from this happy place, our sweet
Recess, and onely consolation left
Familiar to our eyes, all places else
Inhospitable appeer and desolate,
Nor knowing us nor known: and if by prayer
Incessant I could hope to change the will
Of him who all things can, I would not cease
To wearie him with my assiduous cries:
But prayer against his absolute Decree
No more availes then breath against the winde,
Blown stifling back on him that breaths it forth:
Therefore to his great bidding I submit.
This most afflicts me, that departing hence,
As from his face I shall be hid, deprivd
His blessed count'nance; here I could frequent,
With worship, place by place where he voutsaf'd
Presence Divine, and to my Sons relate;
On this Mount he appeerd, under this Tree
Stood visible, among these Pines his voice
I heard, here with him at this Fountain talk'd:
So many grateful Altars I would reare
Of grassie Terfe, and pile up every Stone
Of lustre from the brook, in memorie,
Or monument to Ages, and thereon
Offer sweet smelling Gumms & Fruits and Flours:
In yonder nether World where shall I seek
His bright appearances, or footstep trace?
For though I fled him angrie, yet recall'd
To life prolongd and promisd Race, I now
Gladly behold though but his utmost skirts
Of glory, and farr off his steps adore.
To whom thus MICHAEL with regard benigne.
ADAM, thou know'st Heav'n his, and all the Earth
Not this Rock onely; his Omnipresence fills
Land, Sea, and Aire, and every kinde that lives,
Fomented by his virtual power and warmd:
All th' Earth he gave thee to possess and rule,
No despicable gift; surmise not then
His presence to these narrow bounds confin'd
Of Paradise or EDEN: this had been
Perhaps thy Capital Seate, from whence had spred
All generations, and had hither come
From all the ends of th' Earth, to celebrate
And reverence thee thir great Progenitor.
But this praeeminence thou hast lost, brought down
To dwell on eeven ground now with thy Sons:
Yet doubt not but in Vallie and in Plaine
God is as here, and will be found alike
Present, and of his presence many a signe
Still following thee, still compassing thee round
With goodness and paternal Love, his Face
Express, and of his steps the track Divine.
Which that thou mayst beleeve, and be confirmd,
Ere thou from hence depart, know I am sent
To shew thee what shall come in future dayes
To thee and to thy Ofspring; good with bad
Expect to hear, supernal Grace contending
With sinfulness of Men; thereby to learn
True patience, and to temper joy with fear
And pious sorrow, equally enur'd
By moderation either state to beare,
Prosperous or adverse: so shalt thou lead
Safest thy life, and best prepar'd endure
Thy mortal passage when it comes. Ascend
This Hill; let EVE (for I have drencht her eyes)
Here sleep below while thou to foresight wak'st,
As once thou slepst, while Shee to life was formd.
To whom thus ADAM gratefully repli'd.
Ascend, I follow thee, safe Guide, the path
Thou lead'st me, and to the hand of Heav'n submit,
However chast'ning, to the evil turne
My obvious breast, arming to overcom
By suffering, and earne rest from labour won,
If so I may attain. So both ascend
In the Visions of God: It was a Hill
Of Paradise the highest, from whose top
The Hemisphere of Earth in cleerest Ken
Stretcht out to amplest reach of prospect lay.
Not higher that Hill nor wider looking round,
Whereon for different cause the Tempter set
Our second ADAM in the Wilderness,
To shew him all Earths Kingdomes and thir Glory.
His Eye might there command wherever stood
City of old or modern Fame, the Seat
Of mightiest Empire, from the destind Walls
Of CAMBALU, seat of CATHAIAN CAN
And SAMARCHAND by OXUS, TEMIRS Throne,
To PAQUIN of SINAEAN Kings, and thence
To AGRA and LAHOR of great MOGUL
Down to the golden CHERSONESE, or where
The PERSIAN in ECBATAN sate, or since
In HISPAHAN, or where the RUSSIAN KSAR
In MOSCO, or the Sultan in BIZANCE,
TURCHESTAN-born; nor could his eye not ken
Th' Empire of NEGUS to his utmost Port
ERCOCO and the less Maritine Kings
MOMBAZA, and QUILOA, and MELIND,
And SOFALA thought OPHIR, to the Realme
Of CONGO, and ANGOLA fardest South;
Or thence from NIGER Flood to ATLAS Mount
The Kingdoms of ALMANSOR, FEZ, and SUS,
MAROCCO and ALGIERS, and TREMISEN;
On EUROPE thence, and where ROME was to sway
The VVorld: in Spirit perhaps he also saw
Rich MEXICO the seat of MOTEZUME,
And CUSCO in PERU, the richer seat
Of ATABALIPA, and yet unspoil'd
GUIANA, whose great Citie GERYONS Sons
Call EL DORADO: but to nobler sights
MICHAEL from ADAMS eyes the Filme remov'd
VVhich that false Fruit that promis'd clearer sight
Had bred; then purg'd with Euphrasie and Rue
The visual Nerve, for he had much to see;
And from the VVell of Life three drops instill'd.
So deep the power of these Ingredients pierc'd,
Eevn to the inmost seat of mental sight,
That ADAM now enforc't to close his eyes,
Sunk down and all his Spirits became intranst:
But him the gentle Angel by the hand
Soon rais'd, and his attention thus recall'd.
ADAM, now ope thine eyes, and first behold
Th' effects which thy original crime hath wrought
In some to spring from thee, who never touch'd
Th' excepted Tree, nor with the Snake conspir'd,
Nor sinn'd thy sin, yet from that sin derive
Corruption to bring forth more violent deeds.
His eyes he op'nd, and beheld a field,
Part arable and tilth, whereon were Sheaves
New reapt, the other part sheep-walks and foulds;
Ith' midst an Altar as the Land-mark stood
Rustic, of grassie sord; thither anon
A sweatie Reaper from his Tillage brought
First Fruits, the green Eare, and the yellow Sheaf,
Uncull'd, as came to hand; a Shepherd next
More meek came with the Firstlings of his Flock
Choicest and best; then sacrificing, laid
The Inwards and thir Fat, with Incense strew'd,
On the cleft Wood, and all due Rites perform'd.
His Offring soon propitious Fire from Heav'n
Consum'd with nimble glance, and grateful steame;
The others not, for his was not sincere;
Whereat hee inlie rag'd, and as they talk'd,
Smote him into the Midriff with a stone
That beat out life; he fell, and deadly pale
Groand out his Soul with gushing bloud effus'd.
Much at that sight was ADAM in his heart
Dismai'd, and thus in haste to th' Angel cri'd.
O Teacher, some great mischief hath befall'n
To that meek man, who well had sacrific'd;
Is Pietie thus and pure Devotion paid?
T' whom MICHAEL thus, hee also mov'd, repli'd.
These two are Brethren, ADAM, and to come
Out of thy loyns; th' unjust the just hath slain,
For envie that his Brothers Offering found
From Heav'n acceptance; but the bloodie Fact
Will be aveng'd, and th' others Faith approv'd
Loose no reward, though here thou see him die,
Rowling in dust and gore. To which our Sire.
Alas, both for the deed and for the cause!
But have I now seen Death? Is this the way
I must return to native dust? O sight
Of terrour, foul and ugly to behold,
Horrid to think, how horrible to feel!
To whom thus MICHAEL. Death thou hast seen
In his first shape on man; but many shapes
Of Death, and many are the wayes that lead
To his grim Cave, all dismal; yet to sense
More terrible at th' entrance then within.
Some, as thou saw'st, by violent stroke shall die,
By Fire, Flood, Famin, by Intemperance more
In Meats and Drinks, which on the Earth shal bring
Diseases dire, of which a monstrous crew
Before thee shall appear; that thou mayst know
What miserie th' inabstinence of EVE
Shall bring on men. Immediately a place
Before his eyes appeard, sad, noysom, dark,
A Lazar-house it seemd, wherein were laid
Numbers of all diseas'd, all maladies
Of gastly Spasm, or racking torture, qualmes
Of heart-sick Agonie, all feavorous kinds,
Convulsions, Epilepsies, fierce Catarrhs,
Intestin Stone and Ulcer, Colic pangs,
Dropsies, and Asthma's, and Joint-racking Rheums.
Dire was the tossing, deep the groans, despair
Tended the sick busiest from Couch to Couch;
And over them triumphant Death his Dart
Shook, but delaid to strike, though oft invok't
With vows, as thir chief good, and final hope.
Sight so deform what heart of Rock could long
Drie-ey'd behold? ADAM could not, but wept,
Though not of Woman born; compassion quell'd
His best of Man, and gave him up to tears
A space, till firmer thoughts restraind excess,
And scarce recovering words his plaint renew'd.
O miserable Mankind, to what fall
Degraded, to what wretched state reserv'd?
Better end heer unborn. Why is life giv'n
To be thus wrested from us? rather why
Obtruded on us thus? who if we knew
What we receive, would either not accept
Life offer'd, or soon beg to lay it down,
Glad to be so dismist in peace. Can thus
Th' Image of God in man created once
So goodly and erect, though faultie since,
To such unsightly sufferings be debas't
Under inhuman pains? Why should not Man,
Retaining still Divine similitude
In part, from such deformities be free,
And for his Makers Image sake exempt?
Thir Makers Image, answerd MICHAEL, then
Forsook them, when themselves they villifi'd
To serve ungovern'd appetite, and took
His Image whom they serv'd, a brutish vice,
Inductive mainly to the sin of EVE.
Therefore so abject is thir punishment,
Disfiguring not Gods likeness, but thir own,
Or if his likeness, by themselves defac't
While they pervert pure Natures healthful rules
To loathsom sickness, worthily, since they
Gods Image did not reverence in themselves.
I yeild it just, said ADAM, and submit.
But is there yet no other way, besides
These painful passages, how we may come
To Death, and mix with our connatural dust?
There is, said MICHAEL, if thou well observe
The rule of not too much, by temperance taught
In what thou eatst and drinkst, seeking from thence
Due nourishment, not gluttonous delight,
Till many years over thy head return:
So maist thou live, till like ripe Fruit thou drop
Into thy Mothers lap, or be with ease
Gatherd, not harshly pluckt, for death mature:
This is old age; but then thou must outlive
Thy youth, thy strength, thy beauty, which will change
To witherd weak & gray; thy Senses then
Obtuse, all taste of pleasure must forgoe,
To what thou hast, and for the Aire of youth
Hopeful and cheerful, in thy blood will reigne
A melancholly damp of cold and dry
To waigh thy spirits down, and last consume
The Balme of Life. To whom our Ancestor.
Henceforth I flie not Death, nor would prolong
Life much, bent rather how I may be quit
Fairest and easiest of this combrous charge,
Which I must keep till my appointed day
Of rendring up. MICHAEL to him repli'd.
Nor love thy Life, nor hate; but what thou livst
Live well, how long or short permit to Heav'n:
And now prepare thee for another sight.
He lookd and saw a spacious Plaine, whereon
Were Tents of various hue; by some were herds
Of Cattel grazing: others, whence the sound
Of Instruments that made melodious chime
Was heard, of Harp and Organ; and who moovd
Thir stops and chords was seen: his volant touch
Instinct through all proportions low and high
Fled and pursu'd transverse the resonant fugue.
In other part stood one who at the Forge
Labouring, two massie clods of Iron and Brass
Had melted (whether found where casual fire
Had wasted woods on Mountain or in Vale,
Down to the veins of Earth, thence gliding hot
To som Caves mouth, or whether washt by stream
From underground) the liquid Ore he dreind
Into fit moulds prepar'd; from which he formd
First his own Tooles; then, what might else be wrought
Fulfil or grav'n in mettle. After these,
But on the hether side a different sort
From the high neighbouring Hills, which was thir Seat,
Down to the Plain descended: by thir guise
Just men they seemd, and all thir study bent
To worship God aright, and know his works
Not hid, nor those things lost which might preserve
Freedom and Peace to men: they on the Plain
Long had not walkt, when from the Tents behold
A Beavie of fair Women, richly gay
In Gems and wanton dress; to the Harp they sung
Soft amorous Ditties, and in dance came on:
The Men though grave, ey'd them, and let thir eyes
Rove without rein, till in the amorous Net
Fast caught, they lik'd, and each his liking chose;
And now of love they treat till th' Eevning Star
Loves Harbinger appeerd; then all in heat
They light the Nuptial Torch, and bid invoke
Hymen, then first to marriage Rites invok't;
With Feast and Musick all the Tents resound.
Such happy interview and fair event
Of love & youth not lost, Songs, Garlands, Flours,
And charming Symphonies attach'd the heart
Of ADAM, soon enclin'd to admit delight,
The bent of Nature; which he thus express'd.
True opener of mine eyes, prime Angel blest,
Much better seems this Vision, and more hope
Of peaceful dayes portends, then those two past;
Those were of hate and death, or pain much worse,
Here Nature seems fulfilld in all her ends.
To whom thus MICHAEL. Judg not what is best
By pleasure, though to Nature seeming meet,
Created, as thou art, to nobler end
Holie and pure, conformitie divine.
Those Tents thou sawst so pleasant, were the Tents
Of wickedness, wherein shall dwell his Race
Who slew his Brother; studious they appere
Of Arts that polish Life, Inventers rare,
Unmindful of thir Maker, though his Spirit
Taught them, but they his gifts acknowledg'd none.
Yet they a beauteous ofspring shall beget;
For that fair femal Troop thou sawst, that seemd
Of Goddesses, so blithe, so smooth, so gay,
Yet empty of all good wherein consists
Womans domestic honour and chief praise;
Bred onely and completed to the taste
Of lustful apperence, to sing, to dance,
To dress, and troule the Tongue, and roule the Eye.
To these that sober Race of Men, whose lives
Religious titl'd them the Sons of God,
Shall yeild up all thir vertue, all thir fame
Ignobly, to the trains and to the smiles
Of these fair Atheists, and now swim in joy,
(Erelong to swim at larg) and laugh; for which
The world erelong a world of tears must weepe.
To whom thus ADAM of short joy bereft.
O pittie and shame, that they who to live well
Enterd so faire, should turn aside to tread
Paths indirect, or in the mid way faint!
But still I see the tenor of Mans woe
Holds on the same, from Woman to begin.
From Mans effeminate slackness it begins,
Said th' Angel, who should better hold his place
By wisdome, and superiour gifts receavd.
But now prepare thee for another Scene.
He lookd and saw wide Territorie spred
Before him, Towns, and rural works between,
Cities of Men with lofty Gates and Towrs,
Concours in Arms, fierce Faces threatning Warr,
Giants of mightie Bone, and bould emprise;
Part wield thir Arms, part courb the foaming Steed,
Single or in Array of Battel rang'd
Both Horse and Foot, nor idely mustring stood;
One way a Band select from forage drives
A herd of Beeves, faire Oxen and faire Kine
From a fat Meddow ground; or fleecy Flock,
Ewes and thir bleating Lambs over the Plaine,
Thir Bootie; scarce with Life the Shepherds flye,
But call in aide, which tacks a bloody Fray;
With cruel Tournament the Squadrons joine;
Where Cattel pastur'd late, now scatterd lies
With Carcasses and Arms th' ensanguind Field
Deserted: Others to a Citie strong
Lay Siege, encampt; by Batterie, Scale, and Mine,
Assaulting; others from the Wall defend
With Dart and Jav'lin, Stones and sulfurous Fire;
On each hand slaughter and gigantic deeds.
In other part the scepter'd Haralds call
To Council in the Citie Gates: anon
Grey-headed men and grave, with Warriours mixt,
Assemble, and Harangues are heard, but soon
In factious opposition, till at last
Of middle Age one rising, eminent
In wise deport, spake much of Right and Wrong,
Of Justice, of Religion, Truth and Peace,
And Judgement from above: him old and young
Exploded, and had seiz'd with violent hands,
Had not a Cloud descending snatch'd him thence
Unseen amid the throng: so violence
Proceeded, and Oppression, and Sword-Law
Through all the Plain, and refuge none was found.
ADAM was all in tears, and to his guide
Lamenting turnd full sad; O what are these,
Deaths Ministers, not Men, who thus deal Death
Inhumanly to men, and multiply
Ten thousand fould the sin of him who slew
His Brother; for of whom such massacher
Make they but of thir Brethren, men of men?
But who was that Just Man, whom had not Heav'n
Rescu'd, had in his Righteousness bin lost?
To whom thus MICHAEL; These are the product
Of those ill-mated Marriages thou saw'st;
Where good with bad were matcht, who of themselves
Abhor to joyn; and by imprudence mixt,
Produce prodigious Births of bodie or mind.
Such were these Giants, men of high renown;
For in those dayes Might onely shall be admir'd,
And Valour and Heroic Vertu call'd;
To overcome in Battel, and subdue
Nations, and bring home spoils with infinite
Man-slaughter, shall be held the highest pitch
Of human Glorie, and for Glorie done
Of triumph, to be styl'd great Conquerours,
Patrons of Mankind, Gods, and Sons of Gods,
Destroyers rightlier call'd and Plagues of men.
Thus Fame shall be achiev'd, renown on Earth,
And what most merits fame in silence hid.
But hee the seventh from thee, whom thou beheldst
The onely righteous in a World perverse,
And therefore hated, therefore so beset
With Foes for daring single to be just,
And utter odious Truth, that God would come
To judge them with his Saints: Him the most High
Rapt in a balmie Cloud with winged Steeds
Did, as thou sawst, receave, to walk with God
High in Salvation and the Climes of bliss,
Exempt from Death; to shew thee what reward
Awaits the good, the rest what punishment;
Which now direct thine eyes and soon behold.
He look'd, & saw the face of things quite chang'd;
The brazen Throat of Warr had ceast to roar,
All now was turn'd to jollitie and game,
To luxurie and riot, feast and dance,
Marrying or prostituting, as befell,
Rape or Adulterie, where passing faire
Allurd them; thence from Cups to civil Broiles.
At length a Reverend Sire among them came,
And of thir doings great dislike declar'd,
And testifi'd against thir wayes; hee oft
Frequented thir Assemblies, whereso met,
Triumphs or Festivals, and to them preachd
Conversion and Repentance, as to Souls
In prison under Judgements imminent:
But all in vain: which when he saw, he ceas'd
Contending, and remov'd his Tents farr off;
Then from the Mountain hewing Timber tall,
Began to build a Vessel of huge bulk,
Measur'd by Cubit, length, & breadth, and highth,
Smeard round with Pitch, and in the side a dore
Contriv'd, and of provisions laid in large
For Man and Beast: when loe a wonder strange!
Of everie Beast, and Bird, and Insect small
Came seavens, and pairs, and enterd in, as taught
Thir order; last the Sire, and his three Sons
With thir four Wives, and God made fast the dore.
Meanwhile the Southwind rose, & with black wings
Wide hovering, all the Clouds together drove
From under Heav'n; the Hills to their supplie
Vapour, and Exhalation dusk and moist,
Sent up amain; and now the thick'nd Skie
Like a dark Ceeling stood; down rush'd the Rain
Impetuous, and continu'd till the Earth
No more was seen; the floating Vessel swum
Uplifted; and secure with beaked prow
Rode tilting o're the Waves, all dwellings else
Flood overwhelmd, and them with all thir pomp
Deep under water rould; Sea cover'd Sea,
Sea without shoar; and in thir Palaces
Where luxurie late reign'd, Sea-monsters whelp'd
And stabl'd; of Mankind, so numerous late,
All left, in one small bottom swum imbark't.
How didst thou grieve then, ADAM, to behold
The end of all thy Ofspring, end so sad,
Depopulation; thee another Floud,
Of tears and sorrow a Floud thee also drown'd,
And sunk thee as thy Sons; till gently reard
By th' Angel, on thy feet thou stoodst at last,
Though comfortless, as when a Father mourns
His Childern, all in view destroyd at once;
And scarce to th' Angel utterdst thus thy plaint.
O Visions ill foreseen! better had I
Liv'd ignorant of future, so had borne
My part of evil onely, each dayes lot
Anough to bear; those now, that were dispenst
The burd'n of many Ages, on me light
At once, by my foreknowledge gaining Birth
Abortive, to torment me ere thir being,
With thought that they must be. Let no man seek
Henceforth to be foretold what shall befall
Him or his Childern, evil he may be sure,
Which neither his foreknowing can prevent,
And hee the future evil shall no less
In apprehension then in substance feel
Grievous to bear: but that care now is past,
Man is not whom to warne: those few escap't
Famin and anguish will at last consume
Wandring that watrie Desert: I had hope
When violence was ceas't, and Warr on Earth,
All would have then gon well, peace would have crownd
With length of happy days the race of man;
But I was farr deceav'd; for now I see
Peace to corrupt no less then Warr to waste.
How comes it thus? unfould, Celestial Guide,
And whether here the Race of man will end.
To whom thus MICHAEL. Those whom last thou sawst
In triumph and luxurious wealth, are they
First seen in acts of prowess eminent
And great exploits, but of true vertu void;
Who having spilt much blood, and don much waste
Subduing Nations, and achievd thereby
Fame in the World, high titles, and rich prey,
Shall change thir course to pleasure, ease, and sloth,
Surfet, and lust, till wantonness and pride
Raise out of friendship hostil deeds in Peace.
The conquerd also, and enslav'd by Warr
Shall with thir freedom lost all vertu loose
And feare of God, from whom thir pietie feign'd
In sharp contest of Battel found no aide
Against invaders; therefore coold in zeale
Thenceforth shall practice how to live secure,
Worldlie or dissolute, on what thir Lords
Shall leave them to enjoy; for th' Earth shall bear
More then anough, that temperance may be tri'd:
So all shall turn degenerate, all deprav'd,
Justice and Temperance, Truth and Faith forgot;
One Man except, the onely Son of light
In a dark Age, against example good,
Against allurement, custom, and a World
Offended; fearless of reproach and scorn,
Or violence, hee of thir wicked wayes
Shall them admonish, and before them set
The paths of righteousness, how much more safe,
And full of peace, denouncing wrauth to come
On thir impenitence; and shall returne
Of them derided, but of God observd
The one just Man alive; by his command
Shall build a wondrous Ark, as thou beheldst,
To save himself and houshold from amidst
A World devote to universal rack.
No sooner hee with them of Man and Beast
Select for life shall in the Ark be lodg'd,
And shelterd round, but all the Cataracts
Of Heav'n set open on the Earth shall powre
Raine day and night, all fountaines of the Deep
Broke up, shall heave the Ocean to usurp
Beyond all bounds, till inundation rise
Above the highest Hills: then shall this Mount
Of Paradise by might of Waves be moovd
Out of his place, pushd by the horned floud,
With all his verdure spoil'd, and Trees adrift
Down the great River to the op'ning Gulf,
And there take root an Iland salt and bare,
The haunt of Seales and Orcs, and Sea-mews clang.
To teach thee that God attributes to place
No sanctitie, if none be thither brought
By Men who there frequent, or therein dwell.
And now what further shall ensue, behold.
He lookd, and saw the Ark hull on the floud,
Which now abated, for the Clouds were fled,
Drivn by a keen North-winde, that blowing drie
Wrinkl'd the face of Deluge, as decai'd;
And the cleer Sun on his wide watrie Glass
Gaz'd hot, and of the fresh Wave largely drew,
As after thirst, which made thir flowing shrink
From standing lake to tripping ebbe, that stole
With soft foot towards the deep, who now had stopt
His Sluces, as the Heav'n his windows shut.
The Ark no more now flotes, but seems on ground
Fast on the top of som high mountain fixt.
And now the tops of Hills as Rocks appeer;
With clamor thence the rapid Currents drive
Towards the retreating Sea thir furious tyde.
Forthwith from out the Arke a Raven flies,
And after him, the surer messenger,
A Dove sent forth once and agen to spie
Green Tree or ground whereon his foot may light;
The second time returning, in his Bill
An Olive leafe he brings, pacific signe:
Anon drie ground appeers, and from his Arke
The ancient Sire descends with all his Train;
Then with uplifted hands, and eyes devout,
Grateful to Heav'n, over his head beholds
A dewie Cloud, and in the Cloud a Bow
Conspicuous with three lifted colours gay,
Betok'ning peace from God, and Cov'nant new.
Whereat the heart of ADAM erst so sad
Greatly rejoyc'd, and thus his joy broke forth.
O thou that future things canst represent
As present, Heav'nly instructer, I revive
At this last sight, assur'd that Man shall live
With all the Creatures, and thir seed preserve.
Farr less I now lament for one whole World
Of wicked Sons destroyd, then I rejoyce
For one Man found so perfet and so just,
That God voutsafes to raise another World
From him, and all his anger to forget.
But say, what mean those colourd streaks in Heavn,
Distended as the Brow of God appeas'd,
Or serve they as a flourie verge to binde
The fluid skirts of that same watrie Cloud,
Least it again dissolve and showr the Earth?
To whom th' Archangel. Dextrously thou aim'st;
So willingly doth God remit his Ire,
Though late repenting him of Man deprav'd,
Griev'd at his heart, when looking down he saw
The whole Earth fill'd with violence, and all flesh
Corrupting each thir way; yet those remoov'd,
Such grace shall one just Man find in his sight,
That he relents, not to blot out mankind,
And makes a Covenant never to destroy
The Earth again by flood, nor let the Sea
Surpass his bounds, nor Rain to drown the World
With Man therein or Beast; but when he brings
Over the Earth a Cloud, will therein set
His triple-colour'd Bow, whereon to look
And call to mind his Cov'nant: Day and Night,
Seed time and Harvest, Heat and hoary Frost
Shall hold thir course, till fire purge all things new,
Both Heav'n and Earth, wherein the just shall dwell.
Thus thou hast seen one World begin and end;
And Man as from a second stock proceed.
Much thou hast yet to see, but I perceave
Thy mortal sight to faile; objects divine
Must needs impaire and wearie human sense:
Henceforth what is to com I will relate,
Thou therefore give due audience, and attend.
This second sours of Men, while yet but few,
And while the dread of judgement past remains
Fresh in thir mindes, fearing the Deitie,
With some regard to what is just and right
Shall lead thir lives, and multiplie apace,
Labouring the soile, and reaping plenteous crop,
Corn wine and oyle; and from the herd or flock,
Oft sacrificing Bullock, Lamb, or Kid,
With large Wine-offerings pour'd, and sacred Feast
Shal spend thir dayes in joy unblam'd, and dwell
Long time in peace by Families and Tribes
Under paternal rule; till one shall rise
Of proud ambitious heart, who not content
With fair equalitie, fraternal state,
Will arrogate Dominion undeserv'd
Over his brethren, and quite dispossess
Concord and law of Nature from the Earth;
Hunting (and Men not Beasts shall be his game)
With Warr and hostile snare such as refuse
Subjection to his Empire tyrannous:
A mightie Hunter thence he shall be styl'd
Before the Lord, as in despite of Heav'n,
Or from Heav'n claming second Sovrantie;
And from Rebellion shall derive his name,
Though of Rebellion others he accuse.
Hee with a crew, whom like Ambition joyns
With him or under him to tyrannize,
Marching from EDEN towards the West, shall finde
The Plain, wherein a black bituminous gurge
Boiles out from under ground, the mouth of Hell;
Of Brick, and of that stuff they cast to build
A Citie & Towre, whose top may reach to Heav'n;
And get themselves a name, least far disperst
In foraign Lands thir memorie be lost,
Regardless whether good or evil fame.
But God who oft descends to visit men
Unseen, and through thir habitations walks
To mark thir doings, them beholding soon,
Comes down to see thir Citie, ere the Tower
Obstruct Heav'n Towrs, and in derision sets
Upon thir Tongues a various Spirit to rase
Quite out thir Native Language, and instead
To sow a jangling noise of words unknown:
Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud
Among the Builders; each to other calls
Not understood, till hoarse, and all in rage,
As mockt they storm; great laughter was in Heav'n
And looking down, to see the hubbub strange
And hear the din; thus was the building left
Ridiculous, and the work Confusion nam'd.
Whereto thus ADAM fatherly displeas'd.
O execrable Son so to aspire
Above his Brethren, to himself affirming
Authoritie usurpt, from God not giv'n:
He gave us onely over Beast, Fish, Fowl
Dominion absolute; that right we hold
By his donation; but Man over men
He made not Lord; such title to himself
Reserving, human left from human free.
But this Usurper his encroachment proud
Stayes not on Man; to God his Tower intends
Siege and defiance: Wretched man! what food
Will he convey up thither to sustain
Himself and his rash Armie, where thin Aire
Above the Clouds will pine his entrails gross,
And famish him of Breath, if not of Bread?
To whom thus MICHAEL. Justly thou abhorr'st
That Son, who on the quiet state of men
Such trouble brought, affecting to subdue
Rational Libertie; yet know withall,
Since thy original lapse, true Libertie
Is lost, which alwayes with right Reason dwells
Twinn'd, and from her hath no dividual being:
Reason in man obscur'd, or not obeyd,
Immediately inordinate desires
And upstart Passions catch the Government
From Reason, and to servitude reduce
Man till then free. Therefore since hee permits
Within himself unworthie Powers to reign
Over free Reason, God in Judgement just
Subjects him from without to violent Lords;
Who oft as undeservedly enthrall
His outward freedom: Tyrannie must be,
Though to the Tyrant thereby no excuse.
Yet somtimes Nations will decline so low
From vertue, which is reason, that no wrong,
But Justice, and some fatal curse annext
Deprives them of thir outward libertie,
Thir inward lost: Witness th' irreverent Son
Of him who built the Ark, who for the shame
Don to his Father, heard this heavie curse,
SERVANT OF SERVANTS, on his vitious Race.
Thus will this latter, as the former World,
Still tend from bad to worse, till God at last
Wearied with their iniquities, withdraw
His presence from among them, and avert
His holy Eyes; resolving from thenceforth
To leave them to thir own polluted wayes;
And one peculiar Nation to select
From all the rest, of whom to be invok'd,
A Nation from one faithful man to spring:
Him on this side EUPHRATES yet residing,
Bred up in Idol-worship; O that men
(Canst thou believe?) should be so stupid grown,
While yet the Patriark liv'd, who scap'd the Flood,
As to forsake the living God, and fall
To-worship thir own work in Wood and Stone
For Gods! yet him God the most High voutsafes
To call by Vision from his Fathers house,
His kindred and false Gods, into a Land
Which he will shew him, and from him will raise
A mightie Nation, and upon him showre
His benediction so, that in his Seed
All Nations shall be blest; hee straight obeys,
Not knowing to what Land, yet firm believes:
I see him, but thou canst not, with what Faith
He leaves his Gods, his Friends, and native Soile
UR of CHALDAEA, passing now the Ford
To HARAN, after him a cumbrous Train
Of Herds and Flocks, and numerous servitude;
Not wandring poor, but trusting all his wealth
With God, who call'd him, in a land unknown.
CANAAN he now attains, I see his Tents
Pitcht about SECHEM, and the neighbouring Plaine
Of MOREB; there by promise he receaves
Gift to his Progenie of all that Land;
From HAMATH Northward to the Desert South
(Things by thir names I call, though yet unnam'd)
From HERMON East to the great Western Sea,
Mount HERMON, yonder Sea, each place behold
In prospect, as I point them; on the shoare
Mount CARMEL; here the double-founted stream
JORDAN, true limit Eastward; but his Sons
Shall dwell to SENIR, that long ridge of Hills.
This ponder, that all Nations of the Earth
Shall in his Seed be blessed; by that Seed
Is meant thy great deliverer, who shall bruise
The Serpents head; whereof to thee anon
Plainlier shall be reveald. This Patriarch blest,
Whom FAITHFUL ABRAHAM due time shall call,
A Son, and of his Son a Grand-childe leaves,
Like him in faith, in wisdom, and renown;
The Grandchilde with twelve Sons increast, departs
From CANAAN, to a Land hereafter call'd
EGYPT, divided by the River NILE;
See where it flows, disgorging at seaven mouthes
Into the Sea: to sojourn in that Land
He comes invited by a yonger Son
In time of dearth, a Son whose worthy deeds
Raise him to be the second in that Realme
Of PHARAO: there he dies, and leaves his Race
Growing into a Nation, and now grown
Suspected to a sequent King, who seeks
To stop thir overgrowth, as inmate guests
Too numerous; whence of guests he makes them slaves
Inhospitably, and kills thir infant Males:
Till by two brethren (those two brethren call
MOSES and AARON) sent from God to claime
His people from enthralment, they return
With glory and spoile back to thir promis'd Land.
But first the lawless Tyrant, who denies
To know thir God, or message to regard,
Must be compelld by Signes and Judgements dire;
To blood unshed the Rivers must be turnd,
Frogs, Lice and Flies must all his Palace fill
With loath'd intrusion, and fill all the land;
His Cattel must of Rot and Murren die,
Botches and blaines must all his flesh imboss,
And all his people; Thunder mixt with Haile,
Haile mixt with fire must rend th' EGYPTIAN Skie
And wheel on th' Earth, devouring where it rouls;
What it devours not, Herb, or Fruit, or Graine,
A darksom Cloud of Locusts swarming down
Must eat, and on the ground leave nothing green:
Darkness must overshadow all his bounds,
Palpable darkness, and blot out three dayes;
Last with one midnight stroke all the first-born
Of EGYPT must lie dead. Thus with ten wounds
This River-dragon tam'd at length submits
To let his sojourners depart, and oft
Humbles his stubborn heart, but still as Ice
More hard'nd after thaw, till in his rage
Pursuing whom he late dismissd, the Sea
Swallows him with his Host, but them lets pass
As on drie land between two christal walls,
Aw'd by the rod of MOSES so to stand
Divided, till his rescu'd gain thir shoar:
Such wondrous power God to his Saint will lend,
Though present in his Angel, who shall goe
Before them in a Cloud, and Pillar of Fire,
To guide them in thir journey, and remove
Behinde them, while th' obdurat King pursues:
All night he will pursue, but his approach
Darkness defends between till morning Watch;
Then through the Firey Pillar and the Cloud
God looking forth will trouble all his Host
And craze thir Chariot wheels: when by command
MOSES once more his potent Rod extends
Over the Sea; the Sea his Rod obeys;
On thir imbattelld ranks the Waves return,
And overwhelm thir Warr: the Race elect
Safe towards CANAAN from the shoar advance
Through the wilde Desert, not the readiest way,
Least entring on the CANAANITE allarmd
Warr terrifie them inexpert, and feare
Return them back to EGYPT, choosing rather
Inglorious life with servitude; for life
To noble and ignoble is more sweet
Untraind in Armes, where rashness leads not on.
This also shall they gain by thir delay
In the wide Wilderness, there they shall found
Thir government, and thir great Senate choose
Through the twelve Tribes, to rule by Laws ordaind:
God from the Mount of SINAI, whose gray top
Shall tremble, he descending, will himself
In Thunder Lightning and loud Trumpets sound
Ordaine them Lawes; part such as appertaine
To civil Justice, part religious Rites
Of sacrifice, informing them, by types
And shadowes, of that destind Seed to bruise
The Serpent, by what meanes he shall achieve
Mankinds deliverance. But the voice of God
To mortal eare is dreadful; they beseech
That MOSES might report to them his will,
And terror cease; he grants them thir desire,
Instructed that to God is no access
Without Mediator, whose high Office now
MOSES in figure beares, to introduce
One greater, of whose day he shall foretell,
And all the Prophets in thir Age the times
Of great MESSIAH shall sing. Thus Laws and Rites
Establisht, such delight hath God in Men
Obedient to his will, that he voutsafes
Among them to set up his Tabernacle,
The holy One with mortal Men to dwell:
By his prescript a Sanctuary is fram'd
Of Cedar, overlaid with Gold, therein
An Ark, and in the Ark his Testimony,
The Records of his Cov'nant, over these
A Mercie-seat of Gold between the wings
Of two bright Cherubim, before him burn
Seaven Lamps as in a Zodiac representing
The Heav'nly fires; over the Tent a Cloud
Shall rest by Day, a fierie gleame by Night,
Save when they journie, and at length they come,
Conducted by his Angel to the Land
Promisd to ABRAHAM and his Seed: the rest
Were long to tell, how many Battels fought,
How many Kings destroyd, and Kingdoms won,
Or how the Sun shall in mid Heav'n stand still
A day entire, and Nights due course adjourne,
Mans voice commanding, Sun in GIBEON stand,
And thou Moon in the vale of AIALON,
Till ISRAEL overcome; so call the third
From ABRAHAM, Son of ISAAC, and from him
His whole descent, who thus shall CANAAN win.
Here ADAM interpos'd. O sent from Heav'n,
Enlightner of my darkness, gracious things
Thou hast reveald, those chiefly which concerne
Just ABRAHAM and his Seed: now first I finde
Mine eyes true op'ning, and my heart much eas'd,
Erwhile perplext with thoughts what would becom
Of mee and all Mankind; but now I see
His day, in whom all Nations shall be blest,
Favour unmerited by me, who sought
Forbidd'n knowledge by forbidd'n means.
This yet I apprehend not, why to those
Among whom God will deigne to dwell on Earth
So many and so various Laws are giv'n;
So many Laws argue so many sins
Among them; how can God with such reside?
To whom thus MICHAEL. Doubt not but that sin
Will reign among them, as of thee begot;
And therefore was Law given them to evince
Thir natural pravitie, by stirring up
Sin against Law to fight; that when they see
Law can discover sin, but not remove,
Save by those shadowie expiations weak,
The bloud of Bulls and Goats, they may conclude
Some bloud more precious must be paid for Man,
Just for unjust, that in such righteousness
To them by Faith imputed, they may finde
Justification towards God, and peace
Of Conscience, which the Law by Ceremonies
Cannot appease, nor Man the moral part
Perform, and not performing cannot live.
So Law appears imperfet, and but giv'n
With purpose to resign them in full time
Up to a better Cov'nant, disciplin'd
From shadowie Types to Truth, from Flesh to Spirit,
From imposition of strict Laws, to free
Acceptance of large Grace, from servil fear
To filial, works of Law to works of Faith.
And therefore shall not MOSES, though of God
Highly belov'd, being but the Minister
Of Law, his people into CANAAN lead;
But JOSHUA whom the Gentiles JESUS call,
His Name and Office bearing, who shall quell
The adversarie Serpent, and bring back
Through the worlds wilderness long wanderd man
Safe to eternal Paradise of rest.
Meanwhile they in thir earthly CANAAN plac't
Long time shall dwell and prosper, but when sins
National interrupt thir public peace,
Provoking God to raise them enemies:
From whom as oft he saves them penitent
By Judges first, then under Kings; of whom
The second, both for pietie renownd
And puissant deeds, a promise shall receive
Irrevocable, that his Regal Throne
For ever shall endure; the like shall sing
All Prophecie, That of the Royal Stock
Of DAVID (so I name this King) shall rise
A Son, the Womans Seed to thee foretold,
Foretold to ABRAHAM, as in whom shall trust
All Nations, and to Kings foretold, of Kings
The last, for of his Reign shall be no end.
But first a long succession must ensue,
And his next Son for Wealth and Wisdom fam'd,
The clouded Ark of God till then in Tents
Wandring, shall in a glorious Temple enshrine.
Such follow him, as shall be registerd
Part good, part bad, of bad the longer scrowle,
Whose foul Idolatries, and other faults
Heapt to the popular summe, will so incense
God, as to leave them, and expose thir Land,
Thir Citie, his Temple, and his holy Ark
With all his sacred things, a scorn and prey
To that proud Citie, whose high Walls thou saw'st
Left in confusion, BABYLON thence call'd.
There in captivitie he lets them dwell
The space of seventie years, then brings them back,
Remembring mercie, and his Cov'nant sworn
To DAVID, stablisht as the dayes of Heav'n.
Returnd from BABYLON by leave of Kings
Thir Lords, whom God dispos'd, the house of God
They first re-edifie, and for a while
In mean estate live moderate, till grown
In wealth and multitude, factious they grow;
But first among the Priests dissension springs,
Men who attend the Altar, and should most
Endeavour Peace: thir strife pollution brings
Upon the Temple it self: at last they seise
The Scepter, and regard not DAVIDS Sons,
Then loose it to a stranger, that the true
Anointed King MESSIAH might be born
Barr'd of his right; yet at his Birth a Starr
Unseen before in Heav'n proclaims him com,
And guides the Eastern Sages, who enquire
His place, to offer Incense, Myrrh, and Gold;
His place of birth a solemn Angel tells
To simple Shepherds, keeping watch by night;
They gladly thither haste, and by a Quire
Of squadrond Angels hear his Carol sung.
A Virgin is his Mother, but his Sire
The Power of the most High; he shall ascend
The Throne hereditarie, and bound his Reign
With earths wide bounds, his glory with the Heav'ns.
He ceas'd, discerning ADAM with such joy
Surcharg'd, as had like grief bin dew'd in tears,
Without the vent of words, which these he breathd.
O Prophet of glad tidings, finisher
Of utmost hope! now clear I understand
What oft my steddiest thoughts have searcht in vain,
Why our great expectation should be call'd
The seed of Woman: Virgin Mother, Haile,
High in the love of Heav'n, yet from my Loynes
Thou shalt proceed, and from thy Womb the Son
Of God most High; So God with man unites.
Needs must the Serpent now his capital bruise
Expect with mortal paine: say where and when
Thir fight, what stroke shall bruise the Victors heel.
To whom thus MICHAEL. Dream not of thir fight,
As of a Duel, or the local wounds
Of head or heel: not therefore joynes the Son
Manhood to God-head, with more strength to foil
Thy enemie; nor so is overcome
SATAN, whose fall from Heav'n, a deadlier bruise,
Disabl'd not to give thee thy deaths wound:
Which hee, who comes thy Saviour, shall recure,
Not by destroying SATAN, but his works
In thee and in thy Seed: nor can this be,
But by fulfilling that which thou didst want,
Obedience to the Law of God, impos'd
On penaltie of death, and suffering death,
The penaltie to thy transgression due,
And due to theirs which out of thine will grow:
So onely can high Justice rest appaid.
The Law of God exact he shall fulfill
Both by obedience and by love, though love
Alone fulfill the Law; thy punishment
He shall endure by coming in the Flesh
To a reproachful life and cursed death,
Proclaiming Life to all who shall believe
In his redemption, and that his obedience
Imputed becomes theirs by Faith, his merits
To save them, not thir own, though legal works.
For this he shall live hated, be blasphem'd,
Seis'd on by force, judg'd, and to death condemnd
A shameful and accurst, naild to the Cross
By his own Nation, slaine for bringing Life;
But to the Cross he nailes thy Enemies,
The Law that is against thee, and the sins
Of all mankinde, with him there crucifi'd,
Never to hurt them more who rightly trust
In this his satisfaction; so he dies,
But soon revives, Death over him no power
Shall long usurp; ere the third dawning light
Returne, the Starres of Morn shall see him rise
Out of his grave, fresh as the dawning light,
Thy ransom paid, which Man from death redeems,
His death for Man, as many as offerd Life
Neglect not, and the benefit imbrace
By Faith not void of works: this God-like act
Annuls thy doom, the death thou shouldst have dy'd,
In sin for ever lost from life; this act
Shall bruise the head of SATAN, crush his strength
Defeating Sin and Death, his two maine armes,
And fix farr deeper in his head thir stings
Then temporal death shall bruise the Victors heel,
Or theirs whom he redeems, a death like sleep,
A gentle wafting to immortal Life.
Nor after resurrection shall he stay
Longer on Earth then certaine times to appeer
To his Disciples, Men who in his Life
Still follow'd him; to them shall leave in charge
To teach all nations what of him they learn'd
And his Salvation, them who shall beleeve
Baptizing in the profluent streame, the signe
Of washing them from guilt of sin to Life
Pure, and in mind prepar'd, if so befall,
For death, like that which the redeemer dy'd.
All Nations they shall teach; for from that day
Not onely to the Sons of ABRAHAMS Loines
Salvation shall be Preacht, but to the Sons
Of ABRAHAMS Faith wherever through the world;
So in his seed all Nations shall be blest.
Then to the Heav'n of Heav'ns he shall ascend
With victory, triumphing through the aire
Over his foes and thine; there shall surprise
The Serpent, Prince of aire, and drag in Chaines
Through all his realme, & there confounded leave;
Then enter into glory, and resume
His Seat at Gods right hand, exalted high
Above all names in Heav'n; and thence shall come,
When this worlds dissolution shall be ripe,
With glory and power to judge both quick & dead,
To judge th' unfaithful dead, but to reward
His faithful, and receave them into bliss,
Whether in Heav'n or Earth, for then the Earth
Shall all be Paradise, far happier place
Then this of EDEN, and far happier daies.
So spake th' Archangel MICHAEL, then paus'd,
As at the Worlds great period; and our Sire
Replete with joy and wonder thus repli'd.
O goodness infinite, goodness immense!
That all this good of evil shall produce,
And evil turn to good; more wonderful
Then that which by creation first brought forth
Light out of darkness! full of doubt I stand,
Whether I should repent me now of sin
By mee done and occasiond, or rejoyce
Much more, that much more good thereof shall spring,
To God more glory, more good will to Men
From God, and over wrauth grace shall abound.
But say, if our deliverer up to Heav'n
Must reascend, what will betide the few
His faithful, left among th' unfaithful herd,
The enemies of truth; who then shall guide
His people, who defend? will they not deale
Wors with his followers then with him they dealt?
Be sure they will, said th' Angel; but from Heav'n
Hee to his own a Comforter will send,
The promise of the Father, who shall dwell
His Spirit within them, and the Law of Faith
Working through love, upon thir hearts shall write,
To guide them in all truth, and also arme
With spiritual Armour, able to resist
SATANS assaults, and quench his fierie darts
What Man can do against them, not affraid,
Though to the death, against such cruelties
With inward consolations recompenc't,
And oft supported so as shall amaze
Thir proudest persecuters: for the Spirit
Powrd first on his Apostles, whom he sends
To evangelize the Nations, then on all
Baptiz'd, shall them with wondrous gifts endue
To speak all Tongues, and do all Miracles,
As did thir Lord before them. Thus they win
Great numbers of each Nation to receave
With joy the tidings brought from Heav'n: at length
Thir Ministry perform'd, and race well run,
Thir doctrine and thir story written left,
They die; but in thir room, as they forewarne,
Wolves shall succeed for teachers, grievous Wolves,
Who all the sacred mysteries of Heav'n
To thir own vile advantages shall turne
Of lucre and ambition, and the truth
With superstitions and traditions taint,
Left onely in those written Records pure,
Though not but by the Spirit understood.
Then shall they seek to avail themselves of names,
Places and titles, and with these to joine
Secular power, though feigning still to act
By spiritual, to themselves appropriating
The Spirit of God, promisd alike and giv'n
To all Beleevers; and from that pretense,
Spiritual Lawes by carnal power shall force
On every conscience; Laws which none shall finde
Left them inrould, or what the Spirit within
Shall on the heart engrave. What will they then
But force the Spirit of Grace it self, and binde
His consort Libertie; what, but unbuild
His living Temples, built by Faith to stand,
Thir own Faith not anothers: for on Earth
Who against Faith and Conscience can be heard
Infallible? yet many will presume:
Whence heavie persecution shall arise
On all who in the worship persevere
Of Spirit and Truth; the rest, farr greater part,
Will deem in outward Rites and specious formes
Religion satisfi'd; Truth shall retire
Bestuck with slandrous darts, and works of Faith
Rarely be found: so shall the World goe on,
To good malignant, to bad men benigne,
Under her own waight groaning, till the day
Appeer of respiration to the just,
And vengeance to the wicked, at return
Of him so lately promis'd to thy aid,
The Womans seed, obscurely then foretold,
Now amplier known thy Saviour and thy Lord,
Last in the Clouds from Heav'n to be reveald
In glory of the Father, to dissolve
SATAN with his perverted World, then raise
From the conflagrant mass, purg'd and refin'd,
New Heav'ns, new Earth, Ages of endless date
Founded in righteousness and peace and love,
To bring forth fruits Joy and eternal Bliss.
He ended; and thus ADAM last reply'd.
How soon hath thy prediction, Seer blest,
Measur'd this transient World, the Race of time,
Till time stand fixt: beyond is all abyss,
Eternitie, whose end no eye can reach.
Greatly instructed I shall hence depart,
Greatly in peace of thought, and have my fill
Of knowledge, what this vessel can containe;
Beyond which was my folly to aspire.
Henceforth I learne, that to obey is best,
And love with feare the onely God, to walk
As in his presence, ever to observe
His providence, and on him sole depend,
Merciful over all his works, with good
Still overcoming evil, and by small
Accomplishing great things, by things deemd weak
Subverting worldly strong, and worldly wise
By simply meek; that suffering for Truths sake
Is fortitude to highest victorie,
And to the faithful Death the Gate of Life;
Taught this by his example whom I now
Acknowledge my Redeemer ever blest.
To whom thus also th' Angel last repli'd:
This having learnt, thou hast attaind the summe
Of wisdom; hope no higher, though all the Starrs
Thou knewst by name, and all th' ethereal Powers,
All secrets of the deep, all Natures works,
Or works of God in Heav'n, Air, Earth, or Sea,
And all the riches of this World enjoydst,
And all the rule, one Empire; onely add
Deeds to thy knowledge answerable, add Faith,
Add Vertue, Patience, Temperance, add Love,
By name to come call'd Charitie, the soul
Of all the rest: then wilt thou not be loath
To leave this Paradise, but shalt possess
A Paradise within thee, happier farr.
Let us descend now therefore from this top
Of Speculation; for the hour precise
Exacts our parting hence; and see the Guards,
By mee encampt on yonder Hill, expect
Thir motion, at whose Front a flaming Sword,
In signal of remove, waves fiercely round;
We may no longer stay: go, waken Eve;
Her also I with gentle Dreams have calm'd
Portending good, and all her spirits compos'd
To meek submission: thou at season fit
Let her with thee partake what thou hast heard,
Chiefly what may concern her Faith to know,
The great deliverance by her Seed to come
(For by the Womans Seed) on all Mankind.
That ye may live, which will be many dayes,
Both in one Faith unanimous though sad,
With cause for evils past, yet much more cheer'd
With meditation on the happie end.
He ended, and they both descend the Hill;
Descended, ADAM to the Bowre where EVE
Lay sleeping ran before, but found her wak't;
And thus with words not sad she him receav'd.
Whence thou returnst, & whither wentst, I know;
For God is also in sleep, and Dreams advise,
Which he hath sent propitious, some great good
Presaging, since with sorrow and hearts distress
VVearied I fell asleep: but now lead on;
In mee is no delay; with thee to goe,
Is to stay here; without thee here to stay,
Is to go hence unwilling; thou to mee
Art all things under Heav'n, all places thou,
VVho for my wilful crime art banisht hence.
This further consolation yet secure
I carry hence; though all by mee is lost,
Such favour I unworthie am voutsaft,
By mee the Promis'd Seed shall all restore.
So spake our Mother EVE, and ADAM heard
VVell pleas'd, but answer'd not; for now too nigh
Th' Archangel stood, and from the other Hill
To thir fixt Station, all in bright array
The Cherubim descended; on the ground
Gliding meteorous, as Ev'ning Mist
Ris'n from a River o're the marish glides,
And gathers ground fast at the Labourers heel
Homeward returning. High in Front advanc't,
The brandisht Sword of God before them blaz'd
Fierce as a Comet; which with torrid heat,
And vapour as the LIBYAN Air adust,
Began to parch that temperate Clime; whereat
In either hand the hastning Angel caught
Our lingring Parents, and to th' Eastern Gate
Let them direct, and down the Cliff as fast
To the subjected Plaine; then disappeer'd.
They looking back, all th' Eastern side beheld
Of Paradise, so late thir happie seat,
Wav'd over by that flaming Brand, the Gate
With dreadful Faces throng'd and fierie Armes:
Som natural tears they drop'd, but wip'd them soon;
The World was all before them, where to choose
Thir place of rest, and Providence thir guide:
They hand in hand with wandring steps and slow,
Through EDEN took thir solitarie way.
THE END.
xappy-0.5/testsuite/ 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000000000 11005556727 014372 5 ustar richard richard xappy-0.5/testsuite/unittests/ 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000000000 11005556727 016434 5 ustar richard richard xappy-0.5/testsuite/unittests/facet_hierarchy_1.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000011155 10770031412 022334 0 ustar richard richard from unittest import TestCase, main
import tempfile, os, sys
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../..'))
from xappy.indexerconnection import *
from xappy.fieldactions import *
from xappy.searchconnection import *
# Facets used in documents and their parent facets (or None for top-level facets)
facets = {
'category': None,
'colour': None,
'type': 'category',
'make': 'category',
'species': 'category',
'strings': 'type',
}
# Documents
docvalues = [
{
'category': 'instrument',
'colour': 'blue',
'type': 'drums',
'make': 'Gretsch',
},
{
'category': 'instrument',
'colour': 'red',
'type': 'drums',
'make': 'Stagg',
'offer': '2 for 1',
},
{
'category': 'instrument',
'colour': 'black',
'type': 'accessories',
'make': 'Yamaha',
},
{
'category': 'instrument',
'colour': 'brown',
'type': 'bass guitar',
'make': 'Musicman',
'strings': '4',
},
{
'category': 'instrument',
'colour': 'green',
'type': 'bass guitar',
'make': 'Yamaha',
'strings': '5',
},
{
'category': 'animal',
'colour': 'black',
'species': 'Persian',
},
{
'category': 'animal',
'colour': 'grey',
'species': 'husky',
},
]
class TestFacetHierarchy(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
self.indexpath = os.path.join(tempdir, 'foo')
iconn = IndexerConnection(self.indexpath)
for name in facets:
iconn.add_field_action(name, FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT)
iconn.add_field_action(name, FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
iconn.add_field_action(name, FieldActions.FACET)
for name, parent in facets.iteritems():
if parent: iconn.add_subfacet(name, parent)
for values in docvalues:
doc = UnprocessedDocument()
for name, value in values.iteritems():
doc.fields.append(Field(name, value))
iconn.add(doc)
iconn.flush()
iconn.close()
self.sconn = SearchConnection(self.indexpath)
self.faceted_query = self.sconn.query_facet('category', 'instrument')
def _get_facets(self, query, usesubfacets=None, maxfacets=100, required_facets=None):
results = self.sconn.search(query, 0, 10, getfacets=True, usesubfacets=usesubfacets)
tuples = results.get_suggested_facets(maxfacets=maxfacets, required_facets=required_facets)
return set([tuple[0] for tuple in tuples])
def test_non_hierarchy(self):
# Test that all facets with > 1 value are suggested when the m-set is all documents
assert self._get_facets(self.sconn.query_all()) == set(['colour', 'category', 'species', 'type', 'make', 'strings'])
# Test that all facets on instruments are returned for the faceted query
assert self._get_facets(self.faceted_query) == set(['colour', 'type', 'make', 'strings'])
def test_hierarchy(self):
# Test that only top-level facets are suggested for a non-faceted query for all documents
assert self._get_facets(self.sconn.query_all(), usesubfacets=True) == set(['colour', 'category'])
# Test that only top-level facets and subfacets of category are suggested for the faceted query,
# but not 'category' for which there is only 1 value
assert self._get_facets(self.faceted_query, usesubfacets=True) == set(['make', 'type', 'colour'])
# Test that subfacets 'make' and 'type' are suggested first over the top-level facet 'colour'
assert self._get_facets(self.faceted_query, usesubfacets=True, maxfacets=2) == set(['make', 'type'])
# Test that if we explicitely ask for 'category' then we get it regardless
assert self._get_facets(self.faceted_query, usesubfacets=True, required_facets='category') == set(['make', 'type', 'colour', 'category'])
def tearDown(self):
self.sconn.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
xappy-0.5/testsuite/unittests/facet_query_type_1.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000010525 10772155125 022576 0 ustar richard richard from unittest import TestCase, main
import tempfile, os, sys
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../..'))
from xappy.indexerconnection import *
from xappy.fieldactions import *
from xappy.searchconnection import *
# Facets used in documents
facets = [
'category',
'colour',
'type',
'make',
'species',
'strings',
]
# Documents
docvalues = [
{
'category': 'instrument',
'colour': 'blue',
'type': 'drums',
'make': 'Gretsch',
},
{
'category': 'instrument',
'colour': 'red',
'type': 'drums',
'make': 'Stagg',
},
{
'category': 'instrument',
'colour': 'black',
'type': 'accessories',
'make': 'Yamaha',
},
{
'category': 'instrument',
'colour': 'brown',
'type': 'bass guitar',
'make': 'Musicman',
'strings': '4',
},
{
'category': 'instrument',
'colour': 'green',
'type': 'bass guitar',
'make': 'Yamaha',
'strings': '5',
},
]
class TestFacetHierarchy(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
indexpath = os.path.join(tempdir, 'foo')
self.iconn = IndexerConnection(indexpath)
for name in facets:
self.iconn.add_field_action(name, FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT)
self.iconn.add_field_action(name, FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
self.iconn.add_field_action(name, FieldActions.FACET)
for values in docvalues:
doc = UnprocessedDocument()
for name, value in values.iteritems():
doc.fields.append(Field(name, value))
self.iconn.add(doc)
self.iconn.set_facet_for_query_type('type1', 'colour', self.iconn.FacetQueryType_Preferred)
self.iconn.set_facet_for_query_type('type1', 'colour', self.iconn.FacetQueryType_Never)
self.iconn.set_facet_for_query_type('type2', 'colour', self.iconn.FacetQueryType_Preferred)
self.iconn.set_facet_for_query_type('type2', 'make', self.iconn.FacetQueryType_Preferred)
self.iconn.set_facet_for_query_type('type3', 'colour', self.iconn.FacetQueryType_Preferred)
self.iconn.set_facet_for_query_type('type3', 'colour', None)
self.iconn.flush()
self.sconn = SearchConnection(indexpath)
def _get_facets(self, query, maxfacets=100, query_type=None):
results = self.sconn.search(query, 0, 10, getfacets=True, query_type=query_type)
tuples = results.get_suggested_facets(maxfacets=maxfacets)
return set([tuple[0] for tuple in tuples])
def test_facet_query_types(self):
# Test facets have the right preference for query types
assert self.iconn.get_facets_for_query_type('type1', self.iconn.FacetQueryType_Never) == set(['colour'])
assert self.iconn.get_facets_for_query_type('type1', self.iconn.FacetQueryType_Preferred) == set()
assert self.iconn.get_facets_for_query_type('type2', self.iconn.FacetQueryType_Preferred) == set(['colour', 'make'])
assert self.iconn.get_facets_for_query_type('type3', self.iconn.FacetQueryType_Preferred) == None
assert self.iconn.get_facets_for_query_type('not_a_type', self.iconn.FacetQueryType_Preferred) == None
def test_facet_search(self):
query = self.sconn.query_facet('category', 'instrument')
# Test suggested facets are what we expect
assert self._get_facets(query) == set(['colour', 'type', 'make', 'strings']);
# Test 'colour' not suggested for query_type 'type1'
assert self._get_facets(query, query_type='type1') == set(['type', 'make', 'strings']);
# Test 'colour' and 'make' preferred for query_type 'type2'
assert self._get_facets(query, query_type='type2', maxfacets=2) == set(['colour', 'make']);
def tearDown(self):
self.iconn.close()
self.sconn.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
xappy-0.5/testsuite/unittests/freetext_1.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000012122 11001754033 021034 0 ustar richard richard from unittest import TestCase, main
import os, shutil, sys, tempfile
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../..'))
from xappy import *
class TestFreeText(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
self.indexpath = os.path.join(self.tempdir, 'foo')
iconn = IndexerConnection(self.indexpath)
iconn.add_field_action('a', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT)
iconn.add_field_action('b', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, search_by_default=False)
iconn.add_field_action('c', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, search_by_default=True)
iconn.add_field_action('d', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, allow_field_specific=False)
iconn.add_field_action('e', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, allow_field_specific=True)
iconn.add_field_action('f', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, search_by_default=False, allow_field_specific=False)
iconn.add_field_action('a', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
iconn.add_field_action('b', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
iconn.add_field_action('c', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
for i in xrange(32):
doc = UnprocessedDocument()
if i % 2:
doc.fields.append(Field('a', 'termA'))
if (i / 2) % 2:
doc.fields.append(Field('b', 'termB'))
if (i / 4) % 2:
doc.fields.append(Field('c', 'termC'))
if (i / 8) % 2:
doc.fields.append(Field('d', 'termD'))
if (i / 16) % 2:
doc.fields.append(Field('e', 'termE'))
if (i / 3) % 3 == 0:
doc.fields.append(Field('f', 'termF'))
iconn.add(doc)
iconn.flush()
iconn.close()
self.sconn = SearchConnection(self.indexpath)
def test_search_by_default1(self):
# Search by default (due to default handling)
q = self.sconn.query_parse('termA')
res = self.sconn.search(q, 0, 100)
self.assertEqual(set([int(item.id, 16) for item in res]), set([1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31]))
# Not searched by default
q = self.sconn.query_parse('termB')
res = self.sconn.search(q, 0, 100)
self.assertEqual(set([int(item.id, 16) for item in res]), set([]))
# Explicitly searched by default
q = self.sconn.query_parse('termC')
res = self.sconn.search(q, 0, 100)
self.assertEqual(set([int(item.id, 16) for item in res]), set([4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31]))
# Not searched by default
q = self.sconn.query_parse('termF')
res = self.sconn.search(q, 0, 100)
self.assertEqual(set([int(item.id, 16) for item in res]), set([]))
def test_search_by_default2(self):
# Search by default (due to default handling)
q = self.sconn.query_parse('termA', default_allow=('a', ))
res = self.sconn.search(q, 0, 100)
self.assertEqual(set([int(item.id, 16) for item in res]), set([1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31]))
# Not searched by default, but can be explicitly specified
q = self.sconn.query_parse('termB', default_allow=('b', ))
res = self.sconn.search(q, 0, 100)
self.assertEqual(set([int(item.id, 16) for item in res]), set([2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19, 22, 23, 26, 27, 30, 31]))
# Explicitly searched by default
q = self.sconn.query_parse('termC', default_allow=('c', ))
res = self.sconn.search(q, 0, 100)
self.assertEqual(set([int(item.id, 16) for item in res]), set([4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31]))
# Not searched by default, by can't be explicitly specified either
# because it's not indexed as allow_field_specific
q = self.sconn.query_parse('termF')
res = self.sconn.search(q, 0, 100)
self.assertEqual(set([int(item.id, 16) for item in res]), set([]))
def test_allow_field_specific1(self):
# Search by default (due to default handling)
q = self.sconn.query_parse('a:termA', allow=('a', ))
res = self.sconn.search(q, 0, 100)
self.assertEqual(set([int(item.id, 16) for item in res]), set([1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31]))
# Not indexed for field specific searching
q = self.sconn.query_parse('d:termD', allow=('d', ))
res = self.sconn.search(q, 0, 100)
self.assertEqual(set([int(item.id, 16) for item in res]), set([]))
# Explicitly indexed for field specific searching
q = self.sconn.query_parse('e:termE', allow=('e', ))
res = self.sconn.search(q, 0, 100)
self.assertEqual(set([int(item.id, 16) for item in res]), set([16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31]))
# Not indexed for field specific searching
q = self.sconn.query_parse('termF')
res = self.sconn.search(q, 0, 100)
self.assertEqual(set([int(item.id, 16) for item in res]), set([]))
def tearDown(self):
self.sconn.close()
#shutil.rmtree(self.tempdir)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
xappy-0.5/testsuite/unittests/spell_correct_1.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000002107 10711422250 022050 0 ustar richard richard from unittest import TestCase, main
import tempfile, os, sys
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../..'))
from xappy.indexerconnection import *
from xappy.fieldactions import *
from xappy.searchconnection import *
class TestSpellCorrect(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
self.indexpath = os.path.join(tempdir, 'foo')
iconn = IndexerConnection(self.indexpath)
iconn.add_field_action('name', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, spell=True,)
for i in xrange(5):
doc = UnprocessedDocument()
doc.fields.append(Field('name', 'bruno is a nice guy'))
iconn.add(doc)
iconn.flush()
iconn.close()
self.sconn = SearchConnection(self.indexpath)
def test_spell_correct(self):
query = 'brunore'
self.assertEqual('bruno', self.sconn.spell_correct(query))
query = 'brunore-brunore'
self.sconn.spell_correct(query)#will throw RuntimeError
def tearDown(self):
self.sconn.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
xappy-0.5/testsuite/coverage.py 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000123577 10677214601 016555 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/python
#
# Perforce Defect Tracking Integration Project
# ':
# Can't do anything useful with exec'd strings, so skip them.
continue
f = self.canonical_filename(filename)
if not self.cexecuted.has_key(f):
self.cexecuted[f] = {}
self.cexecuted[f][lineno] = 1
self.c = {}
# morf_filename(morf). Return the filename for a module or file.
def morf_filename(self, morf):
if isinstance(morf, types.ModuleType):
if not hasattr(morf, '__file__'):
raise CoverageException, "Module has no __file__ attribute."
f = morf.__file__
else:
f = morf
return self.canonical_filename(f)
# analyze_morf(morf). Analyze the module or filename passed as
# the argument. If the source code can't be found, raise an error.
# Otherwise, return a tuple of (1) the canonical filename of the
# source code for the module, (2) a list of lines of statements
# in the source code, (3) a list of lines of excluded statements,
# and (4), a map of line numbers to multi-line line number ranges, for
# statements that cross lines.
def analyze_morf(self, morf):
if self.analysis_cache.has_key(morf):
return self.analysis_cache[morf]
filename = self.morf_filename(morf)
ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[1]
if ext == '.pyc':
if not os.path.exists(filename[0:-1]):
raise CoverageException, ("No source for compiled code '%s'."
% filename)
filename = filename[0:-1]
elif ext != '.py':
raise CoverageException, "File '%s' not Python source." % filename
source = open(filename, 'r')
lines, excluded_lines, line_map = self.find_executable_statements(
source.read(), exclude=self.exclude_re
)
source.close()
result = filename, lines, excluded_lines, line_map
self.analysis_cache[morf] = result
return result
def first_line_of_tree(self, tree):
while True:
if len(tree) == 3 and type(tree[2]) == type(1):
return tree[2]
tree = tree[1]
def last_line_of_tree(self, tree):
while True:
if len(tree) == 3 and type(tree[2]) == type(1):
return tree[2]
tree = tree[-1]
def find_docstring_pass_pair(self, tree, spots):
for i in range(1, len(tree)):
if self.is_string_constant(tree[i]) and self.is_pass_stmt(tree[i+1]):
first_line = self.first_line_of_tree(tree[i])
last_line = self.last_line_of_tree(tree[i+1])
self.record_multiline(spots, first_line, last_line)
def is_string_constant(self, tree):
try:
return tree[0] == symbol.stmt and tree[1][1][1][0] == symbol.expr_stmt
except:
return False
def is_pass_stmt(self, tree):
try:
return tree[0] == symbol.stmt and tree[1][1][1][0] == symbol.pass_stmt
except:
return False
def record_multiline(self, spots, i, j):
for l in range(i, j+1):
spots[l] = (i, j)
def get_suite_spots(self, tree, spots):
""" Analyze a parse tree to find suite introducers which span a number
of lines.
"""
for i in range(1, len(tree)):
if type(tree[i]) == type(()):
if tree[i][0] == symbol.suite:
# Found a suite, look back for the colon and keyword.
lineno_colon = lineno_word = None
for j in range(i-1, 0, -1):
if tree[j][0] == token.COLON:
# Colons are never executed themselves: we want the
# line number of the last token before the colon.
lineno_colon = self.last_line_of_tree(tree[j-1])
elif tree[j][0] == token.NAME:
if tree[j][1] == 'elif':
# Find the line number of the first non-terminal
# after the keyword.
t = tree[j+1]
while t and token.ISNONTERMINAL(t[0]):
t = t[1]
if t:
lineno_word = t[2]
else:
lineno_word = tree[j][2]
break
elif tree[j][0] == symbol.except_clause:
# "except" clauses look like:
# ('except_clause', ('NAME', 'except', lineno), ...)
if tree[j][1][0] == token.NAME:
lineno_word = tree[j][1][2]
break
if lineno_colon and lineno_word:
# Found colon and keyword, mark all the lines
# between the two with the two line numbers.
self.record_multiline(spots, lineno_word, lineno_colon)
# "pass" statements are tricky: different versions of Python
# treat them differently, especially in the common case of a
# function with a doc string and a single pass statement.
self.find_docstring_pass_pair(tree[i], spots)
elif tree[i][0] == symbol.simple_stmt:
first_line = self.first_line_of_tree(tree[i])
last_line = self.last_line_of_tree(tree[i])
if first_line != last_line:
self.record_multiline(spots, first_line, last_line)
self.get_suite_spots(tree[i], spots)
def find_executable_statements(self, text, exclude=None):
# Find lines which match an exclusion pattern.
excluded = {}
suite_spots = {}
if exclude:
reExclude = re.compile(exclude)
lines = text.split('\n')
for i in range(len(lines)):
if reExclude.search(lines[i]):
excluded[i+1] = 1
# Parse the code and analyze the parse tree to find out which statements
# are multiline, and where suites begin and end.
import parser
tree = parser.suite(text+'\n\n').totuple(1)
self.get_suite_spots(tree, suite_spots)
#print "Suite spots:", suite_spots
# Use the compiler module to parse the text and find the executable
# statements. We add newlines to be impervious to final partial lines.
statements = {}
ast = compiler.parse(text+'\n\n')
visitor = StatementFindingAstVisitor(statements, excluded, suite_spots)
compiler.walk(ast, visitor, walker=visitor)
lines = statements.keys()
lines.sort()
excluded_lines = excluded.keys()
excluded_lines.sort()
return lines, excluded_lines, suite_spots
# format_lines(statements, lines). Format a list of line numbers
# for printing by coalescing groups of lines as long as the lines
# represent consecutive statements. This will coalesce even if
# there are gaps between statements, so if statements =
# [1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12,13,14] and lines = [1,2,5,10,11,13,14] then
# format_lines will return "1-2, 5-11, 13-14".
def format_lines(self, statements, lines):
pairs = []
i = 0
j = 0
start = None
pairs = []
while i < len(statements) and j < len(lines):
if statements[i] == lines[j]:
if start == None:
start = lines[j]
end = lines[j]
j = j + 1
elif start:
pairs.append((start, end))
start = None
i = i + 1
if start:
pairs.append((start, end))
def stringify(pair):
start, end = pair
if start == end:
return "%d" % start
else:
return "%d-%d" % (start, end)
ret = string.join(map(stringify, pairs), ", ")
return ret
# Backward compatibility with version 1.
def analysis(self, morf):
f, s, _, m, mf = self.analysis2(morf)
return f, s, m, mf
def analysis2(self, morf):
filename, statements, excluded, line_map = self.analyze_morf(morf)
self.canonicalize_filenames()
if not self.cexecuted.has_key(filename):
self.cexecuted[filename] = {}
missing = []
for line in statements:
lines = line_map.get(line, [line, line])
for l in range(lines[0], lines[1]+1):
if self.cexecuted[filename].has_key(l):
break
else:
missing.append(line)
return (filename, statements, excluded, missing,
self.format_lines(statements, missing))
def relative_filename(self, filename):
""" Convert filename to relative filename from self.relative_dir.
"""
return filename.replace(self.relative_dir, "")
def morf_name(self, morf):
""" Return the name of morf as used in report.
"""
if isinstance(morf, types.ModuleType):
return morf.__name__
else:
return self.relative_filename(os.path.splitext(morf)[0])
def filter_by_prefix(self, morfs, omit_prefixes):
""" Return list of morfs where the morf name does not begin
with any one of the omit_prefixes.
"""
filtered_morfs = []
for morf in morfs:
for prefix in omit_prefixes:
if self.morf_name(morf).startswith(prefix):
break
else:
filtered_morfs.append(morf)
return filtered_morfs
def morf_name_compare(self, x, y):
return cmp(self.morf_name(x), self.morf_name(y))
def report(self, morfs, show_missing=1, ignore_errors=0, file=None, omit_prefixes=[]):
if not isinstance(morfs, types.ListType):
morfs = [morfs]
# On windows, the shell doesn't expand wildcards. Do it here.
globbed = []
for morf in morfs:
if isinstance(morf, strclass):
globbed.extend(glob.glob(morf))
else:
globbed.append(morf)
morfs = globbed
morfs = self.filter_by_prefix(morfs, omit_prefixes)
morfs.sort(self.morf_name_compare)
max_name = max([5,] + map(len, map(self.morf_name, morfs)))
fmt_name = "%%- %ds " % max_name
fmt_err = fmt_name + "%s: %s"
header = fmt_name % "Name" + " Stmts Exec Cover"
fmt_coverage = fmt_name + "% 6d % 6d % 5d%%"
if show_missing:
header = header + " Missing"
fmt_coverage = fmt_coverage + " %s"
if not file:
file = sys.stdout
print >>file, header
print >>file, "-" * len(header)
total_statements = 0
total_executed = 0
for morf in morfs:
name = self.morf_name(morf)
try:
_, statements, _, missing, readable = self.analysis2(morf)
n = len(statements)
m = n - len(missing)
if n > 0:
pc = 100.0 * m / n
else:
pc = 100.0
args = (name, n, m, pc)
if show_missing:
args = args + (readable,)
print >>file, fmt_coverage % args
total_statements = total_statements + n
total_executed = total_executed + m
except KeyboardInterrupt: #pragma: no cover
raise
except:
if not ignore_errors:
typ, msg = sys.exc_info()[0:2]
print >>file, fmt_err % (name, typ, msg)
if len(morfs) > 1:
print >>file, "-" * len(header)
if total_statements > 0:
pc = 100.0 * total_executed / total_statements
else:
pc = 100.0
args = ("TOTAL", total_statements, total_executed, pc)
if show_missing:
args = args + ("",)
print >>file, fmt_coverage % args
# annotate(morfs, ignore_errors).
blank_re = re.compile(r"\s*(#|$)")
else_re = re.compile(r"\s*else\s*:\s*(#|$)")
def annotate(self, morfs, directory=None, ignore_errors=0, omit_prefixes=[]):
morfs = self.filter_by_prefix(morfs, omit_prefixes)
for morf in morfs:
try:
filename, statements, excluded, missing, _ = self.analysis2(morf)
self.annotate_file(filename, statements, excluded, missing, directory)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
raise
except:
if not ignore_errors:
raise
def annotate_file(self, filename, statements, excluded, missing, directory=None):
source = open(filename, 'r')
if directory:
dest_file = os.path.join(directory,
os.path.basename(filename)
+ ',cover')
else:
dest_file = filename + ',cover'
dest = open(dest_file, 'w')
lineno = 0
i = 0
j = 0
covered = 1
while 1:
line = source.readline()
if line == '':
break
lineno = lineno + 1
while i < len(statements) and statements[i] < lineno:
i = i + 1
while j < len(missing) and missing[j] < lineno:
j = j + 1
if i < len(statements) and statements[i] == lineno:
covered = j >= len(missing) or missing[j] > lineno
if self.blank_re.match(line):
dest.write(' ')
elif self.else_re.match(line):
# Special logic for lines containing only 'else:'.
# See [GDR 2001-12-04b, 3.2].
if i >= len(statements) and j >= len(missing):
dest.write('! ')
elif i >= len(statements) or j >= len(missing):
dest.write('> ')
elif statements[i] == missing[j]:
dest.write('! ')
else:
dest.write('> ')
elif lineno in excluded:
dest.write('- ')
elif covered:
dest.write('> ')
else:
dest.write('! ')
dest.write(line)
source.close()
dest.close()
# Singleton object.
the_coverage = coverage()
# Module functions call methods in the singleton object.
def use_cache(*args, **kw):
return the_coverage.use_cache(*args, **kw)
def start(*args, **kw):
return the_coverage.start(*args, **kw)
def stop(*args, **kw):
return the_coverage.stop(*args, **kw)
def erase(*args, **kw):
return the_coverage.erase(*args, **kw)
def begin_recursive(*args, **kw):
return the_coverage.begin_recursive(*args, **kw)
def end_recursive(*args, **kw):
return the_coverage.end_recursive(*args, **kw)
def exclude(*args, **kw):
return the_coverage.exclude(*args, **kw)
def analysis(*args, **kw):
return the_coverage.analysis(*args, **kw)
def analysis2(*args, **kw):
return the_coverage.analysis2(*args, **kw)
def report(*args, **kw):
return the_coverage.report(*args, **kw)
def annotate(*args, **kw):
return the_coverage.annotate(*args, **kw)
def annotate_file(*args, **kw):
return the_coverage.annotate_file(*args, **kw)
# Save coverage data when Python exits. (The atexit module wasn't
# introduced until Python 2.0, so use sys.exitfunc when it's not
# available.)
try:
import atexit
atexit.register(the_coverage.save)
except ImportError:
sys.exitfunc = the_coverage.save
# Command-line interface.
if __name__ == '__main__':
the_coverage.command_line(sys.argv[1:])
# A. REFERENCES
#
# [GDR 2001-12-04a] "Statement coverage for Python"; Gareth Rees;
# Ravenbrook Limited; 2001-12-04;
# .
#
# [GDR 2001-12-04b] "Statement coverage for Python: design and
# analysis"; Gareth Rees; Ravenbrook Limited; 2001-12-04;
# .
#
# [van Rossum 2001-07-20a] "Python Reference Manual (releae 2.1.1)";
# Guide van Rossum; 2001-07-20;
# .
#
# [van Rossum 2001-07-20b] "Python Library Reference"; Guido van Rossum;
# 2001-07-20; .
#
#
# B. DOCUMENT HISTORY
#
# 2001-12-04 GDR Created.
#
# 2001-12-06 GDR Added command-line interface and source code
# annotation.
#
# 2001-12-09 GDR Moved design and interface to separate documents.
#
# 2001-12-10 GDR Open cache file as binary on Windows. Allow
# simultaneous -e and -x, or -a and -r.
#
# 2001-12-12 GDR Added command-line help. Cache analysis so that it
# only needs to be done once when you specify -a and -r.
#
# 2001-12-13 GDR Improved speed while recording. Portable between
# Python 1.5.2 and 2.1.1.
#
# 2002-01-03 GDR Module-level functions work correctly.
#
# 2002-01-07 GDR Update sys.path when running a file with the -x option,
# so that it matches the value the program would get if it were run on
# its own.
#
# 2004-12-12 NMB Significant code changes.
# - Finding executable statements has been rewritten so that docstrings and
# other quirks of Python execution aren't mistakenly identified as missing
# lines.
# - Lines can be excluded from consideration, even entire suites of lines.
# - The filesystem cache of covered lines can be disabled programmatically.
# - Modernized the code.
#
# 2004-12-14 NMB Minor tweaks. Return 'analysis' to its original behavior
# and add 'analysis2'. Add a global for 'annotate', and factor it, adding
# 'annotate_file'.
#
# 2004-12-31 NMB Allow for keyword arguments in the module global functions.
# Thanks, Allen.
#
# 2005-12-02 NMB Call threading.settrace so that all threads are measured.
# Thanks Martin Fuzzey. Add a file argument to report so that reports can be
# captured to a different destination.
#
# 2005-12-03 NMB coverage.py can now measure itself.
#
# 2005-12-04 NMB Adapted Greg Rogers' patch for using relative filenames,
# and sorting and omitting files to report on.
#
# 2006-07-23 NMB Applied Joseph Tate's patch for function decorators.
#
# 2006-08-21 NMB Applied Sigve Tjora and Mark van der Wal's fixes for argument
# handling.
#
# 2006-08-22 NMB Applied Geoff Bache's parallel mode patch.
#
# 2006-08-23 NMB Refactorings to improve testability. Fixes to command-line
# logic for parallel mode and collect.
#
# 2006-08-25 NMB "#pragma: nocover" is excluded by default.
#
# 2006-09-10 NMB Properly ignore docstrings and other constant expressions that
# appear in the middle of a function, a problem reported by Tim Leslie.
# Minor changes to avoid lint warnings.
#
# 2006-09-17 NMB coverage.erase() shouldn't clobber the exclude regex.
# Change how parallel mode is invoked, and fix erase() so that it erases the
# cache when called programmatically.
#
# 2007-07-21 NMB In reports, ignore code executed from strings, since we can't
# do anything useful with it anyway.
# Better file handling on Linux, thanks Guillaume Chazarain.
# Better shell support on Windows, thanks Noel O'Boyle.
# Python 2.2 support maintained, thanks Catherine Proulx.
#
# 2007-07-22 NMB Python 2.5 now fully supported. The method of dealing with
# multi-line statements is now less sensitive to the exact line that Python
# reports during execution. Pass statements are handled specially so that their
# disappearance during execution won't throw off the measurement.
#
# 2007-07-23 NMB Now Python 2.5 is *really* fully supported: the body of the
# new with statement is counted as executable.
#
# 2007-07-29 NMB Better packaging.
# C. COPYRIGHT AND LICENCE
#
# Copyright 2001 Gareth Rees. All rights reserved.
# Copyright 2004-2007 Ned Batchelder. All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
# met:
#
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
# documentation and/or other materials provided with the
# distribution.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
# INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
# BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
# OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
# ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR
# TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
# USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
# DAMAGE.
#
# $Id: coverage.py 74 2007-07-29 22:28:35Z nedbat $
xappy-0.5/testsuite/runtests.py 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000026654 11004346430 016636 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
r"""runtests.py: Run a set of tests with doctest and unittest.
The list of modules to test is specified at the top of the file, in the
MODNAMES variable.
Other files containing documentation to be tested is listed in the OTHER_FILES
variable.
A subset of the modules can be tested by specifying a list of module names on
the command line.
"""
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
#######################
# Begin configuration #
#######################
# List the modules to test with doctest (please keep this list in alphabetical
# order, for ease of maintenance).
MODNAMES = (
'secore',
'secore.datastructures',
'secore.errors',
'secore.fieldactions',
'secore.fieldmappings',
'secore.highlight',
'secore.indexerconnection',
'secore.marshall',
'secore.parsedate',
'secore.searchconnection',
'xappy',
'xappy.datastructures',
'xappy.errors',
'xappy.fieldactions',
'xappy.fieldmappings',
'xappy.highlight',
'xappy.indexerconnection',
'xappy.marshall',
'xappy.parsedate',
'xappy.searchconnection',
)
# List the documentation files which should be valid doctest inputs
OTHER_FILES = (
'docs/introduction.rst',
)
# Whitelist lines for coverage report (ie, lines which should always be
# considered as having been executed). The first item in each line is a line
# number that the line can appear at, which may be negative to indicate lines
# from the end of the file. The second item is a regular expression to match
# against the line: if the expression matches, the line will be considered
# executed.
COVERED_LINES = (
(-2, r'\s*import doctest, sys'),
(-1, r'\s*doctest.testmod'),
)
########################
# End of configuration #
########################
import sys
import os
import re
import unittest
import doctest
import traceback
import copy
def canonical_path(path):
return os.path.normcase(os.path.normpath(os.path.realpath(path)))
def check_whitelist(lines, checklinenum, covered_lines):
"""Check whether line `checklinenum`, for the file with contents `lines`
is in the whitelist. Return True if so, False otherwise.
"""
for linenum, pattern in covered_lines:
if linenum < 0:
linenum += len(lines) + 1
if linenum <= 0 or linenum > len(lines):
continue
if checklinenum != linenum:
continue
if not pattern.match(lines[checklinenum - 1]):
continue
return True
return False
def create_docfile_suite(mod, modpath):
"""Create a suite of tests from a text file containing doctests.
The dictionary of the module is imported into the namespace which the tests
are run in (excluding any entries which begin with a double underscore), so
the tests can be written as if they were entries in the modules __test__
dictionary.
"""
globs = {'__file__': modpath,
}
for key in mod.__dict__.keys():
if not key.startswith('__'):
globs[key] = mod.__dict__[key]
return doctest.DocFileSuite(modpath,
module_relative=False,
globs=globs,
setUp=setup_test,
tearDown=teardown_test,
)
def recursive_rm(path):
"""Recursively remove a directory and its contents.
"""
if os.path.isdir(path):
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path, topdown=False):
for file in files:
os.remove(os.path.join(root, file))
for dir in dirs:
os.rmdir(os.path.join(root, dir))
os.rmdir(path)
_orig_vals = {}
def setup_test(dtobj):
"""Prepare for running a test.
"""
tmpdir = 'test_tmp'
recursive_rm(tmpdir)
_orig_vals['wd'] = os.path.abspath(os.getcwd())
_orig_vals['path'] = sys.path
sys.path = copy.copy(sys.path)
sys.path.insert(0, _orig_vals['wd'])
testdir = os.path.dirname(dtobj.globs['__file__'])
sys.path.insert(0, testdir)
os.mkdir(tmpdir)
os.chdir(tmpdir)
def teardown_test(dtobj):
"""Cleanup after running a test.
"""
for key, val in list(dtobj.globs.iteritems()):
if hasattr(val, '__module__') and \
val.__module__ is not None and \
val.__module__.startswith('xappy'):
if hasattr(val, 'close'):
if not isinstance(val, type):
val.close()
del dtobj.globs[key]
del key
del val
dtobj.globs.clear()
# Try really hard to make sure any xapian databases have been closed
# properly, so that windows doesn't give errors when we try and delete
# them.
import gc
gc.collect()
tmpdir = 'test_tmp'
os.chdir(_orig_vals['wd'])
sys.path = _orig_vals['path']
recursive_rm(tmpdir)
def run_tests(topdir, modnames, other_files, use_coverage):
"""Run tests on the specified modules.
Returns a list of modules which were tested.
"""
# Check command line for overrides to module names
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
newnames = []
for arg in sys.argv[1:]:
if arg in modnames:
newnames.append(arg)
else:
print "Module `%s' not known" % arg
sys.exit(1)
modnames = newnames
# Make a test suite to put all the tests in.
suite = unittest.TestSuite()
if use_coverage:
# Use the coverage test module to get coverage information.
import coverage
coverage.erase()
coverage.start()
coverage.exclude('#pragma[: ]+[nN][oO] [cC][oO][vV][eE][rR]')
# Add all the doctest tests.
modules = []
for modname in modnames:
try:
# Get the path of the module (to search for associated tests)
modpath = os.path.join(*(modname.split('.')))
modpath = canonical_path(modpath)
if os.path.isdir(modpath):
modpath = os.path.join(modpath, '__init__')
# Import the module
sys.path.insert(0, topdir)
mod = __import__(modname, None, None, [''])
del sys.path[0]
# Check that the module imported came from the expected path.
if os.path.splitext(mod.__file__)[0] != modpath:
print "Couldn't import module `%s`: got module of same name, from wrong path (%r)" % (modname, mod.__file__)
continue
# Add module to test suite.
suite.addTest(doctest.DocTestSuite(mod, setUp=setup_test, tearDown=teardown_test))
modules.append(mod)
# Check for additional doctest files
modpath = modpath + '_doctest%d.txt'
num = 1
while os.path.exists(modpath % num):
suite.addTest(create_docfile_suite(mod, modpath % num))
num += 1
except ImportError, e:
print "Couldn't import module `%s`: %s" % (modname, e)
traceback.print_exc()
# Add any other files with doctests in them.
for file in other_files:
fullpath = os.path.join(topdir, file)
globs = {'__file__': os.path.join(canonical_path("xappy"), '__init__'),}
suite.addTest(doctest.DocFileSuite(fullpath,
module_relative=False,
globs=globs,
setUp=setup_test,
tearDown=teardown_test,
))
# Now, run everything.
runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
runner.run(suite)
if use_coverage:
# Finished run - stop the coverage tests
coverage.stop()
return modules
def get_coverage(topdir, modules, covered_lines):
import coverage
# Compile the expressions in COVERED_LINES
covered_lines = [(lines, re.compile(pattern))
for (lines, pattern) in covered_lines]
# Get the coverage statistics
stats = []
for module in modules:
(filename, stmtlines, stmtmissed, stmtmissed_desc) = coverage.analysis(module)
filename = canonical_path(filename)
if filename.startswith(topdir):
filename = filename[len(topdir) + 1:]
lines = open(filename).readlines()
linenum = len(lines)
# Remove whitelisted lines
stmtmissed = [linenum for linenum in stmtmissed
if not check_whitelist(lines, linenum, covered_lines)]
# Sort the lines (probably already in order, but let's double-check)
stmtlines.sort()
stmtmissed.sort()
# Build a compressed list of ranges of lines which have no statements
# which were executed, but do contain statements.
missed_ranges = []
stmtpos = 0
currrange = None
for linenum in stmtmissed:
while stmtlines[stmtpos] < linenum:
# If there are any statements before the current linenum, we
# end the current range of missed statements
currrange = None
stmtpos += 1
if currrange is None:
currrange = [linenum, linenum]
missed_ranges.append(currrange)
else:
currrange[1] = linenum
stmtpos += 1
percent = (len(stmtlines) - len(stmtmissed)) * 100.0 / len(stmtlines)
stats.append((filename, percent, len(stmtlines), missed_ranges))
return stats
def display_coverage(stats):
print "Coverage report:"
max_filename_len = max(len(stat[0]) for stat in stats)
for filename, percent, total, missed in stats:
msg = "%r%s %5.1f%% of %d" % (filename, ' ' * (max_filename_len - len(filename)), percent, total)
if len(missed) != 0:
for pos in xrange(len(missed)):
if missed[pos][0] == missed[pos][1]:
missed[pos] = str(missed[pos][0])
elif missed[pos][0] + 1 == missed[pos][1]:
missed[pos] = "%d,%d" % tuple(missed[pos])
else:
missed[pos] = "%d-%d" % tuple(missed[pos])
msg += "\t Missed: %s" % ','.join(missed)
print msg
def run(use_coverage=False, use_profiling=False):
topdir = canonical_path(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..'))
if use_profiling:
try:
import cProfile as profile
except ImportError:
import profile
modules = profile.run('run_tests(%r, MODNAMES, OTHER_FILES, %r)' % (topdir, use_profiling), os.path.join(topdir, '.runtests.prof'))
else:
modules = run_tests(topdir, MODNAMES, OTHER_FILES, use_coverage)
if use_coverage:
display_coverage(get_coverage(topdir, modules, COVERED_LINES))
run()
#run(use_profiling=True)
xappy-0.5/utils/ 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000000000 11005556727 013501 5 ustar richard richard xappy-0.5/utils/make_xappy_tarballs 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000013712 11005462312 017437 0 ustar richard richard #!/bin/sh -e
# This script is used to generate the tarballs of xapian for xappy.
#
# These tarballs are based on SVN HEAD, but with the changes from two branches
# merged in. Some of the contents of these branches may be merged into HEAD
# shortly, but other changes on the branches can't easily be merged to HEAD
# during the 1.0.x release series, so will be merged after the 1.0.x series has
# been moved into maintenance mode, and HEAD is being used to work towards the
# 1.1 series.
#
# The script depends on various directories being set up, and is probably only
# usable on my machine without a fair bit of work first.
# The directories used are:
#
# $basedir/branchpoints/matchspy: a checkout of the matchspy branch at the
# revision the branch was made (ie, before any changes were made on it).
#
# $basedir/branchpoints/opsynonym: a checkout of the opsynonym branch at the
# revision the branch was made (ie, before any changes were made on it).
#
# $basedir/branchpoints/clustering: a checkout of the clustering branch at the
# revision the branch was made (ie, before any changes were made on it).
#
# $basedir/branches/matchspy: a checkout of the matchspy branch at the latest
# revision.
#
# $basedir/branches/opsynonym: a checkout of the opsynonym branch at the
# latest revision.
#
# $basedir/branches/clustering: a checkout of the clustering branch at the
# latest revision.
#
# $basedir/head/trunk: a checkout of HEAD, at the latest revision.
#
# $xappylibdir: a checkout of xappy/trunk.
rev="1.0.6"
matchspy_branchpoint="10407"
opsynonym_branchpoint="10407"
clustering_branchpoint="10407"
basedir="$HOME/private/Working/xapian/pristine/"
xappylibdir="$HOME/xappy/libs/"
echo "Updating branchpoint trees"
cd $basedir/branchpoints/matchspy
svn update -r$matchspy_branchpoint
cd $basedir/branchpoints/opsynonym
svn update -r$opsynonym_branchpoint
cd $basedir/branchpoints/clustering
svn update -r$clustering_branchpoint
echo "Updating branch trees"
cd $basedir/branches/matchspy
svn update
cd $basedir/branches/opsynonym
svn update
cd $basedir/branches/clustering
svn update
echo "Updating head"
cd $basedir/head/trunk
svn update
head_rev=`svn info | grep Revision | cut -f 2 -d ' '`
echo "Exporting clean trees"
rm -rf $basedir/branchpoints/matchspy_export
svn export $basedir/branchpoints/matchspy $basedir/branchpoints/matchspy_export
rm -rf $basedir/branchpoints/opsynonym_export
svn export $basedir/branchpoints/opsynonym $basedir/branchpoints/opsynonym_export
rm -rf $basedir/branchpoints/clustering_export
svn export $basedir/branchpoints/clustering $basedir/branchpoints/clustering_export
rm -rf $basedir/branches/matchspy_export
svn export $basedir/branches/matchspy $basedir/branches/matchspy_export
rm -rf $basedir/branches/opsynonym_export
svn export $basedir/branches/opsynonym $basedir/branches/opsynonym_export
rm -rf $basedir/branches/clustering_export
svn export $basedir/branches/clustering $basedir/branches/clustering_export
rm -rf $basedir/head/trunk_export
svn export $basedir/head/trunk $basedir/head/trunk_export
# Get the diffs we made on branches.
echo "Getting patches from matchspy branch"
cd $basedir
diff -Nur --ignore-matching-lines='\$Author' \
branchpoints/matchspy_export \
branches/matchspy_export \
| filterdiff -x '*/ChangeLog' -x '*/NEWS' -x '*/docs/index.html' \
>$basedir/matchspy_changes.patch
echo "Getting patches from opsynonym branch"
cd $basedir
diff -Nur --ignore-matching-lines='\$Author' \
branchpoints/opsynonym_export \
branches/opsynonym_export \
| filterdiff -x '*/ChangeLog' -x '*/NEWS' -x '*/docs/index.html' \
>$basedir/opsynonym_changes.patch
echo "Getting patches from clustering branch"
cd $basedir
diff -Nur --ignore-matching-lines='\$Author' \
branchpoints/clustering_export \
branches/clustering_export \
| filterdiff -x '*/ChangeLog' -x '*/NEWS' -x '*/docs/index.html' \
>$basedir/clustering_changes.patch
# Get the diffs made to HEAD since the branch points
echo "Getting changes to HEAD since matchspy branch"
cd $basedir
diff -Nur --ignore-matching-lines='\$Author' \
branchpoints/matchspy_export \
head/trunk_export \
>$basedir/head_changes_since_matchspy_branch.patch && true
echo "Getting changes to HEAD since opsynonym branch"
cd $basedir
diff -Nur --ignore-matching-lines='\$Author' \
branchpoints/opsynonym_export \
head/trunk_export \
>$basedir/head_changes_since_opsynonym_branch.patch && true
echo "Getting changes to HEAD since clustering branch"
cd $basedir
diff -Nur --ignore-matching-lines='\$Author' \
branchpoints/clustering_export \
head/trunk_export \
>$basedir/head_changes_since_clustering_branch.patch && true
# Apply the patches to HEAD
echo "Applying patches"
cd $basedir/head/trunk_export
patch -p2 < $basedir/matchspy_changes.patch
patch -p2 < $basedir/opsynonym_changes.patch
patch -p2 < $basedir/clustering_changes.patch
# Make tarballs
echo "Building tarballs"
cd $basedir/head/trunk_export
./bootstrap
./configure
(cd xapian-core && make && make dist)
(cd xapian-bindings && make && make dist)
# Copy the tarballs into xappy
echo "Repacking tarballs"
cd $xappylibdir
mkdir -p tmp
cd tmp
rm -rf xapian-core-* xapian-bindings-*
cd $basedir/head/trunk_export
cp xapian-core/xapian-core-${rev}.tar.gz $xappylibdir/tmp/
cp xapian-bindings/xapian-bindings-${rev}.tar.gz $xappylibdir/tmp/
cd $xappylibdir/tmp
tar zxf $xappylibdir/tmp/xapian-core-${rev}.tar.gz
tar zxf $xappylibdir/tmp/xapian-bindings-${rev}.tar.gz
mv xapian-core-${rev} xapian-core
mv xapian-bindings-${rev} xapian-bindings
tar -H ustar -zcf xapian-core-${head_rev}.tgz xapian-core
tar -H ustar -zcf xapian-bindings-${head_rev}.tgz xapian-bindings
rm -r xapian-core xapian-bindings
rm xapian-core-${rev}.tar.gz
rm xapian-bindings-${rev}.tar.gz
cd $xappylibdir
mv tmp/xapian-core-${head_rev}.tgz .
mv tmp/xapian-bindings-${head_rev}.tgz .
# Make a tarball of the windows build files
cd $basedir/head/trunk_export/xapian-maintainer-tools/
tar -H ustar -zcf win32msvc-${head_rev}.tgz win32msvc
cp win32msvc-${head_rev}.tgz $xappylibdir/
rmdir tmp
xappy-0.5/xappy/ 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000000000 11005556727 013502 5 ustar richard richard xappy-0.5/xappy/__init__.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000002463 11005445777 015622 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
"""Xappy.
See the accompanying documentation for details. In particular, there should be
an accompanying file "introduction.html" (or "introduction.rst") which gives
details of how to use the xappy package.
"""
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
__version__ = '0.5'
import _checkxapian
from datastructures import Field, UnprocessedDocument, ProcessedDocument
from errors import *
from fieldactions import FieldActions
from indexerconnection import IndexerConnection
from searchconnection import SearchConnection
from replaylog import set_replay_path
xappy-0.5/xappy/_checkxapian.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000003145 11005456013 016457 0 ustar richard richard # Copyright (C) 2008 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
r"""_checkxapian.py: Check the version of xapian used.
Raises an ImportError on import if the version used is too old to be used at
all.
"""
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
# The minimum version of xapian required to work at all.
min_xapian_version = (1, 0, 6)
# Dictionary of features we can't support do to them being missing from the
# available version of xapian.
missing_features = {}
import xapian
versions = xapian.major_version(), xapian.minor_version(), xapian.revision()
if versions < min_xapian_version:
raise ImportError("""
Xapian Python bindings installed, but need at least version %d.%d.%d - got %s
""".strip() % tuple(list(min_xapian_version) + [xapian.version_string()]))
if not hasattr(xapian, 'TermCountMatchSpy'):
missing_features['tags'] = 1
if not hasattr(xapian, 'CategorySelectMatchSpy'):
missing_features['facets'] = 1
xappy-0.5/xappy/datastructures.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000021452 10772400231 017121 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
r"""datastructures.py: Datastructures for search engine core.
"""
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
import errors
from replaylog import log
import xapian
import cPickle
class Field(object):
# Use __slots__ because we're going to have very many Field objects in
# typical usage.
__slots__ = 'name', 'value'
def __init__(self, name, value):
self.name = name
self.value = value
def __repr__(self):
return 'Field(%r, %r)' % (self.name, self.value)
class UnprocessedDocument(object):
"""A unprocessed document to be passed to the indexer.
This represents an item to be processed and stored in the search engine.
Each document will be processed by the indexer to generate a
ProcessedDocument, which can then be stored in the search engine index.
Note that some information in an UnprocessedDocument will not be
represented in the ProcessedDocument: therefore, it is not possible to
retrieve an UnprocessedDocument from the search engine index.
An unprocessed document is a simple container with two attributes:
- `fields` is a list of Field objects, or an iterator returning Field
objects.
- `id` is a string holding a unique identifier for the document (or
None to get the database to allocate a unique identifier automatically
when the document is added).
"""
__slots__ = 'id', 'fields',
def __init__(self, id=None, fields=None):
self.id = id
if fields is None:
self.fields = []
else:
self.fields = fields
def __repr__(self):
return 'UnprocessedDocument(%r, %r)' % (self.id, self.fields)
class ProcessedDocument(object):
"""A processed document, as stored in the index.
This represents an item which is ready to be stored in the search engine,
or which has been returned by the search engine.
"""
__slots__ = '_doc', '_fieldmappings', '_data',
def __init__(self, fieldmappings, xapdoc=None):
"""Create a ProcessedDocument.
`fieldmappings` is the configuration from a database connection used lookup
the configuration to use to store each field.
If supplied, `xapdoc` is a Xapian document to store in the processed
document. Otherwise, a new Xapian document is created.
"""
if xapdoc is None:
self._doc = log(xapian.Document)
else:
self._doc = xapdoc
self._fieldmappings = fieldmappings
self._data = None
def add_term(self, field, term, wdfinc=1, positions=None):
"""Add a term to the document.
Terms are the main unit of information used for performing searches.
- `field` is the field to add the term to.
- `term` is the term to add.
- `wdfinc` is the value to increase the within-document-frequency
measure for the term by.
- `positions` is the positional information to add for the term.
This may be None to indicate that there is no positional information,
or may be an integer to specify one position, or may be a sequence of
integers to specify several positions. (Note that the wdf is not
increased automatically for each position: if you add a term at 7
positions, and the wdfinc value is 2, the total wdf for the term will
only be increased by 2, not by 14.)
"""
prefix = self._fieldmappings.get_prefix(field)
if len(term) > 0:
# We use the following check, rather than "isupper()" to ensure
# that we match the check performed by the queryparser, regardless
# of our locale.
if ord(term[0]) >= ord('A') and ord(term[0]) <= ord('Z'):
prefix = prefix + ':'
# Note - xapian currently restricts term lengths to about 248
# characters - except that zero bytes are encoded in two bytes, so
# in practice a term of length 125 characters could be too long.
# Xapian will give an error when commit() is called after such
# documents have been added to the database.
# As a simple workaround, we give an error here for terms over 220
# characters, which will catch most occurrences of the error early.
#
# In future, it might be good to change to a hashing scheme in this
# situation (or for terms over, say, 64 characters), where the
# characters after position 64 are hashed (we obviously need to do this
# hashing at search time, too).
if len(prefix + term) > 220:
raise errors.IndexerError("Field %r is too long: maximum length "
"220 - was %d (%r)" %
(field, len(prefix + term),
prefix + term))
if positions is None:
self._doc.add_term(prefix + term, wdfinc)
elif isinstance(positions, int):
self._doc.add_posting(prefix + term, positions, wdfinc)
else:
self._doc.add_term(prefix + term, wdfinc)
for pos in positions:
self._doc.add_posting(prefix + term, pos, 0)
def add_value(self, field, value, purpose=''):
"""Add a value to the document.
Values are additional units of information used when performing
searches. Note that values are _not_ intended to be used to store
information for display in the search results - use the document data
for that. The intention is that as little information as possible is
stored in values, so that they can be accessed as quickly as possible
during the search operation.
Unlike terms, each document may have at most one value in each field
(whereas there may be an arbitrary number of terms in a given field).
If an attempt to add multiple values to a single field is made, only
the last value added will be stored.
"""
slot = self._fieldmappings.get_slot(field, purpose)
self._doc.add_value(slot, value)
def get_value(self, field, purpose=''):
"""Get a value from the document.
"""
slot = self._fieldmappings.get_slot(field, purpose)
return self._doc.get_value(slot)
def prepare(self):
"""Prepare the document for adding to a xapian database.
This updates the internal xapian document with any changes which have
been made, and then returns it.
"""
if self._data is not None:
self._doc.set_data(cPickle.dumps(self._data, 2))
self._data = None
return self._doc
def _get_data(self):
if self._data is None:
rawdata = self._doc.get_data()
if rawdata == '':
self._data = {}
else:
self._data = cPickle.loads(rawdata)
return self._data
def _set_data(self, data):
if not isinstance(data, dict):
raise TypeError("Cannot set data to any type other than a dict")
self._data = data
data = property(_get_data, _set_data, doc=
"""The data stored in this processed document.
This data is a dictionary of entries, where the key is a fieldname, and the
value is a list of strings.
""")
def _get_id(self):
tl = self._doc.termlist()
try:
term = tl.skip_to('Q').term
if len(term) == 0 or term[0] != 'Q':
return None
except StopIteration:
return None
return term[1:]
def _set_id(self, id):
tl = self._doc.termlist()
try:
term = tl.skip_to('Q').term
except StopIteration:
term = ''
if len(term) != 0 and term[0] == 'Q':
self._doc.remove_term(term)
if id is not None:
self._doc.add_term('Q' + id, 0)
id = property(_get_id, _set_id, doc=
"""The unique ID for this document.
""")
def __repr__(self):
return '' % (self.id)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import doctest, sys
doctest.testmod (sys.modules[__name__])
xappy-0.5/xappy/datastructures_doctest1.txt 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000001473 10667526666 021147 0 ustar richard richard
>>> from fieldmappings import FieldMappings
>>> maps = FieldMappings()
Make a processed document.
>>> doc = ProcessedDocument(maps)
>>> print doc.id
None
>>> doc.id = '1'
>>> print doc.id
1
>>> doc.id = '_'
>>> print doc.id
_
>>> print repr(doc.data)
{}
>>> doc.data['foo'] = ['1', '2']
>>> print repr(doc.data)
{'foo': ['1', '2']}
Adding terms which are too long gives an error straight-away.
>>> maps.add_prefix('foo')
>>> doc.add_term('foo', 'a' * 250)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: Field 'foo' is too long: maximum length 220 - was 252 ('XAaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa')
xappy-0.5/xappy/errors.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000005732 10700703107 015362 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
r"""errors.py: Exceptions for the search engine core.
"""
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
class SearchEngineError(Exception):
r"""Base class for exceptions thrown by the search engine.
Any errors generated by xappy itself, or by xapian, will be instances of
this class or its subclasses.
"""
class IndexerError(SearchEngineError):
r"""Class used to report errors relating to the indexing API.
"""
class SearchError(SearchEngineError):
r"""Class used to report errors relating to the search API.
"""
class XapianError(SearchEngineError):
r"""Base class for exceptions thrown by the xapian.
Any errors generated by xapian will be instances of this class or its
subclasses.
"""
def _rebase_xapian_exceptions():
"""Add new base classes for all the xapian exceptions.
"""
import xapian
for name in (
'AssertionError',
'DatabaseCorruptError',
'DatabaseCreateError',
'DatabaseError',
'DatabaseLockError',
'DatabaseModifiedError',
'DatabaseOpeningError',
'DatabaseVersionError',
'DocNotFoundError',
# We skip 'Error' because it inherits directly from exception
# and this causes problems with method resolution order.
# However, we probably don't need it anyway, because it's
# just a base class, and shouldn't ever actually be raised.
# Users can catch xappy.XapianError instead.
'FeatureUnavailableError',
'InternalError',
'InvalidArgumentError',
'InvalidOperationError',
'LogicError',
'NetworkError',
'NetworkTimeoutError',
'QueryParserError',
'RangeError',
'RuntimeError',
'UnimplementedError',
):
xapian_exception = getattr(xapian, name, None)
if xapian_exception is not None:
xapian_exception.__bases__ += (XapianError, )
globals()['Xapian' + name] = xapian_exception
_rebase_xapian_exceptions()
xappy-0.5/xappy/errors_doctest1.txt 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000001750 10700703214 017352 0 ustar richard richard Xappy exports all the xapian errors as "XapianFooError", corresponding to
xapian.FooError. Firstly, we need to test that we can catch one of these
errors. Lets play with DatabaseLockError because it's easy to generate.
>>> import xappy
>>> db1 = xappy.IndexerConnection('foo')
>>> try:
... db2 = xappy.IndexerConnection('foo')
... except xappy.XapianDatabaseLockError:
... print "Got XapianDatabaseLockError"
Got XapianDatabaseLockError
Xappy also modifies all the Xapian errors so that they inherit from
xappy.XapianError, so we can catch all Xapian errors this way:
>>> try:
... db2 = xappy.IndexerConnection('foo')
... except xappy.XapianError:
... print "Got XapianError"
Got XapianError
xappy.XapianError is a subclass of xappy.SearchEngineError, so all errors from
xappy can be caught using xappy.SearchEngineError:
>>> try:
... db2 = xappy.IndexerConnection('foo')
... except xappy.SearchEngineError:
... print "Got SearchEngineError"
Got SearchEngineError
xappy-0.5/xappy/fieldactions.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000041451 11005455561 016517 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
r"""fieldactions.py: Definitions and implementations of field actions.
"""
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
import _checkxapian
import errors
import marshall
from replaylog import log
import xapian
import parsedate
def _act_store_content(fieldname, doc, value, context):
"""Perform the STORE_CONTENT action.
"""
try:
fielddata = doc.data[fieldname]
except KeyError:
fielddata = []
doc.data[fieldname] = fielddata
fielddata.append(value)
def _act_index_exact(fieldname, doc, value, context):
"""Perform the INDEX_EXACT action.
"""
doc.add_term(fieldname, value, 0)
def _act_tag(fieldname, doc, value, context):
"""Perform the TAG action.
"""
doc.add_term(fieldname, value.lower(), 0)
def _act_facet(fieldname, doc, value, context, type=None):
"""Perform the FACET action.
"""
if type is None or type == 'string':
value = value.lower()
doc.add_term(fieldname, value, 0)
serialiser = log(xapian.StringListSerialiser,
doc.get_value(fieldname, 'facet'))
serialiser.append(value)
doc.add_value(fieldname, serialiser.get(), 'facet')
else:
marshaller = SortableMarshaller()
fn = marshaller.get_marshall_function(fieldname, type)
doc.add_value(fieldname, fn(fieldname, value), 'facet')
def _act_index_freetext(fieldname, doc, value, context, weight=1,
language=None, stop=None, spell=False,
nopos=False,
allow_field_specific=True,
search_by_default=True):
"""Perform the INDEX_FREETEXT action.
"""
termgen = log(xapian.TermGenerator)
if language is not None:
termgen.set_stemmer(log(xapian.Stem, language))
if stop is not None:
stopper = log(xapian.SimpleStopper)
for term in stop:
stopper.add (term)
termgen.set_stopper (stopper)
if spell:
termgen.set_database(context.index)
termgen.set_flags(termgen.FLAG_SPELLING)
termgen.set_document(doc._doc)
if search_by_default:
termgen.set_termpos(context.current_position)
# Store a copy of the field without a prefix, for non-field-specific
# searches.
if nopos:
termgen.index_text_without_positions(value, weight, '')
else:
termgen.index_text(value, weight, '')
if allow_field_specific:
# Store a second copy of the term with a prefix, for field-specific
# searches.
prefix = doc._fieldmappings.get_prefix(fieldname)
if len(prefix) != 0:
termgen.set_termpos(context.current_position)
if nopos:
termgen.index_text_without_positions(value, weight, prefix)
else:
termgen.index_text(value, weight, prefix)
# Add a gap between each field instance, so that phrase searches don't
# match across instances.
termgen.increase_termpos(10)
context.current_position = termgen.get_termpos()
class SortableMarshaller(object):
"""Implementation of marshalling for sortable values.
"""
def __init__(self, indexing=True):
if indexing:
self._err = errors.IndexerError
else:
self._err = errors.SearchError
def marshall_string(self, fieldname, value):
"""Marshall a value for sorting in lexicograpical order.
This returns the input as the output, since strings already sort in
lexicographical order.
"""
return value
def marshall_float(self, fieldname, value):
"""Marshall a value for sorting as a floating point value.
"""
# convert the value to a float
try:
value = float(value)
except ValueError:
raise self._err("Value supplied to field %r must be a "
"valid floating point number: was %r" %
(fieldname, value))
return marshall.float_to_string(value)
def marshall_date(self, fieldname, value):
"""Marshall a value for sorting as a date.
"""
try:
value = parsedate.date_from_string(value)
except ValueError, e:
raise self._err("Value supplied to field %r must be a "
"valid date: was %r: error is '%s'" %
(fieldname, value, str(e)))
return marshall.date_to_string(value)
def get_marshall_function(self, fieldname, sorttype):
"""Get a function used to marshall values of a given sorttype.
"""
try:
return {
None: self.marshall_string,
'string': self.marshall_string,
'float': self.marshall_float,
'date': self.marshall_date,
}[sorttype]
except KeyError:
raise self._err("Unknown sort type %r for field %r" %
(sorttype, fieldname))
def _act_sort_and_collapse(fieldname, doc, value, context, type=None):
"""Perform the SORTABLE action.
"""
marshaller = SortableMarshaller()
fn = marshaller.get_marshall_function(fieldname, type)
value = fn(fieldname, value)
doc.add_value(fieldname, value, 'collsort')
class ActionContext(object):
"""The context in which an action is performed.
This is just used to pass term generators, word positions, and the like
around.
"""
def __init__(self, index):
self.current_language = None
self.current_position = 0
self.index = index
class FieldActions(object):
"""An object describing the actions to be performed on a field.
The supported actions are:
- `STORE_CONTENT`: store the unprocessed content of the field in the search
engine database. All fields which need to be displayed or used when
displaying the search results need to be given this action.
- `INDEX_EXACT`: index the exact content of the field as a single search
term. Fields whose contents need to be searchable as an "exact match"
need to be given this action.
- `INDEX_FREETEXT`: index the content of this field as text. The content
will be split into terms, allowing free text searching of the field. Four
optional parameters may be supplied:
- 'weight' is a multiplier to apply to the importance of the field. This
must be an integer, and the default value is 1.
- 'language' is the language to use when processing the field. This can
be expressed as an ISO 2-letter language code. The supported languages
are those supported by the xapian core in use.
- 'stop' is an iterable of stopwords to filter out of the generated
terms. Note that due to Xapian design, only non-positional terms are
affected, so this is of limited use.
- 'spell' is a boolean flag - if true, the contents of the field will be
used for spelling correction.
- 'nopos' is a boolean flag - if true, positional information is not
stored.
- 'allow_field_specific' is a boolean flag - if False, prevents terms with the field
prefix being generated. This means that searches specific to this
field will not work, and thus should only be used when only non-field
specific searches are desired. Defaults to True.
- 'search_by_default' is a boolean flag - if False, the field will not be
searched by non-field specific searches. If True, or omitted, the
field will be included in searches for non field-specific searches.
- `SORTABLE`: index the content of the field such that it can be used to
sort result sets. It also allows result sets to be restricted to those
documents with a field values in a given range. One optional parameter
may be supplied:
- 'type' is a value indicating how to sort the field. It has several
possible values:
- 'string' - sort in lexicographic (ie, alphabetical) order.
This is the default, used if no type is set.
- 'float' - treat the values as (decimal representations of) floating
point numbers, and sort in numerical order. The values in the field
must be valid floating point numbers (according to Python's float()
function).
- 'date' - sort in date order. The values must be valid dates (either
Python datetime.date objects, or ISO 8601 format (ie, YYYYMMDD or
YYYY-MM-DD).
- `COLLAPSE`: index the content of the field such that it can be used to
"collapse" result sets, such that only the highest result with each value
of the field will be returned.
- `TAG`: the field contains tags; these are strings, which will be matched
in a case insensitive way, but otherwise must be exact matches. Tag
fields can be searched for by making an explict query (ie, using
query_field(), but not with query_parse()). A list of the most frequent
tags in a result set can also be accessed easily.
- `FACET`: the field represents a classification facet; these are strings
which will be matched exactly, but a list of all the facets present in
the result set can also be accessed easily - in addition, a suitable
subset of the facets, and a selection of the facet values, present in the
result set can be calculated. One optional parameter may be supplied:
- 'type' is a value indicating the type of facet contained in the field:
- 'string' - the facet values are exact binary strings.
- 'float' - the facet values are floating point numbers.
"""
# See the class docstring for the meanings of the following constants.
STORE_CONTENT = 1
INDEX_EXACT = 2
INDEX_FREETEXT = 3
SORTABLE = 4
COLLAPSE = 5
TAG = 6
FACET = 7
# Sorting and collapsing store the data in a value, but the format depends
# on the sort type. Easiest way to implement is to treat them as the same
# action.
SORT_AND_COLLAPSE = -1
_unsupported_actions = []
if 'tags' in _checkxapian.missing_features:
_unsupported_actions.append(TAG)
if 'facets' in _checkxapian.missing_features:
_unsupported_actions.append(FACET)
def __init__(self, fieldname):
# Dictionary of actions, keyed by type.
self._actions = {}
self._fieldname = fieldname
def add(self, field_mappings, action, **kwargs):
"""Add an action to perform on a field.
"""
if action in self._unsupported_actions:
raise errors.IndexerError("Action unsupported with this release of xapian")
if action not in (FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT,
FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT,
FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT,
FieldActions.SORTABLE,
FieldActions.COLLAPSE,
FieldActions.TAG,
FieldActions.FACET,
):
raise errors.IndexerError("Unknown field action: %r" % action)
info = self._action_info[action]
# Check parameter names
for key in kwargs.keys():
if key not in info[1]:
raise errors.IndexerError("Unknown parameter name for action %r: %r" % (info[0], key))
# Fields cannot be indexed both with "EXACT" and "FREETEXT": whilst we
# could implement this, the query parser wouldn't know what to do with
# searches.
if action == FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT:
if FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT in self._actions:
raise errors.IndexerError("Field %r is already marked for indexing "
"as free text: cannot mark for indexing "
"as exact text as well" % self._fieldname)
if action == FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT:
if FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT in self._actions:
raise errors.IndexerError("Field %r is already marked for indexing "
"as exact text: cannot mark for indexing "
"as free text as well" % self._fieldname)
# Fields cannot be indexed as more than one type for "SORTABLE": to
# implement this, we'd need to use a different prefix for each sortable
# type, but even then the search end wouldn't know what to sort on when
# searching. Also, if they're indexed as "COLLAPSE", the value must be
# stored in the right format for the type "SORTABLE".
if action == FieldActions.SORTABLE or action == FieldActions.COLLAPSE:
if action == FieldActions.COLLAPSE:
sorttype = None
else:
try:
sorttype = kwargs['type']
except KeyError:
sorttype = 'string'
kwargs['type'] = sorttype
action = FieldActions.SORT_AND_COLLAPSE
try:
oldsortactions = self._actions[FieldActions.SORT_AND_COLLAPSE]
except KeyError:
oldsortactions = ()
if len(oldsortactions) > 0:
for oldsortaction in oldsortactions:
oldsorttype = oldsortaction['type']
if sorttype == oldsorttype or oldsorttype is None:
# Use new type
self._actions[action] = []
elif sorttype is None:
# Use old type
return
else:
raise errors.IndexerError("Field %r is already marked for "
"sorting, with a different "
"sort type" % self._fieldname)
if 'prefix' in info[3]:
field_mappings.add_prefix(self._fieldname)
if 'slot' in info[3]:
purposes = info[3]['slot']
if isinstance(purposes, basestring):
field_mappings.add_slot(self._fieldname, purposes)
else:
slotnum = None
for purpose in purposes:
slotnum = field_mappings.get_slot(self._fieldname, purpose)
if slotnum is not None:
break
for purpose in purposes:
field_mappings.add_slot(self._fieldname, purpose, slotnum=slotnum)
# Make an entry for the action
if action not in self._actions:
self._actions[action] = []
# Check for repetitions of actions
for old_action in self._actions[action]:
if old_action == kwargs:
return
# Append the action to the list of actions
self._actions[action].append(kwargs)
def perform(self, doc, value, context):
"""Perform the actions on the field.
- `doc` is a ProcessedDocument to store the result of the actions in.
- `value` is a string holding the value of the field.
- `context` is an ActionContext object used to keep state in.
"""
for type, actionlist in self._actions.iteritems():
info = self._action_info[type]
for kwargs in actionlist:
info[2](self._fieldname, doc, value, context, **kwargs)
_action_info = {
STORE_CONTENT: ('STORE_CONTENT', (), _act_store_content, {}, ),
INDEX_EXACT: ('INDEX_EXACT', (), _act_index_exact, {'prefix': True}, ),
INDEX_FREETEXT: ('INDEX_FREETEXT', ('weight', 'language', 'stop', 'spell', 'nopos', 'allow_field_specific', 'search_by_default', ),
_act_index_freetext, {'prefix': True, }, ),
SORTABLE: ('SORTABLE', ('type', ), None, {'slot': 'collsort',}, ),
COLLAPSE: ('COLLAPSE', (), None, {'slot': 'collsort',}, ),
TAG: ('TAG', (), _act_tag, {'prefix': True,}, ),
FACET: ('FACET', ('type', ), _act_facet, {'prefix': True, 'slot': 'facet',}, ),
SORT_AND_COLLAPSE: ('SORT_AND_COLLAPSE', ('type', ), _act_sort_and_collapse, {'slot': 'collsort',}, ),
}
if __name__ == '__main__':
import doctest, sys
doctest.testmod (sys.modules[__name__])
xappy-0.5/xappy/fieldmappings.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000012624 10667526666 016717 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
r"""fieldmappings.py: Mappings from field names to term prefixes, etc.
"""
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
import cPickle as _cPickle
class FieldMappings(object):
"""Mappings from field names to term prefixes, slot values, etc.
The following mappings are maintained:
- a mapping from field name to the string prefix to insert at the start of
terms.
- a mapping from field name to the slot numbers to store the field contents
in.
"""
__slots__ = '_prefixes', '_prefixcount', '_slots', '_slotcount',
def __init__(self, serialised=None):
"""Create a new field mapping object, or unserialise a saved one.
"""
if serialised is not None:
(self._prefixes, self._prefixcount,
self._slots, self._slotcount) = _cPickle.loads(serialised)
else:
self._prefixes = {}
self._prefixcount = 0
self._slots = {}
self._slotcount = 0
def _genPrefix(self):
"""Generate a previously unused prefix.
Prefixes are uppercase letters, and start with 'X' (this is a Xapian
convention, for compatibility with other Xapian tools: other starting
letters are reserved for special meanings):
>>> maps = FieldMappings()
>>> maps._genPrefix()
'XA'
>>> maps._genPrefix()
'XB'
>>> [maps._genPrefix() for i in xrange(60)]
['XC', 'XD', 'XE', 'XF', 'XG', 'XH', 'XI', 'XJ', 'XK', 'XL', 'XM', 'XN', 'XO', 'XP', 'XQ', 'XR', 'XS', 'XT', 'XU', 'XV', 'XW', 'XX', 'XY', 'XZ', 'XAA', 'XBA', 'XCA', 'XDA', 'XEA', 'XFA', 'XGA', 'XHA', 'XIA', 'XJA', 'XKA', 'XLA', 'XMA', 'XNA', 'XOA', 'XPA', 'XQA', 'XRA', 'XSA', 'XTA', 'XUA', 'XVA', 'XWA', 'XXA', 'XYA', 'XZA', 'XAB', 'XBB', 'XCB', 'XDB', 'XEB', 'XFB', 'XGB', 'XHB', 'XIB', 'XJB']
>>> maps = FieldMappings()
>>> [maps._genPrefix() for i in xrange(27*26 + 5)][-10:]
['XVZ', 'XWZ', 'XXZ', 'XYZ', 'XZZ', 'XAAA', 'XBAA', 'XCAA', 'XDAA', 'XEAA']
"""
res = []
self._prefixcount += 1
num = self._prefixcount
while num != 0:
ch = (num - 1) % 26
res.append(chr(ch + ord('A')))
num -= ch
num = num // 26
return 'X' + ''.join(res)
def get_fieldname_from_prefix(self, prefix):
"""Get a fieldname from a prefix.
If the prefix is not found, return None.
"""
for key, val in self._prefixes.iteritems():
if val == prefix:
return key
return None
def get_prefix(self, fieldname):
"""Get the prefix used for a given field name.
"""
return self._prefixes[fieldname]
def get_slot(self, fieldname, purpose):
"""Get the slot number used for a given field name and purpose.
"""
return self._slots[(fieldname, purpose)]
def add_prefix(self, fieldname):
"""Allocate a prefix for the given field.
If a prefix is already allocated for this field, this has no effect.
"""
if fieldname in self._prefixes:
return
self._prefixes[fieldname] = self._genPrefix()
def add_slot(self, fieldname, purpose, slotnum=None):
"""Allocate a slot number for the given field and purpose.
If a slot number is already allocated for this field and purpose, this
has no effect.
Returns the slot number allocated for the field and purpose (whether
newly allocated, or previously allocated).
If `slotnum` is supplied, the number contained in it is used to
allocate the new slot, instead of allocating a new number. No checks
will be made to ensure that the slot number doesn't collide with
existing (or later allocated) numbers: the main purpose of this
parameter is to share allocations - ie, to collide deliberately.
"""
try:
return self._slots[(fieldname, purpose)]
except KeyError:
pass
if slotnum is None:
self._slots[(fieldname, purpose)] = self._slotcount
self._slotcount += 1
return self._slotcount - 1
else:
self._slots[(fieldname, purpose)] = slotnum
return slotnum
def serialise(self):
"""Serialise the field mappings to a string.
This can be unserialised by passing the result of this method to the
constructor of a new FieldMappings object.
"""
return _cPickle.dumps((self._prefixes,
self._prefixcount,
self._slots,
self._slotcount,
), 2)
xappy-0.5/xappy/fieldmappings_doctest1.txt 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000000273 10653377546 020705 0 ustar richard richard
Test basic workings of the FieldMappings.
>>> maps = FieldMappings()
>>> maps.get_fieldname_from_prefix('XA')
>>> maps.add_prefix('foo')
>>> maps.get_fieldname_from_prefix('XA')
'foo'
xappy-0.5/xappy/highlight.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000024105 10725764413 016026 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
r"""highlight.py: Highlight and summarise text.
"""
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
import re
import xapian
class Highlighter(object):
"""Class for highlighting text and creating contextual summaries.
>>> hl = Highlighter("en")
>>> hl.makeSample('Hello world.', ['world'])
'Hello world.'
>>> hl.highlight('Hello world', ['world'], ('<', '>'))
'Hello '
"""
# split string into words, spaces, punctuation and markup tags
_split_re = re.compile(r'<\w+[^>]*>||[\w\']+|\s+|[^\w\'\s<>/]+')
def __init__(self, language_code='en', stemmer=None):
"""Create a new highlighter for the specified language.
"""
if stemmer is not None:
self.stem = stemmer
else:
self.stem = xapian.Stem(language_code)
def _split_text(self, text, strip_tags=False):
"""Split some text into words and non-words.
- `text` is the text to process. It may be a unicode object or a utf-8
encoded simple string.
- `strip_tags` is a flag - False to keep tags, True to strip all tags
from the output.
Returns a list of utf-8 encoded simple strings.
"""
if isinstance(text, unicode):
text = text.encode('utf-8')
words = self._split_re.findall(text)
if strip_tags:
return [w for w in words if w[0] != '<']
else:
return words
def _strip_prefix(self, term):
"""Strip the prefix off a term.
Prefixes are any initial capital letters, with the exception that R always
ends a prefix, even if followed by capital letters.
>>> hl = Highlighter("en")
>>> print hl._strip_prefix('hello')
hello
>>> print hl._strip_prefix('Rhello')
hello
>>> print hl._strip_prefix('XARHello')
Hello
>>> print hl._strip_prefix('XAhello')
hello
>>> print hl._strip_prefix('XAh')
h
>>> print hl._strip_prefix('XA')
"""
for p in xrange(len(term)):
if term[p].islower():
return term[p:]
elif term[p] == 'R':
return term[p+1:]
return ''
def _query_to_stemmed_words(self, query):
"""Convert a query to a list of stemmed words.
- `query` is the query to parse: it may be xapian.Query object, or a
sequence of terms.
"""
if isinstance(query, xapian.Query):
return [self._strip_prefix(t) for t in query]
else:
return [self.stem(q.lower()) for q in query]
def makeSample(self, text, query, maxlen=600, hl=None):
"""Make a contextual summary from the supplied text.
This basically works by splitting the text into phrases, counting the query
terms in each, and keeping those with the most.
Any markup tags in the text will be stripped.
`text` is the source text to summarise.
`query` is either a Xapian query object or a list of (unstemmed) term strings.
`maxlen` is the maximum length of the generated summary.
`hl` is a pair of strings to insert around highlighted terms, e.g. ('', ' ')
"""
# coerce maxlen into an int, otherwise truncation doesn't happen
maxlen = int(maxlen)
words = self._split_text(text, True)
terms = self._query_to_stemmed_words(query)
# build blocks delimited by puncuation, and count matching words in each block
# blocks[n] is a block [firstword, endword, charcount, termcount, selected]
blocks = []
start = end = count = blockchars = 0
while end < len(words):
blockchars += len(words[end])
if words[end].isalnum():
if self.stem(words[end].lower()) in terms:
count += 1
end += 1
elif words[end] in ',.;:?!\n':
end += 1
blocks.append([start, end, blockchars, count, False])
start = end
blockchars = 0
count = 0
else:
end += 1
if start != end:
blocks.append([start, end, blockchars, count, False])
if len(blocks) == 0:
return ''
# select high-scoring blocks first, down to zero-scoring
chars = 0
for count in xrange(3, -1, -1):
for b in blocks:
if b[3] >= count:
b[4] = True
chars += b[2]
if chars >= maxlen: break
if chars >= maxlen: break
# assemble summary
words2 = []
lastblock = -1
for i, b in enumerate(blocks):
if b[4]:
if i != lastblock + 1:
words2.append('..')
words2.extend(words[b[0]:b[1]])
lastblock = i
if not blocks[-1][4]:
words2.append('..')
# trim down to maxlen
l = 0
for i in xrange (len (words2)):
l += len (words2[i])
if l >= maxlen:
words2[i:] = ['..']
break
if hl is None:
return ''.join(words2)
else:
return self._hl(words2, terms, hl)
def highlight(self, text, query, hl, strip_tags=False):
"""Add highlights (string prefix/postfix) to a string.
`text` is the source to highlight.
`query` is either a Xapian query object or a list of (unstemmed) term strings.
`hl` is a pair of highlight strings, e.g. ('', ' ')
`strip_tags` strips HTML markout iff True
>>> hl = Highlighter()
>>> qp = xapian.QueryParser()
>>> q = qp.parse_query('cat dog')
>>> tags = ('[[', ']]')
>>> hl.highlight('The cat went Dogging; but was dog tired .', q, tags)
'The [[cat]] went [[Dogging]]; but was [[dog]] tired .'
"""
words = self._split_text(text, strip_tags)
terms = self._query_to_stemmed_words(query)
return self._hl(words, terms, hl)
def _hl(self, words, terms, hl):
"""Add highlights to a list of words.
`words` is the list of words and non-words to be highlighted..
`terms` is the list of stemmed words to look for.
"""
for i, w in enumerate(words):
# HACK - more forgiving about stemmed terms
wl = w.lower()
if wl in terms or self.stem (wl) in terms:
words[i] = ''.join((hl[0], w, hl[1]))
return ''.join(words)
__test__ = {
'no_punc': r'''
Test the highlighter's behaviour when there is no punctuation in the sample
text (regression test - used to return no output):
>>> hl = Highlighter("en")
>>> hl.makeSample('Hello world', ['world'])
'Hello world'
''',
'stem_levels': r'''
Test highlighting of words, and how it works with stemming:
>>> hl = Highlighter("en")
# "word" and "wording" stem to "word", so the following 4 calls all return
# the same thing
>>> hl.makeSample('Hello. word. wording. wordinging.', ['word'], hl='<>')
'Hello. . . wordinging.'
>>> hl.highlight('Hello. word. wording. wordinging.', ['word'], '<>')
'Hello. . . wordinging.'
>>> hl.makeSample('Hello. word. wording. wordinging.', ['wording'], hl='<>')
'Hello. . . wordinging.'
>>> hl.highlight('Hello. word. wording. wordinging.', ['wording'], '<>')
'Hello. . . wordinging.'
# "wordinging" stems to "wording", so only the last two words are
# highlighted for this one.
>>> hl.makeSample('Hello. word. wording. wordinging.', ['wordinging'], hl='<>')
'Hello. word. . .'
>>> hl.highlight('Hello. word. wording. wordinging.', ['wordinging'], '<>')
'Hello. word. . .'
''',
'supplied_stemmer': r'''
Test behaviour if we pass in our own stemmer:
>>> stem = xapian.Stem('en')
>>> hl = Highlighter(stemmer=stem)
>>> hl.highlight('Hello. word. wording. wordinging.', ['word'], '<>')
'Hello. . . wordinging.'
''',
'unicode': r'''
Test behaviour if we pass in unicode input:
>>> hl = Highlighter('en')
>>> hl.highlight(u'Hello\xf3. word. wording. wordinging.', ['word'], '<>')
'Hello\xc3\xb3. . . wordinging.'
''',
'no_sample': r'''
Test behaviour if we pass in unicode input:
>>> hl = Highlighter('en')
>>> hl.makeSample(u'', ['word'])
''
''',
'short_samples': r'''
>>> hl = Highlighter('en')
>>> hl.makeSample("A boring start. Hello world indeed. A boring end.", ['hello'], 20, ('<', '>'))
'.. world ..'
>>> hl.makeSample("A boring start. Hello world indeed. A boring end.", ['hello'], 40, ('<', '>'))
'A boring start. world indeed...'
>>> hl.makeSample("A boring start. Hello world indeed. A boring end.", ['boring'], 40, ('<', '>'))
'A start... A end.'
''',
'apostrophes': r'''
>>> hl = Highlighter('en')
>>> hl.makeSample("A boring start. Hello world's indeed. A boring end.", ['world'], 40, ('<', '>'))
"A boring start. Hello indeed..."
''',
}
if __name__ == '__main__':
import doctest, sys
doctest.testmod (sys.modules[__name__])
xappy-0.5/xappy/highlight_doctest1.txt 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000021246 10725765213 020025 0 ustar richard richard >>> teststr = r''''Python Tutorial Previous: 9. Classes Up: Python Tutorial Next: 11. Brief Tour of Subsections 10.1 Operating System Interface 10.2 File Wildcards 10.3 Command Line Arguments 10.4 Error Output Redirection and Program Termination 10.5 String Pattern Matching 10.6 Mathematics 10.7 Internet Access 10.8 Dates and Times 10.9 Data Compression 10.10 Performance Measurement 10.11 Quality Control 10.12 Batteries Included 10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library 10.1 Operating System Interface The os module provides dozens of functions for interacting with the operating system: >>> import os >>> os.system(\'time 0:02\') 0 >>> os.getcwd() # Return the current working directory \'C:\\\\Python25\' >>> os.chdir(\'/server/accesslogs\') Be sure to use the "import os" style instead of "from os import *". This will keep os.open() from shadowing the builtin open() function which operates much differently. The builtin dir() and help() functions are useful as interactive aids for working with large modules like os: >>> import os >>> dir(os) >>> help(os) For daily file and directory management tasks, the shutil module provides a higher level interface that is easier to use: >>> import shutil >>> shutil.copyfile(\'data.db\', \'archive.db\') >>> shutil.move(\'/build/executables\', \'installdir\') 10.2 File Wildcards The glob module provides a function for making file lists from directory wildcard searches: >>> import glob >>> glob.glob(\'*.py\') [\'primes.py\', \'random.py\', \'quote.py\'] 10.3 Command Line Arguments Common utility scripts often need to process command line arguments. These arguments are stored in the sys module\'s argv attribute as a list. For instance the following output results from running "python demo.py one two three" at the command line: >>> import sys >>> print sys.argv [\'demo.py\', \'one\', \'two\', \'three\'] The getopt module processes sys.argv using the conventions of the Unix getopt() function. More powerful and flexible command line processing is provided by the optparse module. 10.4 Error Output Redirection and Program Termination The sys module also has attributes for stdin, stdout, and stderr. The latter is useful for emitting warnings and error messages to make them visible even when stdout has been redirected: >>> sys.stderr.write(\'Warning, log file not found starting a new one\\n\') Warning, log file not found starting a new one The most direct way to terminate a script is to use "sys.exit()". 10.5 String Pattern Matching The re module provides regular expression tools for advanced string processing. For complex matching and manipulation, regular expressions offer succinct, optimized solutions: >>> import re >>> re.findall(r\'\\bf[a-z]*\', \'which foot or hand fell fastest\') [\'foot\', \'fell\', \'fastest\'] >>> re.sub(r\'(\\b[a-z]+) \\1\', r\'\\1\', \'cat in the the hat\') \'cat in the hat\' When only simple capabilities are needed, string methods are preferred because they are easier to read and debug: >>> \'tea for too\'.replace(\'too\', \'two\') \'tea for two\' 10.6 Mathematics The math module gives access to the underlying C library functions for floating point math: >>> import math >>> math.cos(math.pi / 4.0) 0.70710678118654757 >>> math.log(1024, 2) 10.0 The random module provides tools for making random selections: >>> import random >>> random.choice([\'apple\', \'pear\', \'banana\']) \'apple\' >>> random.sample(xrange(100), 10) # sampling without replacement [30, 83, 16, 4, 8, 81, 41, 50, 18, 33] >>> random.random() # random float 0.17970987693706186 >>> random.randrange(6) # random integer chosen from range(6) 4 10.7 Internet Access There are a number of modules for accessing the internet and processing internet protocols. Two of the simplest are urllib2 for retrieving data from urls and smtplib for sending mail: >>> import urllib2 >>> for line in urllib2.urlopen(\'http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/timer.pl\'): ... if \'EST\' in line or \'EDT\' in line: # look for Eastern Time ... print line ', ' '))
xappy-0.5/xappy/indexerconnection.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000076070 11005453337 017575 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
r"""indexerconnection.py: A connection to the search engine for indexing.
"""
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
import _checkxapian
import cPickle
import xapian
from datastructures import *
import errors
from fieldactions import *
import fieldmappings
import memutils
from replaylog import log
class IndexerConnection(object):
"""A connection to the search engine for indexing.
"""
def __init__(self, indexpath):
"""Create a new connection to the index.
There may only be one indexer connection for a particular database open
at a given time. Therefore, if a connection to the database is already
open, this will raise a xapian.DatabaseLockError.
If the database doesn't already exist, it will be created.
"""
self._index = log(xapian.WritableDatabase, indexpath, xapian.DB_CREATE_OR_OPEN)
self._indexpath = indexpath
# Read existing actions.
self._field_actions = {}
self._field_mappings = fieldmappings.FieldMappings()
self._facet_hierarchy = {}
self._facet_query_table = {}
self._next_docid = 0
self._config_modified = False
self._load_config()
# Set management of the memory used.
# This can be removed once Xapian implements this itself.
self._mem_buffered = 0
self.set_max_mem_use()
def set_max_mem_use(self, max_mem=None, max_mem_proportion=None):
"""Set the maximum memory to use.
This call allows the amount of memory to use to buffer changes to be
set. This will affect the speed of indexing, but should not result in
other changes to the indexing.
Note: this is an approximate measure - the actual amount of memory used
max exceed the specified amount. Also, note that future versions of
xapian are likely to implement this differently, so this setting may be
entirely ignored.
The absolute amount of memory to use (in bytes) may be set by setting
max_mem. Alternatively, the proportion of the available memory may be
set by setting max_mem_proportion (this should be a value between 0 and
1).
Setting too low a value will result in excessive flushing, and very
slow indexing. Setting too high a value will result in excessive
buffering, leading to swapping, and very slow indexing.
A reasonable default for max_mem_proportion for a system which is
dedicated to indexing is probably 0.5: if other tasks are also being
performed on the system, the value should be lowered.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
if max_mem is not None and max_mem_proportion is not None:
raise errors.IndexerError("Only one of max_mem and "
"max_mem_proportion may be specified")
if max_mem is None and max_mem_proportion is None:
self._max_mem = None
if max_mem_proportion is not None:
physmem = memutils.get_physical_memory()
if physmem is not None:
max_mem = int(physmem * max_mem_proportion)
self._max_mem = max_mem
def _store_config(self):
"""Store the configuration for the database.
Currently, this stores the configuration in a file in the database
directory, so changes to it are not protected by transactions. When
support is available in xapian for storing metadata associated with
databases. this will be used instead of a file.
"""
assert self._index is not None
config_str = cPickle.dumps((
self._field_actions,
self._field_mappings.serialise(),
self._facet_hierarchy,
self._facet_query_table,
self._next_docid,
), 2)
log(self._index.set_metadata, '_xappy_config', config_str)
self._config_modified = False
def _load_config(self):
"""Load the configuration for the database.
"""
assert self._index is not None
config_str = log(self._index.get_metadata, '_xappy_config')
if len(config_str) == 0:
return
try:
(self._field_actions, mappings, self._facet_hierarchy, self._facet_query_table, self._next_docid) = cPickle.loads(config_str)
except ValueError:
# Backwards compatibility - configuration used to lack _facet_hierarchy and _facet_query_table
(self._field_actions, mappings, self._next_docid) = cPickle.loads(config_str)
self._facet_hierarchy = {}
self._facet_query_table = {}
self._field_mappings = fieldmappings.FieldMappings(mappings)
self._config_modified = False
def _allocate_id(self):
"""Allocate a new ID.
"""
while True:
idstr = "%x" % self._next_docid
self._next_docid += 1
if not self._index.term_exists('Q' + idstr):
break
self._config_modified = True
return idstr
def add_field_action(self, fieldname, fieldtype, **kwargs):
"""Add an action to be performed on a field.
Note that this change to the configuration will not be preserved on
disk until the next call to flush().
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
if fieldname in self._field_actions:
actions = self._field_actions[fieldname]
else:
actions = FieldActions(fieldname)
self._field_actions[fieldname] = actions
actions.add(self._field_mappings, fieldtype, **kwargs)
self._config_modified = True
def clear_field_actions(self, fieldname):
"""Clear all actions for the specified field.
This does not report an error if there are already no actions for the
specified field.
Note that this change to the configuration will not be preserved on
disk until the next call to flush().
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
if fieldname in self._field_actions:
del self._field_actions[fieldname]
self._config_modified = True
def get_fields_with_actions(self):
"""Get a list of field names which have actions defined.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
return self._field_actions.keys()
def process(self, document):
"""Process an UnprocessedDocument with the settings in this database.
The resulting ProcessedDocument is returned.
Note that this processing will be automatically performed if an
UnprocessedDocument is supplied to the add() or replace() methods of
IndexerConnection. This method is exposed to allow the processing to
be performed separately, which may be desirable if you wish to manually
modify the processed document before adding it to the database, or if
you want to split processing of documents from adding documents to the
database for performance reasons.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
result = ProcessedDocument(self._field_mappings)
result.id = document.id
context = ActionContext(self._index)
for field in document.fields:
try:
actions = self._field_actions[field.name]
except KeyError:
# If no actions are defined, just ignore the field.
continue
actions.perform(result, field.value, context)
return result
def _get_bytes_used_by_doc_terms(self, xapdoc):
"""Get an estimate of the bytes used by the terms in a document.
(This is a very rough estimate.)
"""
count = 0
for item in xapdoc.termlist():
# The term may also be stored in the spelling correction table, so
# double the amount used.
count += len(item.term) * 2
# Add a few more bytes for holding the wdf, and other bits and
# pieces.
count += 8
# Empirical observations indicate that about 5 times as much memory as
# the above calculation predicts is used for buffering in practice.
return count * 5
def add(self, document):
"""Add a new document to the search engine index.
If the document has a id set, and the id already exists in
the database, an exception will be raised. Use the replace() method
instead if you wish to overwrite documents.
Returns the id of the newly added document (making up a new
unique ID if no id was set).
The supplied document may be an instance of UnprocessedDocument, or an
instance of ProcessedDocument.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
if not hasattr(document, '_doc'):
# It's not a processed document.
document = self.process(document)
# Ensure that we have a id
orig_id = document.id
if orig_id is None:
id = self._allocate_id()
document.id = id
else:
id = orig_id
if self._index.term_exists('Q' + id):
raise errors.IndexerError("Document ID of document supplied to add() is not unique.")
# Add the document.
xapdoc = document.prepare()
self._index.add_document(xapdoc)
if self._max_mem is not None:
self._mem_buffered += self._get_bytes_used_by_doc_terms(xapdoc)
if self._mem_buffered > self._max_mem:
self.flush()
if id is not orig_id:
document.id = orig_id
return id
def replace(self, document):
"""Replace a document in the search engine index.
If the document does not have a id set, an exception will be
raised.
If the document has a id set, and the id does not already
exist in the database, this method will have the same effect as add().
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
if not hasattr(document, '_doc'):
# It's not a processed document.
document = self.process(document)
# Ensure that we have a id
id = document.id
if id is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("No document ID set for document supplied to replace().")
xapdoc = document.prepare()
self._index.replace_document('Q' + id, xapdoc)
if self._max_mem is not None:
self._mem_buffered += self._get_bytes_used_by_doc_terms(xapdoc)
if self._mem_buffered > self._max_mem:
self.flush()
def _make_synonym_key(self, original, field):
"""Make a synonym key (ie, the term or group of terms to store in
xapian).
"""
if field is not None:
prefix = self._field_mappings.get_prefix(field)
else:
prefix = ''
original = original.lower()
# Add the prefix to the start of each word.
return ' '.join((prefix + word for word in original.split(' ')))
def add_synonym(self, original, synonym, field=None,
original_field=None, synonym_field=None):
"""Add a synonym to the index.
- `original` is the word or words which will be synonym expanded in
searches (if multiple words are specified, each word should be
separated by a single space).
- `synonym` is a synonym for `original`.
- `field` is the field which the synonym is specific to. If no field
is specified, the synonym will be used for searches which are not
specific to any particular field.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
if original_field is None:
original_field = field
if synonym_field is None:
synonym_field = field
key = self._make_synonym_key(original, original_field)
# FIXME - this only works for exact fields which have no upper case
# characters, or single words
value = self._make_synonym_key(synonym, synonym_field)
self._index.add_synonym(key, value)
def remove_synonym(self, original, synonym, field=None):
"""Remove a synonym from the index.
- `original` is the word or words which will be synonym expanded in
searches (if multiple words are specified, each word should be
separated by a single space).
- `synonym` is a synonym for `original`.
- `field` is the field which this synonym is specific to. If no field
is specified, the synonym will be used for searches which are not
specific to any particular field.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
key = self._make_synonym_key(original, field)
self._index.remove_synonym(key, synonym.lower())
def clear_synonyms(self, original, field=None):
"""Remove all synonyms for a word (or phrase).
- `field` is the field which this synonym is specific to. If no field
is specified, the synonym will be used for searches which are not
specific to any particular field.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
key = self._make_synonym_key(original, field)
self._index.clear_synonyms(key)
def _assert_facet(self, facet):
"""Raise an error if facet is not a declared facet field.
"""
for action in self._field_actions[facet]._actions:
if action == FieldActions.FACET:
return
raise errors.IndexerError("Field %r is not indexed as a facet" % facet)
def add_subfacet(self, subfacet, facet):
"""Add a subfacet-facet relationship to the facet hierarchy.
Any existing relationship for that subfacet is replaced.
Raises a KeyError if either facet or subfacet is not a field,
and an IndexerError if either facet or subfacet is not a facet field.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
self._assert_facet(facet)
self._assert_facet(subfacet)
self._facet_hierarchy[subfacet] = facet
self._config_modified = True
def remove_subfacet(self, subfacet):
"""Remove any existing facet hierarchy relationship for a subfacet.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
if subfacet in self._facet_hierarchy:
del self._facet_hierarchy[subfacet]
self._config_modified = True
def get_subfacets(self, facet):
"""Get a list of subfacets of a facet.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
return [k for k, v in self._facet_hierarchy.iteritems() if v == facet]
FacetQueryType_Preferred = 1;
FacetQueryType_Never = 2;
def set_facet_for_query_type(self, query_type, facet, association):
"""Set the association between a query type and a facet.
The value of `association` must be one of
IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Preferred,
IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Never or None. A value of None removes
any previously set association.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
if query_type is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("Cannot set query type information for None")
self._assert_facet(facet)
if query_type not in self._facet_query_table:
self._facet_query_table[query_type] = {}
if association is None:
if facet in self._facet_query_table[query_type]:
del self._facet_query_table[query_type][facet]
else:
self._facet_query_table[query_type][facet] = association;
if self._facet_query_table[query_type] == {}:
del self._facet_query_table[query_type]
self._config_modified = True
def get_facets_for_query_type(self, query_type, association):
"""Get the set of facets associated with a query type.
Only those facets associated with the query type in the specified
manner are returned; `association` must be one of
IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Preferred or
IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Never.
If the query type has no facets associated with it, None is returned.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
if query_type not in self._facet_query_table:
return None
facet_dict = self._facet_query_table[query_type]
return set([facet for facet, assoc in facet_dict.iteritems() if assoc == association])
def set_metadata(self, key, value):
"""Set an item of metadata stored in the connection.
The value supplied will be returned by subsequent calls to
get_metadata() which use the same key.
Keys with a leading underscore are reserved for internal use - you
should not use such keys unless you really know what you are doing.
This will store the value supplied in the database. It will not be
visible to readers (ie, search connections) until after the next flush.
The key is limited to about 200 characters (the same length as a term
is limited to). The value can be several megabytes in size.
To remove an item of metadata, simply call this with a `value`
parameter containing an empty string.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
if not hasattr(self._index, 'set_metadata'):
raise errors.IndexerError("Version of xapian in use does not support metadata")
log(self._index.set_metadata, key, value)
def get_metadata(self, key):
"""Get an item of metadata stored in the connection.
This returns a value stored by a previous call to set_metadata.
If the value is not found, this will return the empty string.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
if not hasattr(self._index, 'get_metadata'):
raise errors.IndexerError("Version of xapian in use does not support metadata")
return log(self._index.get_metadata, key)
def delete(self, id):
"""Delete a document from the search engine index.
If the id does not already exist in the database, this method
will have no effect (and will not report an error).
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
self._index.delete_document('Q' + id)
def flush(self):
"""Apply recent changes to the database.
If an exception occurs, any changes since the last call to flush() may
be lost.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
if self._config_modified:
self._store_config()
self._index.flush()
self._mem_buffered = 0
def close(self):
"""Close the connection to the database.
It is important to call this method before allowing the class to be
garbage collected, because it will ensure that any un-flushed changes
will be flushed. It also ensures that the connection is cleaned up
promptly.
No other methods may be called on the connection after this has been
called. (It is permissible to call close() multiple times, but
only the first call will have any effect.)
If an exception occurs, the database will be closed, but changes since
the last call to flush may be lost.
"""
if self._index is None:
return
try:
self.flush()
finally:
# There is currently no "close()" method for xapian databases, so
# we have to rely on the garbage collector. Since we never copy
# the _index property out of this class, there should be no cycles,
# so the standard python implementation should garbage collect
# _index straight away. A close() method is planned to be added to
# xapian at some point - when it is, we should call it here to make
# the code more robust.
self._index = None
self._indexpath = None
self._field_actions = None
self._config_modified = False
def get_doccount(self):
"""Count the number of documents in the database.
This count will include documents which have been added or removed but
not yet flushed().
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
return self._index.get_doccount()
def iterids(self):
"""Get an iterator which returns all the ids in the database.
The unqiue_ids are currently returned in binary lexicographical sort
order, but this should not be relied on.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
return PrefixedTermIter('Q', self._index.allterms())
def get_document(self, id):
"""Get the document with the specified unique ID.
Raises a KeyError if there is no such document. Otherwise, it returns
a ProcessedDocument.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
postlist = self._index.postlist('Q' + id)
try:
plitem = postlist.next()
except StopIteration:
# Unique ID not found
raise KeyError('Unique ID %r not found' % id)
try:
postlist.next()
raise errors.IndexerError("Multiple documents " #pragma: no cover
"found with same unique ID")
except StopIteration:
# Only one instance of the unique ID found, as it should be.
pass
result = ProcessedDocument(self._field_mappings)
result.id = id
result._doc = self._index.get_document(plitem.docid)
return result
def iter_synonyms(self, prefix=""):
"""Get an iterator over the synonyms.
- `prefix`: if specified, only synonym keys with this prefix will be
returned.
The iterator returns 2-tuples, in which the first item is the key (ie,
a 2-tuple holding the term or terms which will be synonym expanded,
followed by the fieldname specified (or None if no fieldname)), and the
second item is a tuple of strings holding the synonyms for the first
item.
These return values are suitable for the dict() builtin, so you can
write things like:
>>> conn = IndexerConnection('foo')
>>> conn.add_synonym('foo', 'bar')
>>> conn.add_synonym('foo bar', 'baz')
>>> conn.add_synonym('foo bar', 'foo baz')
>>> dict(conn.iter_synonyms())
{('foo', None): ('bar',), ('foo bar', None): ('baz', 'foo baz')}
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
return SynonymIter(self._index, self._field_mappings, prefix)
def iter_subfacets(self):
"""Get an iterator over the facet hierarchy.
The iterator returns 2-tuples, in which the first item is the
subfacet and the second item is its parent facet.
The return values are suitable for the dict() builtin, for example:
>>> conn = IndexerConnection('db')
>>> conn.add_field_action('foo', FieldActions.FACET)
>>> conn.add_field_action('bar', FieldActions.FACET)
>>> conn.add_field_action('baz', FieldActions.FACET)
>>> conn.add_subfacet('foo', 'bar')
>>> conn.add_subfacet('baz', 'bar')
>>> dict(conn.iter_subfacets())
{'foo': 'bar', 'baz': 'bar'}
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
if 'facets' in _checkxapian.missing_features:
raise errors.IndexerError("Facets unsupported with this release of xapian")
return self._facet_hierarchy.iteritems()
def iter_facet_query_types(self, association):
"""Get an iterator over query types and their associated facets.
Only facets associated with the query types in the specified manner
are returned; `association` must be one of IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Preferred
or IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Never.
The iterator returns 2-tuples, in which the first item is the query
type and the second item is the associated set of facets.
The return values are suitable for the dict() builtin, for example:
>>> conn = IndexerConnection('db')
>>> conn.add_field_action('foo', FieldActions.FACET)
>>> conn.add_field_action('bar', FieldActions.FACET)
>>> conn.add_field_action('baz', FieldActions.FACET)
>>> conn.set_facet_for_query_type('type1', 'foo', conn.FacetQueryType_Preferred)
>>> conn.set_facet_for_query_type('type1', 'bar', conn.FacetQueryType_Never)
>>> conn.set_facet_for_query_type('type1', 'baz', conn.FacetQueryType_Never)
>>> conn.set_facet_for_query_type('type2', 'bar', conn.FacetQueryType_Preferred)
>>> dict(conn.iter_facet_query_types(conn.FacetQueryType_Preferred))
{'type1': set(['foo']), 'type2': set(['bar'])}
>>> dict(conn.iter_facet_query_types(conn.FacetQueryType_Never))
{'type1': set(['bar', 'baz'])}
"""
if self._index is None:
raise errors.IndexerError("IndexerConnection has been closed")
if 'facets' in _checkxapian.missing_features:
raise errors.IndexerError("Facets unsupported with this release of xapian")
return FacetQueryTypeIter(self._facet_query_table, association)
class PrefixedTermIter(object):
"""Iterate through all the terms with a given prefix.
"""
def __init__(self, prefix, termiter):
"""Initialise the prefixed term iterator.
- `prefix` is the prefix to return terms for.
- `termiter` is a xapian TermIterator, which should be at its start.
"""
# The algorithm used in next() currently only works for single
# character prefixes, so assert that the prefix is single character.
# To deal with multicharacter prefixes, we need to check for terms
# which have a starting prefix equal to that given, but then have a
# following uppercase alphabetic character, indicating that the actual
# prefix is longer than the target prefix. We then need to skip over
# these. Not too hard to implement, but we don't need it yet.
assert(len(prefix) == 1)
self._started = False
self._prefix = prefix
self._prefixlen = len(prefix)
self._termiter = termiter
def __iter__(self):
return self
def next(self):
"""Get the next term with the specified prefix.
"""
if not self._started:
term = self._termiter.skip_to(self._prefix).term
self._started = True
else:
term = self._termiter.next().term
if len(term) < self._prefixlen or term[:self._prefixlen] != self._prefix:
raise StopIteration
return term[self._prefixlen:]
class SynonymIter(object):
"""Iterate through a list of synonyms.
"""
def __init__(self, index, field_mappings, prefix):
"""Initialise the synonym iterator.
- `index` is the index to get the synonyms from.
- `field_mappings` is the FieldMappings object for the iterator.
- `prefix` is the prefix to restrict the returned synonyms to.
"""
self._index = index
self._field_mappings = field_mappings
self._syniter = self._index.synonym_keys(prefix)
def __iter__(self):
return self
def next(self):
"""Get the next synonym.
"""
synkey = self._syniter.next()
pos = 0
for char in synkey:
if char.isupper(): pos += 1
else: break
if pos == 0:
fieldname = None
terms = synkey
else:
prefix = synkey[:pos]
fieldname = self._field_mappings.get_fieldname_from_prefix(prefix)
terms = ' '.join((term[pos:] for term in synkey.split(' ')))
synval = tuple(self._index.synonyms(synkey))
return ((terms, fieldname), synval)
class FacetQueryTypeIter(object):
"""Iterate through all the query types and their associated facets.
"""
def __init__(self, facet_query_table, association):
"""Initialise the query type facet iterator.
Only facets associated with each query type in the specified
manner are returned (`association` must be one of
IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Preferred or
IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Never).
"""
self._table_iter = facet_query_table.iteritems()
self._association = association
def __iter__(self):
return self
def next(self):
"""Get the next (query type, facet set) 2-tuple.
"""
query_type, facet_dict = self._table_iter.next()
facet_list = [facet for facet, association in facet_dict.iteritems() if association == self._association]
if len(facet_list) == 0:
return self.next()
return (query_type, set(facet_list))
if __name__ == '__main__':
import doctest, sys
doctest.testmod (sys.modules[__name__])
xappy-0.5/xappy/indexerconnection_doctest1.txt 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000016054 10722552030 021561 0 ustar richard richard
>>> from datastructures import *
>>> from fieldactions import *
Open a connection for indexing:
>>> conn = IndexerConnection('foo')
There can only be one IndexerConnection in existence for a given path at a
time:
>>> conn = IndexerConnection('foo') #doctest:+ELLIPSIS
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
DatabaseLockError: Unable to acquire database write lock on foo...
We should have no documents in the database yet:
>>> conn.get_doccount()
0
Add some field actions to the database:
>>> conn.add_field_action('author', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> conn.add_field_action('author', FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT)
>>> conn.add_field_action('title', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT)
We can't index as both EXACT and FREETEXT:
>>> conn.add_field_action('author', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, weight=5, language='en')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: Field 'author' is already marked for indexing as exact text: cannot mark for indexing as free text as well
>>> conn.add_field_action('title', FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: Field 'title' is already marked for indexing as free text: cannot mark for indexing as exact text as well
We can add multiple STORE_CONTENT actions though (subsequent ones have no
further effect).
>>> conn.add_field_action('author', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
Field actions are checked for basic validity:
>>> conn.add_field_action('author', None)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: Unknown field action: None
>>> conn.add_field_action('author', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT, foo=1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: Unknown parameter name for action 'STORE_CONTENT': 'foo'
We can ensure there are no actions for a given field by using
clear_field_actions():
>>> conn.clear_field_actions('title')
This doesn't complain even if we've never mentioned the field before:
>>> conn.clear_field_actions('foo')
Then we can add a field action back again:
>>> conn.add_field_action('title', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, weight=10, language='en')
We have to wipe out any old actions on the field to change the actions:
>>> conn.clear_field_actions('author')
>>> conn.add_field_action('author', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> conn.add_field_action('author', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, weight=5, language='en')
>>> conn.clear_field_actions('title')
>>> conn.add_field_action('title', FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT)
We should have no documents in the database yet:
>>> conn.get_doccount()
0
Build up a document:
>>> doc = UnprocessedDocument()
We can add field instances. Multiple instances of a field are valid.
>>> doc.fields.append(Field('author', 'Richard Boulton'))
>>> doc.fields.append(Field('author', 'Charlie Hull'))
>>> doc.fields.append(Field('title', 'Test document'))
We can get a vaguely pretty display of the contents of an
UnprocessedDocument():
>>> print doc
UnprocessedDocument(None, [Field('author', 'Richard Boulton'), Field('author', 'Charlie Hull'), Field('title', 'Test document')])
We can process a document explicitly, if we want to.
>>> pdoc = conn.process(doc)
Only the "author" field appears in the output, because only it was given the
action STORE_CONTENT.
>>> pdoc.data
{'author': ['Richard Boulton', 'Charlie Hull']}
We can access the xapian document representation of the processed document:
>>> xdoc = pdoc.prepare()
>>> import cPickle
>>> cPickle.loads(xdoc.get_data())
{'author': ['Richard Boulton', 'Charlie Hull']}
>>> [(term.term, term.wdf, [pos for pos in term.positer]) for term in xdoc.termlist()]
[('XAboulton', 5, [2]), ('XAcharlie', 5, [13]), ('XAhull', 5, [14]), ('XArichard', 5, [1]), ('XB:Test document', 0, []), ('ZXAboulton', 5, []), ('ZXAcharli', 5, []), ('ZXAhull', 5, []), ('ZXArichard', 5, []), ('Zboulton', 5, []), ('Zcharli', 5, []), ('Zhull', 5, []), ('Zrichard', 5, []), ('boulton', 5, [2]), ('charlie', 5, [13]), ('hull', 5, [14]), ('richard', 5, [1])]
Adding the same document multiple times is fine if it doesn't have an id
assigned to it: a new ID will be allocated for each addition:
>>> conn.add(doc)
'0'
>>> conn.add(doc)
'1'
>>> conn.add(doc)
'2'
>>> conn.get_doccount()
3
We can set the unique ID ourselves, if we want:
>>> print repr(doc.id)
None
>>> doc.id = '4'
>>> print repr(doc.id)
'4'
>>> conn.add(doc)
'4'
>>> conn.get_doccount()
4
If we try adding a document with a unique ID which already exists we get an
error:
>>> doc.id = '1'
>>> print repr(doc.id)
'1'
>>> conn.add(doc)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: Document ID of document supplied to add() is not unique.
>>> conn.get_doccount()
4
If we remove the id, it works again:
>>> doc.id = None
>>> print repr(doc.id)
None
>>> conn.add(doc)
'3'
>>> conn.get_doccount()
5
But it skips ID 4 because we manually added a document with that ID.
>>> conn.add(doc)
'5'
>>> conn.get_doccount()
6
Unique IDs don't have to be numbers: we can set them to anything we like.
>>> doc.id = 'SuperFoo'
>>> print repr(doc.id)
'SuperFoo'
>>> conn.add(doc)
'SuperFoo'
>>> conn.get_doccount()
7
We can delete documents by specifying the unique ID.
>>> conn.delete('5')
>>> conn.get_doccount()
6
Finally, we have to flush to apply the changes:
>>> conn.flush()
We can add more documents after the flush:
>>> doc.id = None
>>> conn.add(doc)
'6'
>>> conn.get_doccount()
7
We can add fields which don't have any configuration. These will be ignored.
>>> doc.fields.append(Field('text', 'Some boring text'))
>>> conn.add(doc)
'7'
>>> conn.get_doccount()
8
We can also supply fields as an iterator instead of a list:
>>> fieldlist = [Field('author', 'Richard Boulton')]
>>> doc.fields = iter(fieldlist)
>>> conn.add(doc)
'8'
>>> conn.get_doccount()
9
Calling close() will automatically call flush(), too:
>>> conn.close()
After calling close(), no other methods are valid:
>>> conn.add_field_action('title', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, weight=10, language='en')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: IndexerConnection has been closed
>>> conn.clear_field_actions('author')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: IndexerConnection has been closed
>>> conn.process(doc)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: IndexerConnection has been closed
>>> conn.add(doc)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: IndexerConnection has been closed
>>> conn.replace(doc)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: IndexerConnection has been closed
>>> conn.delete('1')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: IndexerConnection has been closed
>>> conn.flush()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: IndexerConnection has been closed
>>> conn.get_doccount()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: IndexerConnection has been closed
>>> conn.iterids()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: IndexerConnection has been closed
>>> conn.get_document('1')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: IndexerConnection has been closed
But calling close() multiple times is okay:
>>> conn.close()
Now that we've closed the connection, we can open a new one:
>>> conn = IndexerConnection('foo')
>>> conn.get_doccount()
9
xappy-0.5/xappy/indexerconnection_doctest2.txt 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000037057 10725037616 021603 0 ustar richard richard
>>> from datastructures import *
>>> from fieldactions import *
>>> from searchconnection import *
Open a connection for indexing:
>>> iconn = IndexerConnection('foo')
We should have no documents in the database yet:
>>> iconn.get_doccount()
0
We have to wipe out any old actions on the field to change the actions:
>>> iconn.add_field_action('author', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('title', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('title', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, weight=5, language='en')
>>> iconn.add_field_action('category', FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('category', FieldActions.SORTABLE)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('category', FieldActions.COLLAPSE)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('text', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, language='en')
>>> iconn.add_field_action('other', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT)
Build up a document:
>>> doc = UnprocessedDocument()
We can add field instances. Multiple instances of a field are valid.
>>> doc.fields.append(Field('author', 'Richard Boulton'))
>>> doc.fields.append(Field('category', 'Test document'))
>>> doc.fields.append(Field('title', 'Test document 1'))
>>> doc.fields.append(Field('text', 'This document is a basic test document.'))
We can process a document explicitly, if we want to.
>>> pdoc = iconn.process(doc)
>>> pdoc.data
{'title': ['Test document 1'], 'author': ['Richard Boulton']}
We can access the Xapian document representation of the processed document to
double check that this document has been indexed as we wanted:
>>> xdoc = pdoc.prepare()
>>> import cPickle
>>> cPickle.loads(xdoc.get_data()) == pdoc.data
True
>>> [(term.term, term.wdf, [pos for pos in term.positer]) for term in xdoc.termlist()]
[('1', 5, [3]), ('XA1', 5, [3]), ('XAdocument', 5, [2]), ('XAtest', 5, [1]), ('XB:Test document', 0, []), ('XCa', 1, [17]), ('XCbasic', 1, [18]), ('XCdocument', 2, [15, 20]), ('XCis', 1, [16]), ('XCtest', 1, [19]), ('XCthis', 1, [14]), ('ZXAdocument', 5, []), ('ZXAtest', 5, []), ('ZXCa', 1, []), ('ZXCbasic', 1, []), ('ZXCdocument', 2, []), ('ZXCis', 1, []), ('ZXCtest', 1, []), ('ZXCthis', 1, []), ('Za', 1, []), ('Zbasic', 1, []), ('Zdocument', 7, []), ('Zis', 1, []), ('Ztest', 6, []), ('Zthis', 1, []), ('a', 1, [17]), ('basic', 1, [18]), ('document', 7, [2, 15, 20]), ('is', 1, [16]), ('test', 6, [1, 19]), ('this', 1, [14])]
>>> [(value.num, value.value) for value in xdoc.values()]
[(0, 'Test document')]
>>> ','.join(iconn.iterids())
''
>>> iconn.add(pdoc)
'0'
>>> sconn1 = SearchConnection('foo')
>>> ','.join(iconn.iterids())
'0'
Regression test: if we called add with a ProcessedDocument which didn't have a
unique ID, the generated ID used to get assigned to the ProcessedDocument.
This shouldn't happen.
>>> print pdoc.id
None
>>> iconn.add(pdoc)
'1'
>>> pdoc.id = 'B'
>>> iconn.add(pdoc)
'B'
>>> iconn.get_doccount()
3
Add some more documents:
>>> doc = UnprocessedDocument(fields=(Field('author', 'Charlie Hull'),
... Field('category', 'Silly Document'),
... Field('text', 'Charlie is a juggler'),
... Field('other', 'Some other content.'),
... ))
>>> iconn.add(doc)
'2'
>>> doc = UnprocessedDocument(fields=(Field('author', 'Charlie Hull'),
... Field('category', 'Juggling'),
... Field('text', '5 clubs is quite hard.'),
... ))
>>> iconn.add(doc)
'3'
>>> doc = UnprocessedDocument(fields=(Field('author', 'Charlie Hull'),
... Field('category', 'Juggling'),
... Field('text', 'Good toilets are important at juggling festivals'),
... ))
>>> iconn.add(doc)
'4'
>>> iconn.get_doccount()
6
Now, try searching it:
There's nothing in the database, because the changes haven't been flushed.
>>> sconn1.get_doccount()
0
The iconn can access the same documents before and after a flush:
>>> ','.join(iconn.iterids())
'0,1,2,3,4,B'
>>> iconn.flush()
>>> ','.join(iconn.iterids())
'0,1,2,3,4,B'
The open connection still accesses the same revision, so there are still no
documents visible:
>>> sconn1.get_doccount()
0
A new connection can see the documents, though:
>>> sconn2 = SearchConnection('foo')
>>> sconn2.get_doccount()
6
>>> doc = UnprocessedDocument(fields=(Field('author', 'Richard Boulton'),
... Field('category', 'Gardening'),
... Field('text', 'Clematis grows very fast, and may smother other plants'),
... ))
>>> iconn.add(doc)
'5'
>>> iconn.get_doccount()
7
The current search connection can't see the new document:
>>> sconn2.get_doccount()
6
After a flush, the old connections still can't see the new document:
>>> iconn.flush()
>>> sconn1.get_doccount()
0
>>> sconn2.get_doccount()
6
A new connection can see the new document:
>>> sconn3 = SearchConnection('foo')
>>> sconn3.get_doccount()
7
Let's try deleting a document:
>>> iconn.delete('5')
>>> iconn.get_doccount()
6
After a flush, a new connection can see the change:
>>> iconn.flush()
>>> sconn4 = SearchConnection('foo')
>>> sconn1.get_doccount()
0
>>> sconn2.get_doccount()
6
>>> sconn3.get_doccount()
7
>>> sconn4.get_doccount()
6
If we reopen the connection, we can see the latest changes:
>>> sconn1.reopen()
>>> sconn1.get_doccount()
6
We can parse some
>>> str(sconn4.query_parse('test'))
'Xapian::Query((Ztest:(pos=1) AND_MAYBE test:(pos=1)))'
>>> str(sconn4.query_parse('title:test'))
'Xapian::Query((ZXAtest:(pos=1) AND_MAYBE XAtest:(pos=1)))'
>>> str(sconn4.query_parse('title:Test'))
'Xapian::Query((XAtest:(pos=1) AND_MAYBE XAtest:(pos=1)))'
Xapian needs a patch to support exact prefixes. When this is applied, the
following test will pass.
>> str(sconn4.query_parse('title:Test category:Te/st'))
'Xapian::Query((XAtest:(pos=1) AND XB:Te/st:(pos=2)))'
For now, the output is approximately right, and good enough to be going on
with:
>>> str(sconn4.query_parse('title:Test category:Te/st'))
'Xapian::Query(((XAtest:(pos=1) AND (XBte:(pos=2) PHRASE 2 XBst:(pos=3))) AND_MAYBE (XAtest:(pos=1) AND (XBte:(pos=2) PHRASE 2 XBst:(pos=3)))))'
>>> q1 = sconn4.query_parse('text:(clematis)')
>>> q2 = sconn4.query_parse('title:Test')
>>> str(sconn4.query_filter(q1, q2))
'Xapian::Query(((ZXCclemati:(pos=1) AND_MAYBE XCclematis:(pos=1)) FILTER (XAtest:(pos=1) AND_MAYBE XAtest:(pos=1))))'
>>> str(sconn4.query_filter(q1, "filter"))
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: Filter must be a Xapian Query object
If we only allow a limited set of fields, other field specifications will be
considered as plain text:
>>> str(sconn4.query_parse("text:clematis title:Test"))
'Xapian::Query(((ZXCclemati:(pos=1) AND XAtest:(pos=2)) AND_MAYBE (XCclematis:(pos=1) AND XAtest:(pos=2))))'
>>> str(sconn4.query_parse("text:clematis title:Test", allow=("text",)))
'Xapian::Query(((ZXCclemati:(pos=1) AND (title:(pos=2) PHRASE 2 test:(pos=3))) AND_MAYBE (XCclematis:(pos=1) AND (title:(pos=2) PHRASE 2 test:(pos=3)))))'
>>> str(sconn4.query_parse("text:clematis title:Test", deny=("title",)))
'Xapian::Query(((ZXCclemati:(pos=1) AND (title:(pos=2) PHRASE 2 test:(pos=3))) AND_MAYBE (XCclematis:(pos=1) AND (title:(pos=2) PHRASE 2 test:(pos=3)))))'
>>> str(sconn4.query_parse("text:clematis title:Test", allow=("text",), deny=("title",)))
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: Cannot specify both `allow` and `deny` (got ('text',) and ('title',))
We can parse queries which don't specify a field explicitly, too:
>>> str(sconn4.query_parse("clematis Test"))
'Xapian::Query(((Zclemati:(pos=1) AND test:(pos=2)) AND_MAYBE (clematis:(pos=1) AND test:(pos=2))))'
We can generate a query for an individual field:
>>> str(sconn4.query_field('text', "clematis Test"))
'Xapian::Query(((ZXCclemati:(pos=1) AND XCtest:(pos=2)) AND_MAYBE (XCclematis:(pos=1) AND XCtest:(pos=2))))'
If we generate a query for a field with no language set, it won't be stemmed:
>>> str(sconn4.query_field('other', "clematis Test"))
'Xapian::Query(((XDclematis:(pos=1) AND XDtest:(pos=2)) AND_MAYBE (XDclematis:(pos=1) AND XDtest:(pos=2))))'
If the field is an exact text field, the query will contain a single term:
>>> str(sconn4.query_field('category', "Clematis Test"))
'Xapian::Query(XB:Clematis Test)'
If the field isn't known, we get an empty query:
>>> q2 = sconn4.query_field('unknown', "clematis Test")
>>> str(q2)
'Xapian::Query()'
If we filter a query with an empty query, we get another empty query:
>>> str(sconn4.query_filter(q1, q2))
'Xapian::Query()'
>>> q = sconn4.query_parse('title:Test')
>>> str(q)
'Xapian::Query((XAtest:(pos=1) AND_MAYBE XAtest:(pos=1)))'
>>> res = sconn4.search(q, 0, 10)
>>> res.matches_lower_bound
3
>>> res.matches_upper_bound
3
>>> res.matches_estimated
3
>>> res.estimate_is_exact
True
>>> res.more_matches
False
>>> str(res)
''
If we ask for fewer results, we get them:
>>> res = sconn4.search(q, 0, 2)
>>> str(res)
''
>>> res = sconn4.search(q, 0, 3)
>>> str(res)
''
Multiword queries use AND to combine terms, by default:
>>> q1 = sconn4.query_parse('text:(important plants)')
>>> str(q1)
'Xapian::Query(((ZXCimport:(pos=1) AND ZXCplant:(pos=2)) AND_MAYBE (XCimportant:(pos=1) AND XCplants:(pos=2))))'
But we can set the default operator to OR if we want:
>>> q1 = sconn4.query_parse('text:(important plants)', default_op=sconn4.OP_OR)
>>> str(q1)
'Xapian::Query(((ZXCimport:(pos=1) OR ZXCplant:(pos=2)) AND_MAYBE (XCimportant:(pos=1) OR XCplants:(pos=2))))'
We can combine queries:
>>> q2 = sconn4.query_parse('title:test')
>>> q = sconn4.query_composite(sconn4.OP_OR, (q1, q2))
>>> str(q)
'Xapian::Query((((ZXCimport:(pos=1) OR ZXCplant:(pos=2)) AND_MAYBE (XCimportant:(pos=1) OR XCplants:(pos=2))) OR (ZXAtest:(pos=1) AND_MAYBE XAtest:(pos=1))))'
>>> doc = UnprocessedDocument(fields=(Field('author', 'Richard Boulton'),
... Field('category', 'Gardening'),
... Field('text', 'Clematis grows very fast, and may smother other plants'),
... ))
>>> for i in xrange(100):
... id = iconn.add(doc)
>>> iconn.flush()
>>> sconn1.reopen()
>>> sconn2.reopen()
>>> sconn1.search(q, 0, 3)
We can perform the same search again after more modifications have been made,
and we get the same result:
>>> for i in xrange(100):
... id = iconn.add(doc)
>>> iconn.flush()
>>> results1 = sconn1.search(q, 0, 3)
>>> results1
But if further modifications have been made, the searcher has to be reopened,
so a different result set is returned.
>>> for i in xrange(100):
... id = iconn.add(doc)
>>> iconn.flush()
>>> results2 = sconn1.search(q, 0, 50)
>>> results2
We can get the details of the hit at a given rank:
>>> hit = results1.get_hit(2)
>>> hit.rank
2
>>> hit.id
'B'
>>> hit.data
{'title': ['Test document 1'], 'author': ['Richard Boulton']}
>>> str(hit)
""
>>> str(results2.get_hit(2))
""
>>> str(results2.get_hit(49))
""
We can change a document in the index, and the old result is still available:
>>> newdoc = UnprocessedDocument(fields=(Field('author', 'Fred Bloggs'),
... Field('category', 'Sleeping'),
... Field('text', 'This is different text to before'),),
... id=results2.get_hit(49).id)
>>> iconn.replace(newdoc)
(If we don't set an ID, we get an error.
>>> newdoc = UnprocessedDocument(fields=(Field('author', 'Freda Bloggs'),
... Field('category', 'Sleeping'),
... Field('text', 'This is different text to before'),))
>>> iconn.replace(newdoc)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: No document ID set for document supplied to replace().
>>> iconn.flush()
>>> str(results2.get_hit(49))
""
But on a newly reopened connection, the result is gone (note the different id):
>>> sconn2.reopen()
>>> results3 = sconn2.search(q, 0, 50)
>>> str(results3.get_hit(49))
""
We can get a list of the current document IDs
>>> print [id for id in iconn.iterids()][:10]
['0', '1', '10', '100', '101', '102', '103', '104', '105', '106']
>>> pdoc = iconn.get_document('0')
>>> print pdoc.data
{'title': ['Test document 1'], 'author': ['Richard Boulton']}
If we perform major changes on the database, the results of a search might
become unavailable:
>>> sconn1.reopen()
>>> results4 = sconn1.search(q, 0, 100)
>>> for id in iconn.iterids():
... iconn.delete(id)
>>> iconn.get_doccount()
0
>>> iconn.flush()
>>> iconn.get_doccount()
0
>>> for i in xrange(100):
... id = iconn.add(doc)
>>> iconn.flush()
>>> for i in xrange(100):
... id = iconn.add(doc)
>>> iconn.flush()
>>> for hit in results4: pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
DatabaseModifiedError: The revision being read has been discarded - you should call Xapian::Database::reopen() and retry the operation
When we're finished with the connection, we can close it to release the
resources:
>>> sconn1.close()
Repeated closing is okay:
>>> sconn1.close()
After closing, no other methods should be called:
>>> sconn1.reopen()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: SearchConnection has been closed
>>> sconn1.get_doccount()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: SearchConnection has been closed
>>> sconn1.query_composite(sconn1.OP_AND, 'foo')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: SearchConnection has been closed
>>> sconn1.query_filter(q, q)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: SearchConnection has been closed
>>> sconn1.query_range('date', '19991212', '20000101')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: SearchConnection has been closed
>>> sconn1.query_parse('hello')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: SearchConnection has been closed
>>> sconn1.query_field('author', 'richard')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: SearchConnection has been closed
>>> sconn1.query_facet('author', 'richard')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: SearchConnection has been closed
>>> sconn1.search(q, 0, 10)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: SearchConnection has been closed
>>> sconn1.get_document('1')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: SearchConnection has been closed
But calling close() multiple times is okay:
>>> sconn1.close()
xappy-0.5/xappy/indexerconnection_doctest3.txt 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000011627 10667526666 021614 0 ustar richard richard
>>> from datastructures import *
>>> from fieldactions import *
>>> from searchconnection import *
Open a connection for indexing:
>>> iconn = IndexerConnection('foo')
We have to wipe out any old actions on the field to change the actions:
>>> iconn.add_field_action('author', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('title', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('title', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, weight=5, language='en', nopos=True)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('category', FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('category', FieldActions.SORTABLE)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('category', FieldActions.COLLAPSE)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('text', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, language='en')
>>> iconn.add_field_action('other', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('date', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('date', FieldActions.SORTABLE, type='date')
>>> iconn.add_field_action('date', FieldActions.COLLAPSE)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('price', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('price', FieldActions.SORTABLE, type='float')
>>> iconn.add_field_action('price', FieldActions.COLLAPSE)
Build up a document:
>>> doc = UnprocessedDocument()
>>> doc.fields.append(Field('author', 'Richard Boulton'))
>>> doc.fields.append(Field('category', 'Test document'))
>>> doc.fields.append(Field('title', 'Test document 1'))
>>> doc.fields.append(Field('text', 'This document is a basic test document.'))
Process it:
>>> pdoc = iconn.process(doc)
>>> pdoc.data
{'title': ['Test document 1'], 'author': ['Richard Boulton']}
If we add a field which is specified as a SORTABLE date which doesn't contain
a valid date, an error will be raised when we try to process the date:
>>> doc.fields.append(Field('date', 'An invalid date - this will generate an error when processed.'))
>>> iconn.process(doc)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: Value supplied to field 'date' must be a valid date: was 'An invalid date - this will generate an error when processed.': error is 'Unrecognised date format'
If we add a field which is specified as a SORTABLE float which doesn't contain
a valid floating point number, an error will be raised when we try to process
the number:
>>> doc.fields[-1] = Field('price', 'An invalid float - this will generate an error when processed.')
>>> iconn.process(doc)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: Value supplied to field 'price' must be a valid floating point number: was 'An invalid float - this will generate an error when processed.'
We can access the Xapian document representation of the processed document to
double check that this document has been indexed as we wanted:
>>> xdoc = pdoc.prepare()
>>> import cPickle
>>> cPickle.loads(xdoc.get_data()) == pdoc.data
True
>>> [(term.term, term.wdf, [pos for pos in term.positer]) for term in xdoc.termlist()]
[('1', 5, []), ('XA1', 5, []), ('XAdocument', 5, []), ('XAtest', 5, []), ('XB:Test document', 0, []), ('XCa', 1, [14]), ('XCbasic', 1, [15]), ('XCdocument', 2, [12, 17]), ('XCis', 1, [13]), ('XCtest', 1, [16]), ('XCthis', 1, [11]), ('ZXAdocument', 5, []), ('ZXAtest', 5, []), ('ZXCa', 1, []), ('ZXCbasic', 1, []), ('ZXCdocument', 2, []), ('ZXCis', 1, []), ('ZXCtest', 1, []), ('ZXCthis', 1, []), ('Za', 1, []), ('Zbasic', 1, []), ('Zdocument', 7, []), ('Zis', 1, []), ('Ztest', 6, []), ('Zthis', 1, []), ('a', 1, [14]), ('basic', 1, [15]), ('document', 7, [12, 17]), ('is', 1, [13]), ('test', 6, [16]), ('this', 1, [11])]
>>> [(value.num, value.value) for value in xdoc.values()]
[(0, 'Test document')]
We can add terms directly to the processed document, specifying the wdf and position:
>>> pdoc.add_term('text', 'newterm1', wdfinc=17, positions=200)
>>> pdoc.add_term('text', 'newterm2', wdfinc=17, positions=(201, 202))
>>> [(term.term, term.wdf, [pos for pos in term.positer]) for term in xdoc.termlist()]
[('1', 5, []), ('XA1', 5, []), ('XAdocument', 5, []), ('XAtest', 5, []), ('XB:Test document', 0, []), ('XCa', 1, [14]), ('XCbasic', 1, [15]), ('XCdocument', 2, [12, 17]), ('XCis', 1, [13]), ('XCnewterm1', 17, [200]), ('XCnewterm2', 17, [201, 202]), ('XCtest', 1, [16]), ('XCthis', 1, [11]), ('ZXAdocument', 5, []), ('ZXAtest', 5, []), ('ZXCa', 1, []), ('ZXCbasic', 1, []), ('ZXCdocument', 2, []), ('ZXCis', 1, []), ('ZXCtest', 1, []), ('ZXCthis', 1, []), ('Za', 1, []), ('Zbasic', 1, []), ('Zdocument', 7, []), ('Zis', 1, []), ('Ztest', 6, []), ('Zthis', 1, []), ('a', 1, [14]), ('basic', 1, [15]), ('document', 7, [12, 17]), ('is', 1, [13]), ('test', 6, [16]), ('this', 1, [11])]
We can set the data directly too, as long as we set it to a dictionary:
>>> pdoc.data = {'Empty': 'nothing'}
>>> pdoc.data
{'Empty': 'nothing'}
>>> pdoc.data = None
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: Cannot set data to any type other than a dict
We can also get a representation of a processed document (though it only tells us the ID number):
>>> pdoc
xappy-0.5/xappy/marshall.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000002375 10720056673 015664 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
r"""marshall.py: Marshal values into strings
"""
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
import math
import xapian
from replaylog import log as _log
def float_to_string(value):
"""Marshall a floating point number to a string which sorts in the
appropriate manner.
"""
return _log(xapian.sortable_serialise, value)
def date_to_string(date):
"""Marshall a date to a string which sorts in the appropriate manner.
"""
return '%04d%02d%02d' % (date.year, date.month, date.day)
xappy-0.5/xappy/marshall_doctest1.txt 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000002053 10667526666 017670 0 ustar richard richard
>>> float_to_string(0)
'\x80'
>>> float_to_string(-0)
'\x80'
>>> float_to_string(2 ** -1023)
'\x8f\xe4'
>>> float_to_string(2 ** -1024)
'\x8f\xe0'
>>> float_to_string(2 ** -1074)
'\x8f\x18'
>>> float_to_string(2 ** -1075)
'\x80'
>>> float_to_string(-(2 ** -1024))
'p\x1e'
>>> float_to_string(-(2 ** -1023))
'p\x1a'
>>> float_to_string(-(2 ** -1074))
'p\xe6'
>>> float_to_string(-(2 ** -1075))
'\x80'
Check that the values in test_vals sort in the right order. And then test with their negations.
>>> pos_test_vals = (0, 2 ** -1075, 2 ** -1074, 2 ** -1023, 0.000001, 0.000002, 0.000005, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.1, 1.8, 2, 1024.5, 2 ** 1022)
>>> test_vals = [-val for val in pos_test_vals]
>>> test_vals.reverse()
>>> test_vals.extend(pos_test_vals)
>>> prev_val = test_vals[0]
>>> for val in test_vals:
... m_prev_val = float_to_string(prev_val)
... m_val = float_to_string(val)
... if val == prev_val:
... assert(m_val == m_prev_val)
... else:
... assert(val > prev_val)
... assert(m_val > m_prev_val)
... prev_val = val
xappy-0.5/xappy/marshall_doctest2.txt 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000001124 10667526666 017667 0 ustar richard richard
>>> import datetime, parsedate
>>> date_to_string(datetime.date(1999, 12, 13))
'19991213'
>>> test_date_inputs=['1066.11.05', '19700211', '19991213', '20070513']
>>> test_dates = []
>>> for date in test_date_inputs:
... test_dates.append(parsedate.date_from_string(date))
>>> prev_val = test_dates[0]
>>> for val in test_dates:
... m_prev_val = date_to_string(prev_val)
... m_val = date_to_string(val)
... if val == prev_val:
... assert(m_val == m_prev_val)
... else:
... assert(val > prev_val)
... assert(m_val > m_prev_val)
... prev_val = val
xappy-0.5/xappy/memutils.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000005216 10711360156 015707 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
r"""memutils.py: Memory handling utilities.
"""
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
import os
def _get_physical_mem_sysconf():
"""Try getting a value for the physical memory using os.sysconf().
Returns None if no value can be obtained - otherwise, returns a value in
bytes.
"""
if getattr(os, 'sysconf', None) is None:
return None
try:
pagesize = os.sysconf('SC_PAGESIZE')
except ValueError:
try:
pagesize = os.sysconf('SC_PAGE_SIZE')
except ValueError:
return None
try:
pagecount = os.sysconf('SC_PHYS_PAGES')
except ValueError:
return None
return pagesize * pagecount
def _get_physical_mem_win32():
"""Try getting a value for the physical memory using GlobalMemoryStatus.
This is a windows specific method. Returns None if no value can be
obtained (eg, not running on windows) - otherwise, returns a value in
bytes.
"""
try:
import ctypes
import ctypes.wintypes as wintypes
except ValueError:
return None
class MEMORYSTATUS(wintypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [
('dwLength', wintypes.DWORD),
('dwMemoryLoad', wintypes.DWORD),
('dwTotalPhys', wintypes.DWORD),
('dwAvailPhys', wintypes.DWORD),
('dwTotalPageFile', wintypes.DWORD),
('dwAvailPageFile', wintypes.DWORD),
('dwTotalVirtual', wintypes.DWORD),
('dwAvailVirtual', wintypes.DWORD),
]
m = MEMORYSTATUS()
wintypes.windll.kernel32.GlobalMemoryStatus(wintypes.byref(m))
return m.dwTotalPhys
def get_physical_memory():
"""Get the amount of physical memory in the system, in bytes.
If this can't be obtained, returns None.
"""
result = _get_physical_mem_sysconf()
if result is not None:
return result
return _get_physical_mem_win32()
xappy-0.5/xappy/parsedate.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000003415 10667526666 016043 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
r"""parsedate.py: Parse date strings.
"""
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
import datetime
import re
yyyymmdd_re = re.compile(r'(?P[0-9]{4})(?P[0-9]{2})(?P[0-9]{2})$')
yyyy_mm_dd_re = re.compile(r'(?P[0-9]{4})([-/.])(?P[0-9]{2})\2(?P[0-9]{2})$')
def date_from_string(value):
"""Parse a string into a date.
If the value supplied is already a date-like object (ie, has 'year',
'month' and 'day' attributes), it is returned without processing.
Supported date formats are:
- YYYYMMDD
- YYYY-MM-DD
- YYYY/MM/DD
- YYYY.MM.DD
"""
if (hasattr(value, 'year')
and hasattr(value, 'month')
and hasattr(value, 'day')):
return value
mg = yyyymmdd_re.match(value)
if mg is None:
mg = yyyy_mm_dd_re.match(value)
if mg is not None:
year, month, day = (int(i) for i in mg.group('year', 'month', 'day'))
return datetime.date(year, month, day)
raise ValueError('Unrecognised date format')
xappy-0.5/xappy/parsedate_doctest1.txt 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000002232 10667526666 020034 0 ustar richard richard General tests of the datetime module.
Dates may be supplied as YYYYMMDD:
>>> date_from_string('19990201')
datetime.date(1999, 2, 1)
>>> date_from_string('19690201')
datetime.date(1969, 2, 1)
>>> date_from_string('20000228')
datetime.date(2000, 2, 28)
>>> date_from_string('20000229')
datetime.date(2000, 2, 29)
Dates may also be supplied as YYYY-MM-DD, YYYY/MM/DD or YYYY.MM.DD:
>>> date_from_string('1999-02-01')
datetime.date(1999, 2, 1)
>>> date_from_string('1999/02/01')
datetime.date(1999, 2, 1)
>>> date_from_string('1999.02.01')
datetime.date(1999, 2, 1)
Out of range dates cause a ValueError:
>>> date_from_string('19000229')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: day is out of range for month
>>> date_from_string('20000001')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: month must be in 1..12
If we pass a datetime.date object (or something which looks similar) it is
returned unchanged:
>>> date_from_string(datetime.date(2001, 7, 11))
datetime.date(2001, 7, 11)
If we pass something unrecognisible, we get a ValueError:
>>> date_from_string('hello world')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Unrecognised date format
xappy-0.5/xappy/replaylog.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000031216 10720056673 016053 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
r"""replaylog.py: Log all xapian calls to a file, so that they can be replayed.
"""
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
import datetime
import sys
import thread
import threading
import time
import traceback
import types
import weakref
import xapian
from pprint import pprint
# The logger in use.
_replay_log = None
# True if a replay log has ever been in use since import time.
_had_replay_log = False
class NotifyingDeleteObject(object):
"""An wrapping for an object which calls a callback when its deleted.
Note that the callback will be called from a __del__ method, so shouldn't
raise any exceptions, and probably shouldn't make new references to the
object supplied to it.
"""
def __init__(self, obj, callback):
self.obj = obj
self.callback = callback
def __del__(self):
self.callback(self.obj)
class ReplayLog(object):
"""Log of xapian calls, to be replayed.
"""
def __init__(self, logpath):
"""Create a new replay log.
"""
# Mutex used to protect all access to _fd
self._fd_mutex = threading.Lock()
self._fd = file(logpath, 'wb')
# Mutex used to protect all access to members other than _fd
self._mutex = threading.Lock()
self._next_call = 1
self._next_thread = 0
self._thread_ids = {}
self._objs = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary()
self._next_num = 1
self._xapian_classes = {}
self._xapian_functions = {}
self._xapian_methods = {}
for name in dir(xapian):
item = getattr(xapian, name)
has_members = False
for membername in dir(item):
member = getattr(item, membername)
if isinstance(member, types.MethodType):
self._xapian_methods[member.im_func] = (name, membername)
has_members = True
if has_members:
self._xapian_classes[item] = name
if isinstance(item, types.BuiltinFunctionType):
self._xapian_functions[item] = name
def _get_obj_num(self, obj, maybe_new):
"""Get the number associated with an object.
If maybe_new is False, a value of 0 will be supplied if the object
hasn't already been seen. Otherwise, a new (and previously unused)
value will be allocated to the object.
The mutex should be held when this is called.
"""
try:
num = self._objs[obj]
return num.obj
except KeyError:
pass
if not maybe_new:
return 0
self._objs[obj] = NotifyingDeleteObject(self._next_num, self._obj_gone)
self._next_num += 1
return self._next_num - 1
def _is_xap_obj(self, obj):
"""Return True iff an object is an instance of a xapian object.
(Also returns true if the object is an instance of a subclass of a
xapian object.)
The mutex should be held when this is called.
"""
# Check for xapian classes.
classname = self._xapian_classes.get(type(obj), None)
if classname is not None:
return True
# Check for subclasses of xapian classes.
for classobj, classname in self._xapian_classes.iteritems():
if isinstance(obj, classobj):
return True
# Not a xapian class or subclass.
return False
def _get_xap_name(self, obj, maybe_new=False):
"""Get the name of a xapian class or method.
The mutex should be held when this is called.
"""
# Check if it's a xapian class, or subclass.
if isinstance(obj, types.TypeType):
classname = self._xapian_classes.get(obj, None)
if classname is not None:
return classname
for classobj, classname in self._xapian_classes.iteritems():
if issubclass(obj, classobj):
return "subclassof_%s" % (classname, )
return None
# Check if it's a xapian function.
if isinstance(obj, types.BuiltinFunctionType):
funcname = self._xapian_functions.get(obj, None)
if funcname is not None:
return funcname
# Check if it's a proxied object.
if isinstance(obj, LoggedProxy):
classname = self._xapian_classes.get(obj.__class__, None)
if classname is not None:
objnum = self._get_obj_num(obj, maybe_new=maybe_new)
return "%s#%d" % (classname, objnum)
# Check if it's a proxied method.
if isinstance(obj, LoggedProxyMethod):
classname, methodname = self._xapian_methods[obj.real.im_func]
objnum = self._get_obj_num(obj.proxyobj, maybe_new=maybe_new)
return "%s#%d.%s" % (classname, objnum, methodname)
# Check if it's a subclass of a xapian class. Note: this will only
# pick up subclasses, because the original classes are filtered out
# higher up.
for classobj, classname in self._xapian_classes.iteritems():
if isinstance(obj, classobj):
objnum = self._get_obj_num(obj, maybe_new=maybe_new)
return "subclassof_%s#%d" % (classname, objnum)
return None
def _log(self, msg):
self._fd_mutex.acquire()
try:
# msg = '%s,%s' % (
# datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time()).isoformat(),
# msg,
# )
self._fd.write(msg)
self._fd.flush()
finally:
self._fd_mutex.release()
def _repr_arg(self, arg):
"""Return a representation of an argument.
The mutex should be held when this is called.
"""
xapargname = self._get_xap_name(arg)
if xapargname is not None:
return xapargname
if isinstance(arg, basestring):
if isinstance(arg, unicode):
arg = arg.encode('utf-8')
return 'str(%d,%s)' % (len(arg), arg)
if isinstance(arg, long):
try:
arg = int(arg)
except OverFlowError:
pass
if isinstance(arg, long):
return 'long(%d)' % arg
if isinstance(arg, int):
return 'int(%d)' % arg
if isinstance(arg, float):
return 'float(%f)' % arg
if arg is None:
return 'None'
if hasattr(arg, '__iter__'):
seq = []
for item in arg:
seq.append(self._repr_arg(item))
return 'list(%s)' % ','.join(seq)
return 'UNKNOWN:' + str(arg)
def _repr_args(self, args):
"""Return a representation of a list of arguments.
The mutex should be held when this is called.
"""
logargs = []
for arg in args:
logargs.append(self._repr_arg(arg))
return ','.join(logargs)
def _get_call_id(self):
"""Get an ID string for a call.
The mutex should be held when this is called.
"""
call_num = self._next_call
self._next_call += 1
thread_id = thread.get_ident()
try:
thread_num = self._thread_ids[thread_id]
except KeyError:
thread_num = self._next_thread
self._thread_ids[thread_id] = thread_num
self._next_thread += 1
if thread_num is 0:
return "%s" % call_num
return "%dT%d" % (call_num, thread_num)
def log_call(self, call, *args):
"""Add a log message about a call.
Returns a number for the call, so it can be tied to a particular
result.
"""
self._mutex.acquire()
try:
logargs = self._repr_args(args)
xapobjname = self._get_xap_name(call)
call_id = self._get_call_id()
finally:
self._mutex.release()
if xapobjname is not None:
self._log("CALL%s:%s(%s)\n" % (call_id, xapobjname, logargs))
else:
self._log("CALL%s:UNKNOWN:%r(%s)\n" % (call_id, call, logargs))
return call_id
def log_except(self, (etype, value, tb), call_id):
"""Log an exception which has occurred.
"""
# No access to an members, so no need to acquire mutex.
exc = traceback.format_exception_only(etype, value)
self._log("EXCEPT%s:%s\n" % (call_id, ''.join(exc).strip()))
def log_retval(self, ret, call_id):
"""Log a return value.
"""
if ret is None:
self._log("RET%s:None\n" % call_id)
return
self._mutex.acquire()
try:
# If it's a xapian object, return a proxy for it.
if self._is_xap_obj(ret):
ret = LoggedProxy(ret)
xapobjname = self._get_xap_name(ret, maybe_new=True)
msg = "RET%s:%s\n" % (call_id, self._repr_arg(ret))
finally:
self._mutex.release()
# Not a xapian object - just return it.
self._log(msg)
return ret
def _obj_gone(self, num):
"""Log that an object has been deleted.
"""
self._log('DEL:#%d\n' % num)
class LoggedProxy(object):
"""A proxy for a xapian object, which logs all calls made on the object.
"""
def __init__(self, obj):
self.__obj = obj
def __getattribute__(self, name):
obj = object.__getattribute__(self, '_LoggedProxy__obj')
if name == '__obj':
return obj
real = getattr(obj, name)
if not isinstance(real, types.MethodType):
return real
return LoggedProxyMethod(real, self)
def __iter__(self):
obj = object.__getattribute__(self, '_LoggedProxy__obj')
return obj.__iter__()
def __len__(self):
obj = object.__getattribute__(self, '_LoggedProxy__obj')
return obj.__len__()
def __repr__(self):
obj = object.__getattribute__(self, '_LoggedProxy__obj')
return '' % obj.__repr__()
def __str__(self):
obj = object.__getattribute__(self, '_LoggedProxy__obj')
return obj.__str__()
class LoggedProxyMethod(object):
"""A proxy for a xapian method, which logs all calls made on the method.
"""
def __init__(self, real, proxyobj):
"""Make a proxy for the method.
"""
self.real = real
self.proxyobj = proxyobj
def __call__(self, *args):
"""Call the proxied method, logging the call.
"""
return log(self, *args)
def set_replay_path(logpath):
"""Set the path for the replay log.
"""
global _replay_log
global _had_replay_log
if logpath is None:
_replay_log = None
else:
_had_replay_log = True
_replay_log = ReplayLog(logpath)
def _unproxy_call_and_args(call, args):
"""Convert a call and list of arguments to unproxied form.
"""
if isinstance(call, LoggedProxyMethod):
realcall = call.real
else:
realcall = call
realargs = []
for arg in args:
if isinstance(arg, LoggedProxy):
arg = arg.__obj
realargs.append(arg)
return realcall, realargs
def log(call, *args):
"""Make a call to xapian, and log it.
"""
# If we've never had a replay log in force, no need to unproxy objects.
global _had_replay_log
if not _had_replay_log:
return call(*args)
# Get unproxied versions of the call and arguments.
realcall, realargs = _unproxy_call_and_args(call, args)
# If we have no replay log currently, just do the call.
global _replay_log
replay_log = _replay_log
if replay_log is None:
return realcall(*realargs)
# We have a replay log: do a logged version of the call.
call_id = replay_log.log_call(call, *args)
try:
ret = realcall(*realargs)
except:
replay_log.log_except(sys.exc_info(), call_id)
raise
return replay_log.log_retval(ret, call_id)
#set_replay_path('replay.log')
xappy-0.5/xappy/schema.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000002151 10772230325 015304 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2008 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
r"""schema.py: xdefinitions and implementations of field actions.
"""
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
import errors as _errors
from replaylog import log as _log
import parsedate as _parsedate
class Schema(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
import doctest, sys
doctest.testmod (sys.modules[__name__])
xappy-0.5/xappy/searchconnection.py 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000227407 11005457603 017406 0 ustar richard richard #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
r"""searchconnection.py: A connection to the search engine for searching.
"""
__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"
import _checkxapian
import os as _os
import cPickle as _cPickle
import math
import xapian as _xapian
from datastructures import *
from fieldactions import *
import fieldmappings as _fieldmappings
import highlight as _highlight
import errors as _errors
import indexerconnection as _indexerconnection
import re as _re
from replaylog import log as _log
class SearchResult(ProcessedDocument):
"""A result from a search.
As well as being a ProcessedDocument representing the document in the
database, the result has several members which may be used to get
information about how well the document matches the search:
- `rank`: The rank of the document in the search results, starting at 0
(ie, 0 is the "top" result, 1 is the second result, etc).
- `weight`: A floating point number indicating the weight of the result
document. The value is only meaningful relative to other results for a
given search - a different search, or the same search with a different
database, may give an entirely different scale to the weights. This
should not usually be displayed to users, but may be useful if trying to
perform advanced reweighting operations on search results.
- `percent`: A percentage value for the weight of a document. This is
just a rescaled form of the `weight` member. It doesn't represent any
kind of probability value; the only real meaning of the numbers is that,
within a single set of results, a document with a higher percentage
corresponds to a better match. Because the percentage doesn't really
represent a probability, or a confidence value, it is probably unhelpful
to display it to most users, since they tend to place an over emphasis
on its meaning. However, it is included because it may be useful
occasionally.
"""
def __init__(self, msetitem, results):
ProcessedDocument.__init__(self, results._fieldmappings, msetitem.document)
self.rank = msetitem.rank
self.weight = msetitem.weight
self.percent = msetitem.percent
self._results = results
def _get_language(self, field):
"""Get the language that should be used for a given field.
Raises a KeyError if the field is not known.
"""
actions = self._results._conn._field_actions[field]._actions
for action, kwargslist in actions.iteritems():
if action == FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT:
for kwargs in kwargslist:
try:
return kwargs['language']
except KeyError:
pass
return 'none'
def summarise(self, field, maxlen=600, hl=('', ' '), query=None):
"""Return a summarised version of the field specified.
This will return a summary of the contents of the field stored in the
search result, with words which match the query highlighted.
The maximum length of the summary (in characters) may be set using the
maxlen parameter.
The return value will be a string holding the summary, with
highlighting applied. If there are multiple instances of the field in
the document, the instances will be joined with a newline character.
To turn off highlighting, set hl to None. Each highlight will consist
of the first entry in the `hl` list being placed before the word, and
the second entry in the `hl` list being placed after the word.
Any XML or HTML style markup tags in the field will be stripped before
the summarisation algorithm is applied.
If `query` is supplied, it should contain a Query object, as returned
from SearchConnection.query_parse() or related methods, which will be
used as the basis of the summarisation and highlighting rather than the
query which was used for the search.
Raises KeyError if the field is not known.
"""
highlighter = _highlight.Highlighter(language_code=self._get_language(field))
field = self.data[field]
results = []
text = '\n'.join(field)
if query is None:
query = self._results._query
return highlighter.makeSample(text, query, maxlen, hl)
def highlight(self, field, hl=('', ' '), strip_tags=False, query=None):
"""Return a highlighted version of the field specified.
This will return all the contents of the field stored in the search
result, with words which match the query highlighted.
The return value will be a list of strings (corresponding to the list
of strings which is the raw field data).
Each highlight will consist of the first entry in the `hl` list being
placed before the word, and the second entry in the `hl` list being
placed after the word.
If `strip_tags` is True, any XML or HTML style markup tags in the field
will be stripped before highlighting is applied.
If `query` is supplied, it should contain a Query object, as returned
from SearchConnection.query_parse() or related methods, which will be
used as the basis of the summarisation and highlighting rather than the
query which was used for the search.
Raises KeyError if the field is not known.
"""
highlighter = _highlight.Highlighter(language_code=self._get_language(field))
field = self.data[field]
results = []
if query is None:
query = self._results._query
for text in field:
results.append(highlighter.highlight(text, query, hl, strip_tags))
return results
def __repr__(self):
return ('' %
(self.rank, self.id, self.data))
class SearchResultIter(object):
"""An iterator over a set of results from a search.
"""
def __init__(self, results, order):
self._results = results
self._order = order
if self._order is None:
self._iter = iter(results._mset)
else:
self._iter = iter(self._order)
def next(self):
if self._order is None:
msetitem = self._iter.next()
else:
index = self._iter.next()
msetitem = self._results._mset.get_hit(index)
return SearchResult(msetitem, self._results)
def _get_significant_digits(value, lower, upper):
"""Get the significant digits of value which are constrained by the
(inclusive) lower and upper bounds.
If there are no significant digits which are definitely within the
bounds, exactly one significant digit will be returned in the result.
>>> _get_significant_digits(15,15,15)
15
>>> _get_significant_digits(15,15,17)
20
>>> _get_significant_digits(4777,208,6000)
5000
>>> _get_significant_digits(4777,4755,4790)
4800
>>> _get_significant_digits(4707,4695,4710)
4700
>>> _get_significant_digits(4719,4717,4727)
4720
>>> _get_significant_digits(0,0,0)
0
>>> _get_significant_digits(9,9,10)
9
>>> _get_significant_digits(9,9,100)
9
"""
assert(lower <= value)
assert(value <= upper)
diff = upper - lower
# Get the first power of 10 greater than the difference.
# This corresponds to the magnitude of the smallest significant digit.
if diff == 0:
pos_pow_10 = 1
else:
pos_pow_10 = int(10 ** math.ceil(math.log10(diff)))
# Special case for situation where we don't have any significant digits:
# get the magnitude of the most significant digit in value.
if pos_pow_10 > value:
if value == 0:
pos_pow_10 = 1
else:
pos_pow_10 = int(10 ** math.floor(math.log10(value)))
# Return the value, rounded to the nearest multiple of pos_pow_10
return ((value + pos_pow_10 // 2) // pos_pow_10) * pos_pow_10
class SearchResults(object):
"""A set of results of a search.
"""
def __init__(self, conn, enq, query, mset, fieldmappings, tagspy,
tagfields, facetspy, facetfields, facethierarchy,
facetassocs):
self._conn = conn
self._enq = enq
self._query = query
self._mset = mset
self._mset_order = None
self._fieldmappings = fieldmappings
self._tagspy = tagspy
if tagfields is None:
self._tagfields = None
else:
self._tagfields = set(tagfields)
self._facetspy = facetspy
self._facetfields = facetfields
self._facethierarchy = facethierarchy
self._facetassocs = facetassocs
self._numeric_ranges_built = {}
def _cluster(self, num_clusters, maxdocs, fields=None):
"""Cluster results based on similarity.
Note: this method is experimental, and will probably disappear or
change in the future.
The number of clusters is specified by num_clusters: unless there are
too few results, there will be exaclty this number of clusters in the
result.
"""
clusterer = _xapian.ClusterSingleLink()
xapclusters = _xapian.ClusterAssignments()
docsim = _xapian.DocSimCosine()
source = _xapian.MSetDocumentSource(self._mset, maxdocs)
if fields is None:
clusterer.cluster(self._conn._index, xapclusters, docsim, source, num_clusters)
else:
decider = self._make_expand_decider(fields)
clusterer.cluster(self._conn._index, xapclusters, docsim, source, decider, num_clusters)
newid = 0
idmap = {}
clusters = {}
for item in self._mset:
docid = item.docid
clusterid = xapclusters.cluster(docid)
if clusterid not in idmap:
idmap[clusterid] = newid
newid += 1
clusterid = idmap[clusterid]
if clusterid not in clusters:
clusters[clusterid] = []
clusters[clusterid].append(item.rank)
return clusters
def _reorder_by_clusters(self, clusters):
"""Reorder the mset based on some clusters.
"""
if self.startrank != 0:
raise _errors.SearchError("startrank must be zero to reorder by clusters")
reordered = False
tophits = []
nottophits = []
clusterstarts = dict(((c[0], None) for c in clusters.itervalues()))
for i in xrange(self.endrank):
if i in clusterstarts:
tophits.append(i)
else:
nottophits.append(i)
self._mset_order = tophits
self._mset_order.extend(nottophits)
def _make_expand_decider(self, fields):
"""Make an expand decider which accepts only terms in the specified
field.
"""
prefixes = {}
if isinstance(fields, basestring):
fields = [fields]
for field in fields:
try:
actions = self._conn._field_actions[field]._actions
except KeyError:
continue
for action, kwargslist in actions.iteritems():
if action == FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT:
prefix = self._conn._field_mappings.get_prefix(field)
prefixes[prefix] = None
prefixes['Z' + prefix] = None
if action in (FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT,
FieldActions.TAG,
FieldActions.FACET,):
prefix = self._conn._field_mappings.get_prefix(field)
prefixes[prefix] = None
prefix_re = _re.compile('|'.join([_re.escape(x) + '[^A-Z]' for x in prefixes.keys()]))
class decider(_xapian.ExpandDecider):
def __call__(self, term):
return prefix_re.match(term) is not None
return decider()
def _reorder_by_similarity(self, count, maxcount, max_similarity,
fields=None):
"""Reorder results based on similarity.
The top `count` documents will be chosen such that they are relatively
dissimilar. `maxcount` documents will be considered for moving around,
and `max_similarity` is a value between 0 and 1 indicating the maximum
similarity to the previous document before a document is moved down the
result set.
Note: this method is experimental, and will probably disappear or
change in the future.
"""
if self.startrank != 0:
raise _errors.SearchError("startrank must be zero to reorder by similiarity")
ds = _xapian.DocSimCosine()
ds.set_termfreqsource(_xapian.DatabaseTermFreqSource(self._conn._index))
if fields is not None:
ds.set_expand_decider(self._make_expand_decider(fields))
tophits = []
nottophits = []
full = False
reordered = False
sim_count = 0
new_order = []
end = min(self.endrank, maxcount)
for i in xrange(end):
if full:
new_order.append(i)
continue
hit = self._mset.get_hit(i)
if len(tophits) == 0:
tophits.append(hit)
continue
# Compare each incoming hit to tophits
maxsim = 0.0
for tophit in tophits[-1:]:
sim_count += 1
sim = ds.similarity(hit.document, tophit.document)
if sim > maxsim:
maxsim = sim
# If it's not similar to an existing hit, add to tophits.
if maxsim < max_similarity:
tophits.append(hit)
else:
nottophits.append(hit)
reordered = True
# If we're full of hits, append to the end.
if len(tophits) >= count:
for hit in tophits:
new_order.append(hit.rank)
for hit in nottophits:
new_order.append(hit.rank)
full = True
if not full:
for hit in tophits:
new_order.append(hit.rank)
for hit in nottophits:
new_order.append(hit.rank)
if end != self.endrank:
new_order.extend(range(end, self.endrank))
assert len(new_order) == self.endrank
if reordered:
self._mset_order = new_order
else:
assert new_order == range(self.endrank)
def __repr__(self):
return ("" %
(
self.startrank,
self.endrank,
self.more_matches,
self.matches_lower_bound,
self.matches_upper_bound,
self.matches_estimated,
self.estimate_is_exact,
))
def _get_more_matches(self):
# This check relies on us having asked for at least one more result
# than retrieved to be checked.
return (self.matches_lower_bound > self.endrank)
more_matches = property(_get_more_matches, doc=
"""Check whether there are further matches after those in this result set.
""")
def _get_startrank(self):
return self._mset.get_firstitem()
startrank = property(_get_startrank, doc=
"""Get the rank of the first item in the search results.
This corresponds to the "startrank" parameter passed to the search() method.
""")
def _get_endrank(self):
return self._mset.get_firstitem() + len(self._mset)
endrank = property(_get_endrank, doc=
"""Get the rank of the item after the end of the search results.
If there are sufficient results in the index, this corresponds to the
"endrank" parameter passed to the search() method.
""")
def _get_lower_bound(self):
return self._mset.get_matches_lower_bound()
matches_lower_bound = property(_get_lower_bound, doc=
"""Get a lower bound on the total number of matching documents.
""")
def _get_upper_bound(self):
return self._mset.get_matches_upper_bound()
matches_upper_bound = property(_get_upper_bound, doc=
"""Get an upper bound on the total number of matching documents.
""")
def _get_human_readable_estimate(self):
lower = self._mset.get_matches_lower_bound()
upper = self._mset.get_matches_upper_bound()
est = self._mset.get_matches_estimated()
return _get_significant_digits(est, lower, upper)
matches_human_readable_estimate = property(_get_human_readable_estimate,
doc=
"""Get a human readable estimate of the number of matching documents.
This consists of the value returned by the "matches_estimated" property,
rounded to an appropriate number of significant digits (as determined by
the values of the "matches_lower_bound" and "matches_upper_bound"
properties).
""")
def _get_estimated(self):
return self._mset.get_matches_estimated()
matches_estimated = property(_get_estimated, doc=
"""Get an estimate for the total number of matching documents.
""")
def _estimate_is_exact(self):
return self._mset.get_matches_lower_bound() == \
self._mset.get_matches_upper_bound()
estimate_is_exact = property(_estimate_is_exact, doc=
"""Check whether the estimated number of matching documents is exact.
If this returns true, the estimate given by the `matches_estimated`
property is guaranteed to be correct.
If this returns false, it is possible that the actual number of matching
documents is different from the number given by the `matches_estimated`
property.
""")
def get_hit(self, index):
"""Get the hit with a given index.
"""
if self._mset_order is None:
msetitem = self._mset.get_hit(index)
else:
msetitem = self._mset.get_hit(self._mset_order[index])
return SearchResult(msetitem, self)
__getitem__ = get_hit
def __iter__(self):
"""Get an iterator over the hits in the search result.
The iterator returns the results in increasing order of rank.
"""
return SearchResultIter(self, self._mset_order)
def __len__(self):
"""Get the number of hits in the search result.
Note that this is not (usually) the number of matching documents for
the search. If startrank is non-zero, it's not even the rank of the
last document in the search result. It's simply the number of hits
stored in the search result.
It is, however, the number of items returned by the iterator produced
by calling iter() on this SearchResults object.
"""
return len(self._mset)
def get_top_tags(self, field, maxtags):
"""Get the most frequent tags in a given field.
- `field` - the field to get tags for. This must have been specified
in the "gettags" argument of the search() call.
- `maxtags` - the maximum number of tags to return.
Returns a sequence of 2-item tuples, in which the first item in the
tuple is the tag, and the second is the frequency of the tag in the
matches seen (as an integer).
"""
if 'tags' in _checkxapian.missing_features:
raise errors.SearchError("Tags unsupported with this release of xapian")
if self._tagspy is None or field not in self._tagfields:
raise _errors.SearchError("Field %r was not specified for getting tags" % field)
prefix = self._conn._field_mappings.get_prefix(field)
return self._tagspy.get_top_terms(prefix, maxtags)
def get_suggested_facets(self, maxfacets=5, desired_num_of_categories=7,
required_facets=None):
"""Get a suggested set of facets, to present to the user.
This returns a list, in descending order of the usefulness of the
facet, in which each item is a tuple holding:
- fieldname of facet.
- sequence of 2-tuples holding the suggested values or ranges for that
field:
For facets of type 'string', the first item in the 2-tuple will
simply be the string supplied when the facet value was added to its
document. For facets of type 'float', it will be a 2-tuple, holding
floats giving the start and end of the suggested value range.
The second item in the 2-tuple will be the frequency of the facet
value or range in the result set.
If required_facets is not None, it must be a field name, or a sequence
of field names. Any field names mentioned in required_facets will be
returned if there are any facet values at all in the search results for
that field. The facet will only be omitted if there are no facet
values at all for the field.
The value of maxfacets will be respected as far as possible; the
exception is that if there are too many fields listed in
required_facets with at least one value in the search results, extra
facets will be returned (ie, obeying the required_facets parameter is
considered more important than the maxfacets parameter).
If facet_hierarchy was indicated when search() was called, and the
query included facets, then only subfacets of those query facets and
top-level facets will be included in the returned list. Furthermore
top-level facets will only be returned if there are remaining places
in the list after it has been filled with subfacets. Note that
required_facets is still respected regardless of the facet hierarchy.
If a query type was specified when search() was called, and the query
included facets, then facets with an association of Never to the
query type are never returned, even if mentioned in required_facets.
Facets with an association of Preferred are listed before others in
the returned list.
"""
if 'facets' in _checkxapian.missing_features:
raise errors.SearchError("Facets unsupported with this release of xapian")
if self._facetspy is None:
raise _errors.SearchError("Facet selection wasn't enabled when the search was run")
if isinstance(required_facets, basestring):
required_facets = [required_facets]
scores = []
facettypes = {}
for field, slot, kwargslist in self._facetfields:
type = None
for kwargs in kwargslist:
type = kwargs.get('type', None)
if type is not None: break
if type is None: type = 'string'
if type == 'float':
if field not in self._numeric_ranges_built:
self._facetspy.build_numeric_ranges(slot, desired_num_of_categories)
self._numeric_ranges_built[field] = None
facettypes[field] = type
score = self._facetspy.score_categorisation(slot, desired_num_of_categories)
scores.append((score, field, slot))
# Sort on whether facet is top-level ahead of score (use subfacets first),
# and on whether facet is preferred for the query type ahead of anything else
if self._facethierarchy:
# Note, tuple[-2] is the value of 'field' in a scores tuple
scores = [(tuple[-2] not in self._facethierarchy,) + tuple for tuple in scores]
if self._facetassocs:
preferred = _indexerconnection.IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Preferred
scores = [(self._facetassocs.get(tuple[-2]) != preferred,) + tuple for tuple in scores]
scores.sort()
if self._facethierarchy:
index = 1
else:
index = 0
if self._facetassocs:
index += 1
if index > 0:
scores = [tuple[index:] for tuple in scores]
results = []
required_results = []
for score, field, slot in scores:
# Check if the facet is required
required = False
if required_facets is not None:
required = field in required_facets
# If we've got enough facets, and the field isn't required, skip it
if not required and len(results) + len(required_results) >= maxfacets:
continue
# Get the values
values = self._facetspy.get_values_as_dict(slot)
if field in self._numeric_ranges_built:
if '' in values:
del values['']
# Required facets must occur at least once, other facets must occur
# at least twice.
if required:
if len(values) < 1:
continue
else:
if len(values) <= 1:
continue
newvalues = []
if facettypes[field] == 'float':
# Convert numbers to python numbers, and number ranges to a
# python tuple of two numbers.
for value, frequency in values.iteritems():
if len(value) <= 9:
value1 = _log(_xapian.sortable_unserialise, value)
value2 = value1
else:
value1 = _log(_xapian.sortable_unserialise, value[:9])
value2 = _log(_xapian.sortable_unserialise, value[9:])
newvalues.append(((value1, value2), frequency))
else:
for value, frequency in values.iteritems():
newvalues.append((value, frequency))
newvalues.sort()
if required:
required_results.append((score, field, newvalues))
else:
results.append((score, field, newvalues))
# Throw away any excess results if we have more required_results to
# insert.
maxfacets = maxfacets - len(required_results)
if maxfacets <= 0:
results = required_results
else:
results = results[:maxfacets]
results.extend(required_results)
results.sort()
# Throw away the scores because they're not meaningful outside this
# algorithm.
results = [(field, newvalues) for (score, field, newvalues) in results]
return results
class SearchConnection(object):
"""A connection to the search engine for searching.
The connection will access a view of the database.
"""
_qp_flags_base = _xapian.QueryParser.FLAG_LOVEHATE
_qp_flags_phrase = _xapian.QueryParser.FLAG_PHRASE
_qp_flags_synonym = (_xapian.QueryParser.FLAG_AUTO_SYNONYMS |
_xapian.QueryParser.FLAG_AUTO_MULTIWORD_SYNONYMS)
_qp_flags_bool = _xapian.QueryParser.FLAG_BOOLEAN
_index = None
def __init__(self, indexpath):
"""Create a new connection to the index for searching.
There may only an arbitrary number of search connections for a
particular database open at a given time (regardless of whether there
is a connection for indexing open as well).
If the database doesn't exist, an exception will be raised.
"""
self._index = _log(_xapian.Database, indexpath)
self._indexpath = indexpath
# Read the actions.
self._load_config()
self._close_handlers = []
def __del__(self):
self.close()
def append_close_handler(self, handler, userdata=None):
"""Append a callback to the list of close handlers.
These will be called when the SearchConnection is closed. This happens
when the close() method is called, or when the SearchConnection object
is deleted. The callback will be passed two arguments: the path to the
SearchConnection object, and the userdata supplied to this method.
The handlers will be called in the order in which they were added.
The handlers will be called after the connection has been closed, so
cannot prevent it closing: their return value will be ignored. In
addition, they should not raise any exceptions.
"""
self._close_handlers.append((handler, userdata))
def _get_sort_type(self, field):
"""Get the sort type that should be used for a given field.
"""
try:
actions = self._field_actions[field]._actions
except KeyError:
actions = {}
for action, kwargslist in actions.iteritems():
if action == FieldActions.SORT_AND_COLLAPSE:
for kwargs in kwargslist:
return kwargs['type']
def _load_config(self):
"""Load the configuration for the database.
"""
# Note: this code is basically duplicated in the IndexerConnection
# class. Move it to a shared location.
assert self._index is not None
config_str = _log(self._index.get_metadata, '_xappy_config')
if len(config_str) == 0:
self._field_actions = {}
self._field_mappings = _fieldmappings.FieldMappings()
self._facet_hierarchy = {}
self._facet_query_table = {}
return
try:
(self._field_actions, mappings, self._facet_hierarchy, self._facet_query_table, self._next_docid) = _cPickle.loads(config_str)
except ValueError:
# Backwards compatibility - configuration used to lack _facet_hierarchy and _facet_query_table
(self._field_actions, mappings, self._next_docid) = _cPickle.loads(config_str)
self._facet_hierarchy = {}
self._facet_query_table = {}
self._field_mappings = _fieldmappings.FieldMappings(mappings)
def reopen(self):
"""Reopen the connection.
This updates the revision of the index which the connection references
to the latest flushed revision.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise _errors.SearchError("SearchConnection has been closed")
self._index.reopen()
# Re-read the actions.
self._load_config()
def close(self):
"""Close the connection to the database.
It is important to call this method before allowing the class to be
garbage collected to ensure that the connection is cleaned up promptly.
No other methods may be called on the connection after this has been
called. (It is permissible to call close() multiple times, but
only the first call will have any effect.)
If an exception occurs, the database will be closed, but changes since
the last call to flush may be lost.
"""
if self._index is None:
return
# Remember the index path
indexpath = self._indexpath
# There is currently no "close()" method for xapian databases, so
# we have to rely on the garbage collector. Since we never copy
# the _index property out of this class, there should be no cycles,
# so the standard python implementation should garbage collect
# _index straight away. A close() method is planned to be added to
# xapian at some point - when it is, we should call it here to make
# the code more robust.
self._index = None
self._indexpath = None
self._field_actions = None
self._field_mappings = None
# Call the close handlers.
for handler, userdata in self._close_handlers:
try:
handler(indexpath, userdata)
except Exception, e:
import sys, traceback
print >>sys.stderr, "WARNING: unhandled exception in handler called by SearchConnection.close(): %s" % traceback.format_exception_only(type(e), e)
def get_doccount(self):
"""Count the number of documents in the database.
This count will include documents which have been added or removed but
not yet flushed().
"""
if self._index is None:
raise _errors.SearchError("SearchConnection has been closed")
return self._index.get_doccount()
OP_AND = _xapian.Query.OP_AND
OP_OR = _xapian.Query.OP_OR
def query_composite(self, operator, queries):
"""Build a composite query from a list of queries.
The queries are combined with the supplied operator, which is either
SearchConnection.OP_AND or SearchConnection.OP_OR.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise _errors.SearchError("SearchConnection has been closed")
return _log(_xapian.Query, operator, list(queries))
def query_multweight(self, query, multiplier):
"""Build a query which modifies the weights of a subquery.
This produces a query which returns the same documents as the subquery,
and in the same order, but with the weights assigned to each document
multiplied by the value of "multiplier". "multiplier" may be any floating
point value, but negative values will be clipped to 0, since Xapian
doesn't support negative weights.
This can be useful when producing queries to be combined with
query_composite, because it allows the relative importance of parts of
the query to be adjusted.
"""
return _log(_xapian.Query, _xapian.Query.OP_SCALE_WEIGHT, query, multiplier)
def query_filter(self, query, filter, exclude=False):
"""Filter a query with another query.
If exclude is False (or not specified), documents will only match the
resulting query if they match the both the first and second query: the
results of the first query are "filtered" to only include those which
also match the second query.
If exclude is True, documents will only match the resulting query if
they match the first query, but not the second query: the results of
the first query are "filtered" to only include those which do not match
the second query.
Documents will always be weighted according to only the first query.
- `query`: The query to filter.
- `filter`: The filter to apply to the query.
- `exclude`: If True, the sense of the filter is reversed - only
documents which do not match the second query will be returned.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise _errors.SearchError("SearchConnection has been closed")
if not isinstance(filter, _xapian.Query):
raise _errors.SearchError("Filter must be a Xapian Query object")
if exclude:
return _log(_xapian.Query, _xapian.Query.OP_AND_NOT, query, filter)
else:
return _log(_xapian.Query, _xapian.Query.OP_FILTER, query, filter)
def query_adjust(self, primary, secondary):
"""Adjust the weights of one query with a secondary query.
Documents will be returned from the resulting query if and only if they
match the primary query (specified by the "primary" parameter).
However, the weights (and hence, the relevance rankings) of the
documents will be adjusted by adding weights from the secondary query
(specified by the "secondary" parameter).
"""
if self._index is None:
raise _errors.SearchError("SearchConnection has been closed")
return _log(_xapian.Query, _xapian.Query.OP_AND_MAYBE, primary, secondary)
def query_range(self, field, begin, end):
"""Create a query for a range search.
This creates a query which matches only those documents which have a
field value in the specified range.
Begin and end must be appropriate values for the field, according to
the 'type' parameter supplied to the SORTABLE action for the field.
The begin and end values are both inclusive - any documents with a
value equal to begin or end will be returned (unless end is less than
begin, in which case no documents will be returned).
Begin or end may be set to None in order to create an open-ended
range. (They may also both be set to None, which will generate a query
which matches all documents containing any value for the field.)
"""
if self._index is None:
raise _errors.SearchError("SearchConnection has been closed")
if begin is None and end is None:
# Return a "match everything" query
return _log(_xapian.Query, '')
try:
slot = self._field_mappings.get_slot(field, 'collsort')
except KeyError:
# Return a "match nothing" query
return _log(_xapian.Query)
sorttype = self._get_sort_type(field)
marshaller = SortableMarshaller(False)
fn = marshaller.get_marshall_function(field, sorttype)
if begin is not None:
begin = fn(field, begin)
if end is not None:
end = fn(field, end)
if begin is None:
return _log(_xapian.Query, _xapian.Query.OP_VALUE_LE, slot, end)
if end is None:
return _log(_xapian.Query, _xapian.Query.OP_VALUE_GE, slot, begin)
return _log(_xapian.Query, _xapian.Query.OP_VALUE_RANGE, slot, begin, end)
def query_facet(self, field, val):
"""Create a query for a facet value.
This creates a query which matches only those documents which have a
facet value in the specified range.
For a numeric range facet, val should be a tuple holding the start and
end of the range, or a comma separated string holding two floating
point values. For other facets, val should be the value to look
for.
The start and end values are both inclusive - any documents with a
value equal to start or end will be returned (unless end is less than
start, in which case no documents will be returned).
"""
if self._index is None:
raise _errors.SearchError("SearchConnection has been closed")
if 'facets' in _checkxapian.missing_features:
raise errors.SearchError("Facets unsupported with this release of xapian")
try:
actions = self._field_actions[field]._actions
except KeyError:
actions = {}
facettype = None
for action, kwargslist in actions.iteritems():
if action == FieldActions.FACET:
for kwargs in kwargslist:
facettype = kwargs.get('type', None)
if facettype is not None:
break
if facettype is not None:
break
if facettype == 'float':
if isinstance(val, basestring):
val = [float(v) for v in val.split(',', 2)]
assert(len(val) == 2)
try:
slot = self._field_mappings.get_slot(field, 'facet')
except KeyError:
return _log(_xapian.Query)
# FIXME - check that sorttype == self._get_sort_type(field)
sorttype = 'float'
marshaller = SortableMarshaller(False)
fn = marshaller.get_marshall_function(field, sorttype)
begin = fn(field, val[0])
end = fn(field, val[1])
return _log(_xapian.Query, _xapian.Query.OP_VALUE_RANGE, slot, begin, end)
else:
assert(facettype == 'string' or facettype is None)
prefix = self._field_mappings.get_prefix(field)
return _log(_xapian.Query, prefix + val.lower())
def _prepare_queryparser(self, allow, deny, default_op, default_allow,
default_deny):
"""Prepare (and return) a query parser using the specified fields and
operator.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise _errors.SearchError("SearchConnection has been closed")
if isinstance(allow, basestring):
allow = (allow, )
if isinstance(deny, basestring):
deny = (deny, )
if allow is not None and len(allow) == 0:
allow = None
if deny is not None and len(deny) == 0:
deny = None
if allow is not None and deny is not None:
raise _errors.SearchError("Cannot specify both `allow` and `deny` "
"(got %r and %r)" % (allow, deny))
if isinstance(default_allow, basestring):
default_allow = (default_allow, )
if isinstance(default_deny, basestring):
default_deny = (default_deny, )
if default_allow is not None and len(default_allow) == 0:
default_allow = None
if default_deny is not None and len(default_deny) == 0:
default_deny = None
if default_allow is not None and default_deny is not None:
raise _errors.SearchError("Cannot specify both `default_allow` and `default_deny` "
"(got %r and %r)" % (default_allow, default_deny))
qp = _log(_xapian.QueryParser)
qp.set_database(self._index)
qp.set_default_op(default_op)
if allow is None:
allow = [key for key in self._field_actions]
if deny is not None:
allow = [key for key in allow if key not in deny]
for field in allow:
try:
actions = self._field_actions[field]._actions
except KeyError:
actions = {}
for action, kwargslist in actions.iteritems():
if action == FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT:
# FIXME - need patched version of xapian to add exact prefixes
#qp.add_exact_prefix(field, self._field_mappings.get_prefix(field))
qp.add_prefix(field, self._field_mappings.get_prefix(field))
if action == FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT:
allow_field_specific = True
for kwargs in kwargslist:
allow_field_specific = allow_field_specific or kwargs.get('allow_field_specific', True)
if not allow_field_specific:
continue
qp.add_prefix(field, self._field_mappings.get_prefix(field))
for kwargs in kwargslist:
try:
lang = kwargs['language']
my_stemmer = _log(_xapian.Stem, lang)
qp.my_stemmer = my_stemmer
qp.set_stemmer(my_stemmer)
qp.set_stemming_strategy(qp.STEM_SOME)
except KeyError:
pass
if default_allow is not None or default_deny is not None:
if default_allow is None:
default_allow = [key for key in self._field_actions]
if default_deny is not None:
default_allow = [key for key in default_allow if key not in default_deny]
for field in default_allow:
try:
actions = self._field_actions[field]._actions
except KeyError:
actions = {}
for action, kwargslist in actions.iteritems():
if action == FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT:
qp.add_prefix('', self._field_mappings.get_prefix(field))
# FIXME - set stemming options for the default prefix
return qp
def _query_parse_with_prefix(self, qp, string, flags, prefix):
"""Parse a query, with an optional prefix.
"""
if prefix is None:
return qp.parse_query(string, flags)
else:
return qp.parse_query(string, flags, prefix)
def _query_parse_with_fallback(self, qp, string, prefix=None):
"""Parse a query with various flags.
If the initial boolean pass fails, fall back to not using boolean
operators.
"""
try:
q1 = self._query_parse_with_prefix(qp, string,
self._qp_flags_base |
self._qp_flags_phrase |
self._qp_flags_synonym |
self._qp_flags_bool,
prefix)
except _xapian.QueryParserError, e:
# If we got a parse error, retry without boolean operators (since
# these are the usual cause of the parse error).
q1 = self._query_parse_with_prefix(qp, string,
self._qp_flags_base |
self._qp_flags_phrase |
self._qp_flags_synonym,
prefix)
qp.set_stemming_strategy(qp.STEM_NONE)
try:
q2 = self._query_parse_with_prefix(qp, string,
self._qp_flags_base |
self._qp_flags_bool,
prefix)
except _xapian.QueryParserError, e:
# If we got a parse error, retry without boolean operators (since
# these are the usual cause of the parse error).
q2 = self._query_parse_with_prefix(qp, string,
self._qp_flags_base,
prefix)
return _log(_xapian.Query, _xapian.Query.OP_AND_MAYBE, q1, q2)
def query_parse(self, string, allow=None, deny=None, default_op=OP_AND,
default_allow=None, default_deny=None):
"""Parse a query string.
This is intended for parsing queries entered by a user. If you wish to
combine structured queries, it is generally better to use the other
query building methods, such as `query_composite` (though you may wish
to create parts of the query to combine with such methods with this
method).
The string passed to this method can have various operators in it. In
particular, it may contain field specifiers (ie, field names, followed
by a colon, followed by some text to search for in that field). For
example, if "author" is a field in the database, the search string
could contain "author:richard", and this would be interpreted as
"search for richard in the author field". By default, any fields in
the database which are indexed with INDEX_EXACT or INDEX_FREETEXT will
be available for field specific searching in this way - however, this
can be modified using the "allow" or "deny" parameters, and also by the
allow_field_specific tag on INDEX_FREETEXT fields.
Any text which isn't prefixed by a field specifier is used to search
the "default set" of fields. By default, this is the full set of
fields in the database which are indexed with INDEX_FREETEXT and for
which the search_by_default flag set (ie, if the text is found in any
of those fields, the query will match). However, this may be modified
with the "default_allow" and "default_deny" parameters. (Note that
fields which are indexed with INDEX_EXACT aren't allowed to be used in
the default list of fields.)
- `string`: The string to parse.
- `allow`: A list of fields to allow in the query.
- `deny`: A list of fields not to allow in the query.
- `default_op`: The default operator to combine query terms with.
- `default_allow`: A list of fields to search for by default.
- `default_deny`: A list of fields not to search for by default.
Only one of `allow` and `deny` may be specified.
Only one of `default_allow` and `default_deny` may be specified.
If any of the entries in `allow` are not present in the configuration
for the database, or are not specified for indexing (either as
INDEX_EXACT or INDEX_FREETEXT), they will be ignored. If any of the
entries in `deny` are not present in the configuration for the
database, they will be ignored.
Returns a Query object, which may be passed to the search() method, or
combined with other queries.
"""
qp = self._prepare_queryparser(allow, deny, default_op, default_allow,
default_deny)
return self._query_parse_with_fallback(qp, string)
def query_field(self, field, value, default_op=OP_AND):
"""A query for a single field.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise _errors.SearchError("SearchConnection has been closed")
try:
actions = self._field_actions[field]._actions
except KeyError:
actions = {}
# need to check on field type, and stem / split as appropriate
for action, kwargslist in actions.iteritems():
if action in (FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT,
FieldActions.TAG,
FieldActions.FACET,):
prefix = self._field_mappings.get_prefix(field)
if len(value) > 0:
chval = ord(value[0])
if chval >= ord('A') and chval <= ord('Z'):
prefix = prefix + ':'
return _log(_xapian.Query, prefix + value)
if action == FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT:
qp = _log(_xapian.QueryParser)
qp.set_default_op(default_op)
prefix = self._field_mappings.get_prefix(field)
for kwargs in kwargslist:
try:
lang = kwargs['language']
qp.set_stemmer(_log(_xapian.Stem, lang))
qp.set_stemming_strategy(qp.STEM_SOME)
except KeyError:
pass
return self._query_parse_with_fallback(qp, value, prefix)
return _log(_xapian.Query)
def query_similar(self, ids, allow=None, deny=None, simterms=10):
"""Get a query which returns documents which are similar to others.
The list of document IDs to base the similarity search on is given in
`ids`. This should be an iterable, holding a list of strings. If
any of the supplied IDs cannot be found in the database, they will be
ignored. (If no IDs can be found in the database, the resulting query
will not match any documents.)
By default, all fields which have been indexed for freetext searching
will be used for the similarity calculation. The list of fields used
for this can be customised using the `allow` and `deny` parameters
(only one of which may be specified):
- `allow`: A list of fields to base the similarity calculation on.
- `deny`: A list of fields not to base the similarity calculation on.
- `simterms`: Number of terms to use for the similarity calculation.
For convenience, any of `ids`, `allow`, or `deny` may be strings, which
will be treated the same as a list of length 1.
Regardless of the setting of `allow` and `deny`, only fields which have
been indexed for freetext searching will be used for the similarity
measure - all other fields will always be ignored for this purpose.
"""
eterms, prefixes = self._get_eterms(ids, allow, deny, simterms)
# Use the "elite set" operator, which chooses the terms with the
# highest query weight to use.
q = _log(_xapian.Query, _xapian.Query.OP_ELITE_SET, eterms, simterms)
return q
def significant_terms(self, ids, maxterms=10, allow=None, deny=None):
"""Get a set of "significant" terms for a document, or documents.
This has a similar interface to query_similar(): it takes a list of
ids, and an optional specification of a set of fields to consider.
Instead of returning a query, it returns a list of terms from the
document (or documents), which appear "significant". Roughly,
in this situation significant means that the terms occur more
frequently in the specified document than in the rest of the corpus.
The list is in decreasing order of "significance".
By default, all terms related to fields which have been indexed for
freetext searching will be considered for the list of significant
terms. The list of fields used for this can be customised using the
`allow` and `deny` parameters (only one of which may be specified):
- `allow`: A list of fields to consider.
- `deny`: A list of fields not to consider.
For convenience, any of `ids`, `allow`, or `deny` may be strings, which
will be treated the same as a list of length 1.
Regardless of the setting of `allow` and `deny`, only fields which have
been indexed for freetext searching will be considered - all other
fields will always be ignored for this purpose.
The maximum number of terms to return may be specified by the maxterms
parameter.
"""
eterms, prefixes = self._get_eterms(ids, allow, deny, maxterms)
terms = []
for term in eterms:
pos = 0
for char in term:
if not char.isupper():
break
pos += 1
field = prefixes[term[:pos]]
value = term[pos:]
terms.append((field, value))
return terms
def _get_eterms(self, ids, allow, deny, simterms):
"""Get a set of terms for an expand
"""
if self._index is None:
raise _errors.SearchError("SearchConnection has been closed")
if allow is not None and deny is not None:
raise _errors.SearchError("Cannot specify both `allow` and `deny`")
if isinstance(ids, basestring):
ids = (ids, )
if isinstance(allow, basestring):
allow = (allow, )
if isinstance(deny, basestring):
deny = (deny, )
# Set "allow" to contain a list of all the fields to use.
if allow is None:
allow = [key for key in self._field_actions]
if deny is not None:
allow = [key for key in allow if key not in deny]
# Set "prefixes" to contain a list of all the prefixes to use.
prefixes = {}
for field in allow:
try:
actions = self._field_actions[field]._actions
except KeyError:
actions = {}
for action, kwargslist in actions.iteritems():
if action == FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT:
prefixes[self._field_mappings.get_prefix(field)] = field
# Repeat the expand until we don't get a DatabaseModifiedError
while True:
try:
eterms = self._perform_expand(ids, prefixes, simterms)
break;
except _xapian.DatabaseModifiedError, e:
self.reopen()
return eterms, prefixes
class ExpandDecider(_xapian.ExpandDecider):
def __init__(self, prefixes):
_xapian.ExpandDecider.__init__(self)
self._prefixes = prefixes
def __call__(self, term):
pos = 0
for char in term:
if not char.isupper():
break
pos += 1
if term[:pos] in self._prefixes:
return True
return False
def _perform_expand(self, ids, prefixes, simterms):
"""Perform an expand operation to get the terms for a similarity
search, given a set of ids (and a set of prefixes to restrict the
similarity operation to).
"""
# Set idquery to be a query which returns the documents listed in
# "ids".
idquery = _log(_xapian.Query, _xapian.Query.OP_OR, ['Q' + id for id in ids])
enq = _log(_xapian.Enquire, self._index)
enq.set_query(idquery)
rset = _log(_xapian.RSet)
for id in ids:
pl = self._index.postlist('Q' + id)
try:
xapid = pl.next()
rset.add_document(xapid.docid)
except StopIteration:
pass
expanddecider = _log(self.ExpandDecider, prefixes)
eset = enq.get_eset(simterms, rset, 0, 1.0, expanddecider)
return [term.term for term in eset]
def query_all(self):
"""A query which matches all the documents in the database.
"""
return _log(_xapian.Query, '')
def query_none(self):
"""A query which matches no documents in the database.
This may be useful as a placeholder in various situations.
"""
return _log(_xapian.Query)
def spell_correct(self, querystr, allow=None, deny=None, default_op=OP_AND,
default_allow=None, default_deny=None):
"""Correct a query spelling.
This returns a version of the query string with any misspelt words
corrected.
- `allow`: A list of fields to allow in the query.
- `deny`: A list of fields not to allow in the query.
- `default_op`: The default operator to combine query terms with.
- `default_allow`: A list of fields to search for by default.
- `default_deny`: A list of fields not to search for by default.
Only one of `allow` and `deny` may be specified.
Only one of `default_allow` and `default_deny` may be specified.
If any of the entries in `allow` are not present in the configuration
for the database, or are not specified for indexing (either as
INDEX_EXACT or INDEX_FREETEXT), they will be ignored. If any of the
entries in `deny` are not present in the configuration for the
database, they will be ignored.
Note that it is possible that the resulting spell-corrected query will
still match no documents - the user should usually check that some
documents are matched by the corrected query before suggesting it to
users.
"""
qp = self._prepare_queryparser(allow, deny, default_op, default_allow,
default_deny)
try:
qp.parse_query(querystr,
self._qp_flags_base |
self._qp_flags_phrase |
self._qp_flags_synonym |
self._qp_flags_bool |
qp.FLAG_SPELLING_CORRECTION)
except _xapian.QueryParserError:
qp.parse_query(querystr,
self._qp_flags_base |
self._qp_flags_phrase |
self._qp_flags_synonym |
qp.FLAG_SPELLING_CORRECTION)
corrected = qp.get_corrected_query_string()
if len(corrected) == 0:
if isinstance(querystr, unicode):
# Encode as UTF-8 for consistency - this happens automatically
# to values passed to Xapian.
return querystr.encode('utf-8')
return querystr
return corrected
def can_collapse_on(self, field):
"""Check if this database supports collapsing on a specified field.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise _errors.SearchError("SearchConnection has been closed")
try:
self._field_mappings.get_slot(field, 'collsort')
except KeyError:
return False
return True
def can_sort_on(self, field):
"""Check if this database supports sorting on a specified field.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise _errors.SearchError("SearchConnection has been closed")
try:
self._field_mappings.get_slot(field, 'collsort')
except KeyError:
return False
return True
def _get_prefix_from_term(self, term):
"""Get the prefix of a term.
Prefixes are any initial capital letters, with the exception that R always
ends a prefix, even if followed by capital letters.
"""
for p in xrange(len(term)):
if term[p].islower():
return term[:p]
elif term[p] == 'R':
return term[:p+1]
return term
def _facet_query_never(self, facet, query_type):
"""Check if a facet must never be returned by a particular query type.
Returns True if the facet must never be returned.
Returns False if the facet may be returned - either becuase there is no
entry for the query type, or because the entry is not
FacetQueryType_Never.
"""
if query_type is None:
return False
if query_type not in self._facet_query_table:
return False
if facet not in self._facet_query_table[query_type]:
return False
return self._facet_query_table[query_type][facet] == _indexerconnection.IndexerConnection.FacetQueryType_Never
def search(self, query, startrank, endrank,
checkatleast=0, sortby=None, collapse=None,
gettags=None,
getfacets=None, allowfacets=None, denyfacets=None, usesubfacets=None,
percentcutoff=None, weightcutoff=None,
query_type=None):
"""Perform a search, for documents matching a query.
- `query` is the query to perform.
- `startrank` is the rank of the start of the range of matching
documents to return (ie, the result with this rank will be returned).
ranks start at 0, which represents the "best" matching document.
- `endrank` is the rank at the end of the range of matching documents
to return. This is exclusive, so the result with this rank will not
be returned.
- `checkatleast` is the minimum number of results to check for: the
estimate of the total number of matches will always be exact if
the number of matches is less than `checkatleast`. A value of ``-1``
can be specified for the checkatleast parameter - this has the
special meaning of "check all matches", and is equivalent to passing
the result of get_doccount().
- `sortby` is the name of a field to sort by. It may be preceded by a
'+' or a '-' to indicate ascending or descending order
(respectively). If the first character is neither '+' or '-', the
sort will be in ascending order.
- `collapse` is the name of a field to collapse the result documents
on. If this is specified, there will be at most one result in the
result set for each value of the field.
- `gettags` is the name of a field to count tag occurrences in, or a
list of fields to do so.
- `getfacets` is a boolean - if True, the matching documents will be
examined to build up a list of the facet values contained in them.
- `allowfacets` is a list of the fieldnames of facets to consider.
- `denyfacets` is a list of fieldnames of facets which will not be
considered.
- `usesubfacets` is a boolean - if True, only top-level facets and
subfacets of facets appearing in the query are considered (taking
precedence over `allowfacets` and `denyfacets`).
- `percentcutoff` is the minimum percentage a result must have to be
returned.
- `weightcutoff` is the minimum weight a result must have to be
returned.
- `query_type` is a value indicating the type of query being
performed. If not None, the value is used to influence which facets
are be returned by the get_suggested_facets() function. If the
value of `getfacets` is False, it has no effect.
If neither 'allowfacets' or 'denyfacets' is specified, all fields
holding facets will be considered (but see 'usesubfacets').
"""
if self._index is None:
raise _errors.SearchError("SearchConnection has been closed")
if 'facets' in _checkxapian.missing_features:
if getfacets is not None or \
allowfacets is not None or \
denyfacets is not None or \
usesubfacets is not None or \
query_type is not None:
raise errors.SearchError("Facets unsupported with this release of xapian")
if 'tags' in _checkxapian.missing_features:
if gettags is not None:
raise errors.SearchError("Tags unsupported with this release of xapian")
if checkatleast == -1:
checkatleast = self._index.get_doccount()
enq = _log(_xapian.Enquire, self._index)
enq.set_query(query)
if sortby is not None:
asc = True
if sortby[0] == '-':
asc = False
sortby = sortby[1:]
elif sortby[0] == '+':
sortby = sortby[1:]
try:
slotnum = self._field_mappings.get_slot(sortby, 'collsort')
except KeyError:
raise _errors.SearchError("Field %r was not indexed for sorting" % sortby)
# Note: we invert the "asc" parameter, because xapian treats
# "ascending" as meaning "higher values are better"; in other
# words, it considers "ascending" to mean return results in
# descending order.
enq.set_sort_by_value_then_relevance(slotnum, not asc)
if collapse is not None:
try:
slotnum = self._field_mappings.get_slot(collapse, 'collsort')
except KeyError:
raise _errors.SearchError("Field %r was not indexed for collapsing" % collapse)
enq.set_collapse_key(slotnum)
maxitems = max(endrank - startrank, 0)
# Always check for at least one more result, so we can report whether
# there are more matches.
checkatleast = max(checkatleast, endrank + 1)
# Build the matchspy.
matchspies = []
# First, add a matchspy for any gettags fields
if isinstance(gettags, basestring):
if len(gettags) != 0:
gettags = [gettags]
tagspy = None
if gettags is not None and len(gettags) != 0:
tagspy = _log(_xapian.TermCountMatchSpy)
for field in gettags:
try:
prefix = self._field_mappings.get_prefix(field)
tagspy.add_prefix(prefix)
except KeyError:
raise _errors.SearchError("Field %r was not indexed for tagging" % field)
matchspies.append(tagspy)
# add a matchspy for facet selection here.
facetspy = None
facetfields = []
if getfacets:
if allowfacets is not None and denyfacets is not None:
raise _errors.SearchError("Cannot specify both `allowfacets` and `denyfacets`")
if allowfacets is None:
allowfacets = [key for key in self._field_actions]
if denyfacets is not None:
allowfacets = [key for key in allowfacets if key not in denyfacets]
# include None in queryfacets so a top-level facet will
# satisfy self._facet_hierarchy.get(field) in queryfacets
# (i.e. always include top-level facets)
queryfacets = set([None])
if usesubfacets:
# add facets used in the query to queryfacets
termsiter = query.get_terms_begin()
termsend = query.get_terms_end()
while termsiter != termsend:
prefix = self._get_prefix_from_term(termsiter.get_term())
field = self._field_mappings.get_fieldname_from_prefix(prefix)
if field and FieldActions.FACET in self._field_actions[field]._actions:
queryfacets.add(field)
termsiter.next()
for field in allowfacets:
try:
actions = self._field_actions[field]._actions
except KeyError:
actions = {}
for action, kwargslist in actions.iteritems():
if action == FieldActions.FACET:
# filter out non-top-level facets that aren't subfacets
# of a facet in the query
if usesubfacets and self._facet_hierarchy.get(field) not in queryfacets:
continue
# filter out facets that should never be returned for the query type
if self._facet_query_never(field, query_type):
continue
slot = self._field_mappings.get_slot(field, 'facet')
if facetspy is None:
facetspy = _log(_xapian.CategorySelectMatchSpy)
facettype = None
for kwargs in kwargslist:
facettype = kwargs.get('type', None)
if facettype is not None:
break
if facettype is None or facettype == 'string':
facetspy.add_slot(slot, True)
else:
facetspy.add_slot(slot)
facetfields.append((field, slot, kwargslist))
if facetspy is None:
# Set facetspy to False, to distinguish from no facet
# calculation being performed. (This will prevent an
# error being thrown when the list of suggested facets is
# requested - instead, an empty list will be returned.)
facetspy = False
else:
matchspies.append(facetspy)
# Finally, build a single matchspy to pass to get_mset().
if len(matchspies) == 0:
matchspy = None
elif len(matchspies) == 1:
matchspy = matchspies[0]
else:
matchspy = _log(_xapian.MultipleMatchDecider)
for spy in matchspies:
matchspy.append(spy)
enq.set_docid_order(enq.DONT_CARE)
# Set percentage and weight cutoffs
if percentcutoff is not None or weightcutoff is not None:
if percentcutoff is None:
percentcutoff = 0
if weightcutoff is None:
weightcutoff = 0
enq.set_cutoff(percentcutoff, weightcutoff)
# Repeat the search until we don't get a DatabaseModifiedError
while True:
try:
if matchspy is None:
mset = enq.get_mset(startrank, maxitems, checkatleast)
else:
mset = enq.get_mset(startrank, maxitems, checkatleast,
None, None, matchspy)
break
except _xapian.DatabaseModifiedError, e:
self.reopen()
facet_hierarchy = None
if usesubfacets:
facet_hierarchy = self._facet_hierarchy
return SearchResults(self, enq, query, mset, self._field_mappings,
tagspy, gettags, facetspy, facetfields,
facet_hierarchy,
self._facet_query_table.get(query_type))
def iterids(self):
"""Get an iterator which returns all the ids in the database.
The unqiue_ids are currently returned in binary lexicographical sort
order, but this should not be relied on.
Note that the iterator returned by this method may raise a
xapian.DatabaseModifiedError exception if modifications are committed
to the database while the iteration is in progress. If this happens,
the search connection must be reopened (by calling reopen) and the
iteration restarted.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise _errors.SearchError("SearchConnection has been closed")
return _indexerconnection.PrefixedTermIter('Q', self._index.allterms())
def get_document(self, id):
"""Get the document with the specified unique ID.
Raises a KeyError if there is no such document. Otherwise, it returns
a ProcessedDocument.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise _errors.SearchError("SearchConnection has been closed")
while True:
try:
postlist = self._index.postlist('Q' + id)
try:
plitem = postlist.next()
except StopIteration:
# Unique ID not found
raise KeyError('Unique ID %r not found' % id)
try:
postlist.next()
raise _errors.IndexerError("Multiple documents " #pragma: no cover
"found with same unique ID")
except StopIteration:
# Only one instance of the unique ID found, as it should be.
pass
result = ProcessedDocument(self._field_mappings)
result.id = id
result._doc = self._index.get_document(plitem.docid)
return result
except _xapian.DatabaseModifiedError, e:
self.reopen()
def iter_synonyms(self, prefix=""):
"""Get an iterator over the synonyms.
- `prefix`: if specified, only synonym keys with this prefix will be
returned.
The iterator returns 2-tuples, in which the first item is the key (ie,
a 2-tuple holding the term or terms which will be synonym expanded,
followed by the fieldname specified (or None if no fieldname)), and the
second item is a tuple of strings holding the synonyms for the first
item.
These return values are suitable for the dict() builtin, so you can
write things like:
>>> conn = _indexerconnection.IndexerConnection('foo')
>>> conn.add_synonym('foo', 'bar')
>>> conn.add_synonym('foo bar', 'baz')
>>> conn.add_synonym('foo bar', 'foo baz')
>>> conn.flush()
>>> conn = SearchConnection('foo')
>>> dict(conn.iter_synonyms())
{('foo', None): ('bar',), ('foo bar', None): ('baz', 'foo baz')}
"""
if self._index is None:
raise _errors.SearchError("SearchConnection has been closed")
return _indexerconnection.SynonymIter(self._index, self._field_mappings, prefix)
def get_metadata(self, key):
"""Get an item of metadata stored in the connection.
This returns a value stored by a previous call to
IndexerConnection.set_metadata.
If the value is not found, this will return the empty string.
"""
if self._index is None:
raise _errors.IndexerError("SearchConnection has been closed")
if not hasattr(self._index, 'get_metadata'):
raise _errors.IndexerError("Version of xapian in use does not support metadata")
return _log(self._index.get_metadata, key)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import doctest, sys
doctest.testmod (sys.modules[__name__])
xappy-0.5/xappy/searchconnection_doctest1.txt 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000014035 10736164666 021410 0 ustar richard richard
>>> from datastructures import *
>>> from fieldactions import *
>>> from indexerconnection import *
Open a connection for indexing:
>>> iconn = IndexerConnection('foo')
>>> iconn.add_field_action('author', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('title', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('category', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('text', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('author', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, weight=2)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('title', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, weight=5)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('category', FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('category', FieldActions.SORTABLE)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('category', FieldActions.COLLAPSE)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('text', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, language='en')
Add a set of documents:
>>> for i in xrange(200):
... doc = UnprocessedDocument()
... doc.fields.append(Field('author', 'Richard Boulton'))
... doc.fields.append(Field('category', 'Cat %d' % ((i + 5) % 20)))
... doc.fields.append(Field('text', 'This document is a basic test document.'))
... doc.fields.append(Field('title', 'Test document %d' % i))
... doc.fields.append(Field('text', 'More test text about this document.'))
... id = iconn.add(doc)
We can get a document from the indexer connection, even before flushing, by
using the get_document method. If the id specified is not found, an error is
raised.
>>> iconn.get_document('1').data['category']
['Cat 6']
>>> print iconn.get_document('1000').data['category']
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
KeyError: "Unique ID '1000' not found"
If we open a search connection for a database which doesn't exist, we get an
exception:
>>> sconn = SearchConnection('notpresent')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
DatabaseOpeningError: Couldn't detect type of database
If we open a search connection before flushing, we can't see the recent
modifications:
>>> sconn = SearchConnection('foo')
>>> sconn.get_document('1').data['category']
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
KeyError: "Unique ID '1' not found"
Finally, we get round to flushing the indexer:
>>> iconn.flush()
We still can't see the document from the search connection.
>>> sconn.get_document('1').data['category']
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
KeyError: "Unique ID '1' not found"
Now, open a new search connection - we can see the document:
>>> sconn = SearchConnection('foo')
>>> sconn.get_document('1').data['category']
['Cat 6']
>>> q = sconn.query_parse('document')
>>> results = sconn.search(q, 0, 30)
>>> len(results)
30
>>> [result.id for result in results]
['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', '10', '11', '12', '13', '14', '15', '16', '17', '18', '19', '1a', '1b', '1c', '1d']
>>> result = results.get_hit(0)
>>> result.data['text']
['This document is a basic test document.', 'More test text about this document.']
>>> result.highlight('text')
['This document is a basic test document .', 'More test text about this document .']
>>> result.summarise('text')
'This document is a basic test document .\nMore test text about this document .'
>>> result.summarise('text', maxlen=20)
'This document is a ..'
>>> result.summarise('title', maxlen=20)
'Test document 0'
If we collapse on categories, we just get the top result in each category:
>>> [result.id for result in sconn.search(q, 0, 30, collapse='category')]
['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', '10', '11', '12', '13']
We can't collapse on categories which we're indexed for it:
>>> [result.id for result in sconn.search(q, 0, 30, collapse='author')]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: Field 'author' was not indexed for collapsing
If we sort by category, we get a different order of results:
>>> [':'.join((result.id, result.data['category'][0])) for result in sconn.search(q, 0, 30, sortby='-category')]
['4:Cat 9', '18:Cat 9', '2c:Cat 9', '40:Cat 9', '54:Cat 9', '68:Cat 9', '7c:Cat 9', '90:Cat 9', 'a4:Cat 9', 'b8:Cat 9', '3:Cat 8', '17:Cat 8', '2b:Cat 8', '3f:Cat 8', '53:Cat 8', '67:Cat 8', '7b:Cat 8', '8f:Cat 8', 'a3:Cat 8', 'b7:Cat 8', '2:Cat 7', '16:Cat 7', '2a:Cat 7', '3e:Cat 7', '52:Cat 7', '66:Cat 7', '7a:Cat 7', '8e:Cat 7', 'a2:Cat 7', 'b6:Cat 7']
We can sort in ascending order instead:
>>> [':'.join((result.id, result.data['category'][0])) for result in sconn.search(q, 0, 30, sortby='+category')]
['f:Cat 0', '23:Cat 0', '37:Cat 0', '4b:Cat 0', '5f:Cat 0', '73:Cat 0', '87:Cat 0', '9b:Cat 0', 'af:Cat 0', 'c3:Cat 0', '10:Cat 1', '24:Cat 1', '38:Cat 1', '4c:Cat 1', '60:Cat 1', '74:Cat 1', '88:Cat 1', '9c:Cat 1', 'b0:Cat 1', 'c4:Cat 1', '5:Cat 10', '19:Cat 10', '2d:Cat 10', '41:Cat 10', '55:Cat 10', '69:Cat 10', '7d:Cat 10', '91:Cat 10', 'a5:Cat 10', 'b9:Cat 10']
Ascending order is the default, so we don't actually need the '+':
>>> [':'.join((result.id, result.data['category'][0])) for result in sconn.search(q, 0, 30, sortby='category')]
['f:Cat 0', '23:Cat 0', '37:Cat 0', '4b:Cat 0', '5f:Cat 0', '73:Cat 0', '87:Cat 0', '9b:Cat 0', 'af:Cat 0', 'c3:Cat 0', '10:Cat 1', '24:Cat 1', '38:Cat 1', '4c:Cat 1', '60:Cat 1', '74:Cat 1', '88:Cat 1', '9c:Cat 1', 'b0:Cat 1', 'c4:Cat 1', '5:Cat 10', '19:Cat 10', '2d:Cat 10', '41:Cat 10', '55:Cat 10', '69:Cat 10', '7d:Cat 10', '91:Cat 10', 'a5:Cat 10', 'b9:Cat 10']
We can't collapse on categories which we're indexed for it:
>>> [result.id for result in sconn.search(q, 0, 30, sortby='author')]
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: Field 'author' was not indexed for sorting
We can collapse and sort in a single search:
>>> [':'.join((result.id, result.data['category'][0])) for result in sconn.search(q, 0, 30, collapse="category", sortby='-category')]
['4:Cat 9', '3:Cat 8', '2:Cat 7', '1:Cat 6', '0:Cat 5', '13:Cat 4', '12:Cat 3', '11:Cat 2', 'e:Cat 19', 'd:Cat 18', 'c:Cat 17', 'b:Cat 16', 'a:Cat 15', '9:Cat 14', '8:Cat 13', '7:Cat 12', '6:Cat 11', '5:Cat 10', '10:Cat 1', 'f:Cat 0']
Tidy up after ourselves:
>>> sconn.close()
xappy-0.5/xappy/searchconnection_doctest2.txt 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000052142 11005445111 021363 0 ustar richard richard
>>> from datastructures import *
>>> from fieldactions import *
>>> from indexerconnection import *
Open a connection for indexing:
>>> iconn = IndexerConnection('foo')
>>> iconn.add_field_action('author', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('title', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('category', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('text', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('author', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, weight=2)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('title', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, weight=5)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('category', FieldActions.INDEX_EXACT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('category', FieldActions.SORTABLE)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('category', FieldActions.COLLAPSE)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('category', FieldActions.FACET)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('text', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, language='en',
... spell=True, stop=('basic',))
>>> iconn.add_field_action('date', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('date', FieldActions.COLLAPSE)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('date', FieldActions.SORTABLE, type='date')
>>> iconn.add_field_action('date', FieldActions.COLLAPSE)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('price', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('price', FieldActions.SORTABLE, type='float')
>>> iconn.add_field_action('price', FieldActions.COLLAPSE)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('price', FieldActions.FACET, type='float')
>>> iconn.add_field_action('price3', FieldActions.SORTABLE, type='float')
>>> iconn.add_field_action('price3', FieldActions.FACET, type='float')
>>> iconn.add_field_action('price3', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('facet1', FieldActions.FACET)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('facet2', FieldActions.FACET)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('facet3', FieldActions.FACET)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('facet4', FieldActions.FACET, type='float')
>>> iconn.add_field_action('facet5', FieldActions.FACET)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('facet6', FieldActions.FACET)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('facet7', FieldActions.FACET)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('facet8', FieldActions.FACET, type='float')
>>> iconn.add_field_action('tag', FieldActions.TAG)
# Add this, for a regression test.
>>> iconn.add_field_action('facet9', FieldActions.FACET, type='float')
>>> iconn.add_field_action('facet9', FieldActions.SORTABLE)
A field can only be sorted according to one type:
>>> iconn.add_field_action('date', FieldActions.SORTABLE, type='float')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: Field 'date' is already marked for sorting, with a different sort type
If we set the sort type to an unknown value, we get errors when it is used:
>>> iconn.add_field_action('price2', FieldActions.SORTABLE, type='unknown')
>>> doc = UnprocessedDocument()
>>> doc.fields.append(Field('price2', '1.0'))
>>> iconn.process(doc)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
IndexerError: Unknown sort type 'unknown' for field 'price2'
Make another database which doesn't have any facet fields::
>>> iconn2 = IndexerConnection('foo2')
>>> iconn2.add_field_action('author', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
Add a set of documents, which dates and prices, to test sorting:
>>> for i in xrange(200):
... doc = UnprocessedDocument()
... doc.fields.append(Field('author', 'Richard Boulton'))
... doc.fields.append(Field('category', 'Cat %d' % ((i + 5) % 20)))
... doc.fields.append(Field('text', 'This document is a basic test document.'))
... doc.fields.append(Field('title', 'Test document %d' % i))
... doc.fields.append(Field('text', 'More test text about this document.'))
... doc.fields.append(Field('date', '2007%02d%02d' % (i % 12 + 1, i // 12 + 1)))
... doc.fields.append(Field('price', '%f' % ((float(i) / 7) % 10)))
... doc.fields.append(Field('price3', '%f' % ((float(i) * 6.7))))
... doc.fields.append(Field('facet1', '%d' % (i // 40)))
... doc.fields.append(Field('facet2', '%d' % (i // 20)))
... doc.fields.append(Field('facet3', '%d' % (i // 12)))
... doc.fields.append(Field('facet4', '%d' % (i // 8)))
... doc.fields.append(Field('facet5', '%d' % (i // 5)))
... doc.fields.append(Field('facet6', '0'))
... doc.fields.append(Field('facet7', '2000'))
... doc.fields.append(Field('facet7', '2001'))
... doc.fields.append(Field('facet7', '%d' % (i % 2)))
... doc.fields.append(Field('facet8', '2000'))
... doc.fields.append(Field('facet8', '2001'))
... doc.fields.append(Field('facet8', '%d' % (i % 2)))
... doc.fields.append(Field('facet9', '%d' % (i // 5)))
... doc.fields.append(Field('tag', '%d' % (i % 5)))
... doc.fields.append(Field('tag', '%d' % (i % 9)))
... doc.fields.append(Field('tag', '%d' % (i // 5)))
... id = iconn.add(doc)
... id = iconn2.add(doc)
Add some synonyms:
>>> iconn.add_synonym('document', 'record')
>>> iconn.add_synonym('basic test', 'exam', original_field='text')
>>> iconn.add_synonym('document', 'notrecord')
>>> iconn.add_synonym('documents', 'notrecord')
>>> iconn.remove_synonym('document', 'notrecord')
>>> iconn.clear_synonyms('documents')
>>> iconn.flush()
>>> dict(iconn.iter_synonyms())
{('document', None): ('record',), ('basic test', 'text'): ('exam',)}
>>> dict(iconn.iter_synonyms('doc'))
{('document', None): ('record',)}
>>> dict(iconn.iter_synonyms('toc'))
{}
Now, open a search connection:
>>> sconn = SearchConnection('foo')
>>> sconn2 = SearchConnection('foo2')
We can append a close handler to notify us when the connection is closed.
>>> def closehandler(path, userdata):
... print "Closing connection at path %s: %s" % (path, userdata)
>>> sconn.append_close_handler(closehandler, "Conn1")
>>> sconn2.append_close_handler(closehandler, "Conn2")
First, check the fallback handling for queries with invalid boolean
operations:
>>> q = sconn.query_parse('AND document')
>>> str(q)
'Xapian::Query(((and:(pos=1) AND (Zdocument:(pos=2) SYNONYM record:(pos=2))) AND_MAYBE (and:(pos=1) AND document:(pos=2))))'
Check that spelling correction works:
>>> sconn.spell_correct('docment')
'document'
>>> sconn.spell_correct('document')
'document'
>>> sconn.spell_correct(u'docment')
'document'
>>> sconn.spell_correct(u'document')
'document'
Check that stopwording worked:
>>> q = sconn.query_parse('basic')
>>> results = sconn.search(q, 0, 30)
>>> [result.id for result in results]
[]
Check that synonyms work:
>>> dict(sconn.iter_synonyms())
{('document', None): ('record',), ('basic test', 'text'): ('exam',)}
>>> q = sconn.query_parse('document')
>>> str(q)
'Xapian::Query(((Zdocument:(pos=1) SYNONYM record:(pos=1)) AND_MAYBE document:(pos=1)))'
Remove the synonyms for the remaining tests:
>>> iconn.clear_synonyms('document')
>>> iconn.clear_synonyms('basic test', field='text')
>>> iconn.flush()
>>> sconn.reopen()
>>> dict(sconn.iter_synonyms())
{}
Now, parse a simple query.
>>> q = sconn.query_parse('document')
>>> str(q)
'Xapian::Query((Zdocument:(pos=1) AND_MAYBE document:(pos=1)))'
>>> results = sconn.search(q, 0, 30)
>>> [result.id for result in results]
['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', '10', '11', '12', '13', '14', '15', '16', '17', '18', '19', '1a', '1b', '1c', '1d']
>>> results = sconn.search(q, 0, 30, sortby="price")
>>> prev_price = results[0].data['price']
>>> for price in (result.data['price'] for result in results):
... assert(price >= prev_price)
... prev_price = price
>>> [int(result.id, 16) for result in results]
[0, 70, 140, 1, 71, 141, 2, 72, 142, 3, 73, 143, 4, 74, 144, 5, 75, 145, 6, 76, 146, 7, 77, 147, 8, 78, 148, 9, 79, 149]
>>> [result.data['price'] for result in results]
[['0.000000'], ['0.000000'], ['0.000000'], ['0.142857'], ['0.142857'], ['0.142857'], ['0.285714'], ['0.285714'], ['0.285714'], ['0.428571'], ['0.428571'], ['0.428571'], ['0.571429'], ['0.571429'], ['0.571429'], ['0.714286'], ['0.714286'], ['0.714286'], ['0.857143'], ['0.857143'], ['0.857143'], ['1.000000'], ['1.000000'], ['1.000000'], ['1.142857'], ['1.142857'], ['1.142857'], ['1.285714'], ['1.285714'], ['1.285714']]
>>> results = sconn.search(q, 0, 30, sortby="-price")
>>> prev_price = results[0].data['price']
>>> for price in (result.data['price'] for result in results):
... assert(price <= prev_price)
... prev_price = price
>>> [int(result.id, 16) for result in results]
[69, 139, 68, 138, 67, 137, 66, 136, 65, 135, 64, 134, 63, 133, 62, 132, 61, 131, 60, 130, 59, 129, 199, 58, 128, 198, 57, 127, 197, 56]
>>> results = sconn.search(q, 0, 30, sortby="date")
>>> prev_date = results[0].data['date']
>>> for date in (result.data['date'] for result in results):
... assert(date >= prev_date)
... prev_date = date
>>> [int(result.id, 16) for result in results]
[0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180, 192, 1, 13, 25, 37, 49, 61, 73, 85, 97, 109, 121, 133, 145]
>>> results = sconn.search(q, 0, 30, sortby="-date")
>>> prev_date = results[0].data['date']
>>> for date in (result.data['date'] for result in results):
... assert(date <= prev_date)
... prev_date = date
>>> [int(result.id, 16) for result in results]
[191, 179, 167, 155, 143, 131, 119, 107, 95, 83, 71, 59, 47, 35, 23, 11, 190, 178, 166, 154, 142, 130, 118, 106, 94, 82, 70, 58, 46, 34]
Get a list of the facets and tags relevant for the search
>>> results2 = sconn.search(sconn.query_all(), 0, 30, checkatleast=200,
... sortby="-date", gettags=('tag'), getfacets=True)
>>> [int(result.id, 16) for result in results2]
[191, 179, 167, 155, 143, 131, 119, 107, 95, 83, 71, 59, 47, 35, 23, 11, 190, 178, 166, 154, 142, 130, 118, 106, 94, 82, 70, 58, 46, 34]
>>> results2.get_top_tags('tag', 8)
[('0', 62), ('1', 62), ('3', 61), ('2', 60), ('4', 60), ('5', 27), ('7', 27), ('6', 26)]
>>> [(facet[0], len(facet[1])) for facet in results2.get_suggested_facets(maxfacets=10)]
[('price3', 7), ('facet1', 5), ('facet4', 5), ('facet2', 10), ('facet9', 4), ('price', 4), ('facet8', 2), ('facet3', 17), ('category', 20), ('facet5', 40)]
>>> [(facet[0], facet[1]) for facet in results2.get_suggested_facets(maxfacets=5)]
[('price3', [((0.0, 194.30000000000001), 30), ((201.0, 395.30000000000001), 30), ((402.0, 596.29999999999995), 30), ((603.0, 797.29999999999995), 30), ((804.0, 998.29999999999995), 30), ((1005.0, 1199.3), 30), ((1206.0, 1333.3), 20)]), ('facet1', [('0', 40), ('1', 40), ('2', 40), ('3', 40), ('4', 40)]), ('facet4', [((0.0, 4.0), 40), ((5.0, 9.0), 40), ((10.0, 14.0), 40), ((15.0, 19.0), 40), ((20.0, 24.0), 40)]), ('facet2', [('0', 20), ('1', 20), ('2', 20), ('3', 20), ('4', 20), ('5', 20), ('6', 20), ('7', 20), ('8', 20), ('9', 20)]), ('facet9', [((0.0, 9.0), 50), ((10.0, 19.0), 50), ((20.0, 29.0), 50), ((30.0, 39.0), 50)])]
>>> [(facet[0], len(facet[1])) for facet in results2.get_suggested_facets(maxfacets=5, required_facets='price3')]
[('price3', 7), ('facet1', 5), ('facet4', 5), ('facet2', 10), ('facet9', 4)]
>>> [(facet[0], len(facet[1])) for facet in results2.get_suggested_facets(maxfacets=5, required_facets='facet8')]
[('price3', 7), ('facet1', 5), ('facet4', 5), ('facet2', 10), ('facet8', 2)]
>>> [(facet[0], len(facet[1])) for facet in results2.get_suggested_facets(maxfacets=5, required_facets=('facet8', 'price', 'facet7'))]
[('price3', 7), ('facet1', 5), ('price', 4), ('facet8', 2), ('facet7', 4)]
>>> [(facet[0], len(facet[1])) for facet in results2.get_suggested_facets(maxfacets=5, required_facets=('facet8', 'price', 'facet7', 'price3', 'facet1'))]
[('price3', 7), ('facet1', 5), ('price', 4), ('facet8', 2), ('facet7', 4)]
>>> [(facet[0], len(facet[1])) for facet in results2.get_suggested_facets(maxfacets=5, required_facets=('facet8', 'price', 'facet7', 'price3', 'facet1', 'facet4'))]
[('price3', 7), ('facet1', 5), ('facet4', 5), ('price', 4), ('facet8', 2), ('facet7', 4)]
We can use a facet to restrict the search results:
>>> results3 = sconn.search(sconn.query_facet('price3', (0.0, 200.0)), 0, 30,
... checkatleast=200, getfacets=True)
Check that the restriction was satisfied by all the results:
>>> False in [float(result.data['price3'][0]) <= 200 for result in results3]
False
Getting the list of facets when there is a facet restriction in place will
return a different selection (based on the documents satisfying the
restriction):
>>> [(facet[0], len(facet[1])) for facet in results3.get_suggested_facets(maxfacets=5)]
[('facet5', 6), ('facet9', 6), ('price', 5), ('price3', 4), ('facet4', 4)]
The suggestions for the facet we've already restricted by are for sub-values
within the range:
>>> results3.get_suggested_facets(maxfacets=5)[3]
('price3', [((0.0, 46.899999999999999), 8), ((53.600000000000001, 93.799999999999997), 7), ((100.5, 147.40000000000001), 8), ((154.09999999999999, 194.30000000000001), 7)])
Regression test: this used to give an error
>>> results3 = sconn.search(sconn.query_facet('facet9', (0.0, 5.0)), 0, 30,
... checkatleast=200, getfacets=True)
A facet which only contains one value in the matching documents will never be
returned as a suggestion::
>>> results3 = sconn.search(sconn.query_facet('facet5', '5'), 0, 30,
... checkatleast=200, getfacets=True,
... allowfacets=('facet5', 'facet6'))
>>> results3.matches_estimated
5
>>> results3.get_suggested_facets()
[]
Facet fields may contain multiple values in a single document, unless the type
is "float" (in which case, only the final value specified in a given document
will be stored). Therefore, we expect facet8 to _not_ include the 2000 and
2001 values, but facet7 should include them:
>>> results3 = sconn.search(sconn.query_all(), 0, 30,
... checkatleast=200, getfacets=True,
... allowfacets=('facet7', 'facet8'))
>>> results3.get_suggested_facets()
[('facet8', [((0.0, 0.0), 100), ((1.0, 1.0), 100)]), ('facet7', [('0', 100), ('1', 100), ('2000', 200), ('2001', 200)])]
Even if the database doesn't contain any facets, getting the list of suggested
facets should return an empty list (this is a regression test - this used to
raise an exception).
>>> results3 = sconn2.search(sconn2.query_all(), 0, 30,
... checkatleast=200, getfacets=True)
>>> results3.get_suggested_facets()
[]
We can also filter the results by a range of the sortable values - for
example, dates:
>>> fq = sconn.query_filter(q, sconn.query_range('date', '20070205', '20070207'))
>>> results = sconn.search(fq, 0, 30, sortby="date")
>>> [int(result.id, 16) for result in results]
[49, 61, 73]
>>> for result in results:
... print "%r,%r" % (result.data['date'], result.get_value('date', 'collsort'))
['20070205'],'20070205'
['20070206'],'20070206'
['20070207'],'20070207'
We can specify semi-infinite ranges by specifying None for one of the
endpoints:
>>> fq = sconn.query_filter(q, sconn.query_range('date', None, '20070104'))
>>> results = sconn.search(fq, 0, 30, sortby="date")
>>> for result in results:
... print "%r,%r" % (result.data['date'], result.get_value('date', 'collsort'))
['20070101'],'20070101'
['20070102'],'20070102'
['20070103'],'20070103'
['20070104'],'20070104'
>>> fq = sconn.query_filter(q, sconn.query_range('date', '20071214', None))
>>> results = sconn.search(fq, 0, 30, sortby="date")
>>> for result in results:
... print "%r,%r" % (result.data['date'], result.get_value('date', 'collsort'))
['20071214'],'20071214'
['20071215'],'20071215'
['20071216'],'20071216'
We can use a filter to exclude results which match a particular sub-query,
instead of to include only those which match.
>>> fq = sconn.query_filter(q, sconn.query_range('date', '20070105', '20071214'), exclude=True)
>>> results = sconn.search(fq, 0, 30, sortby="date")
>>> [int(result.id, 16) for result in results]
[0, 12, 24, 36, 179, 191]
>>> for result in results:
... print "%r,%r" % (result.data['date'], result.get_value('date', 'collsort'))
['20070101'],'20070101'
['20070102'],'20070102'
['20070103'],'20070103'
['20070104'],'20070104'
['20071215'],'20071215'
['20071216'],'20071216'
Or we can restrict by numerical range:
>>> fq = sconn.query_filter(q, sconn.query_range('price', '0.1428', '0.5'))
>>> results = sconn.search(fq, 0, 30, sortby="date")
>>> [int(result.id, 16) for result in results]
[72, 1, 73, 2, 3, 141, 142, 71, 143]
>>> [(result.data['price'][0]) for result in results]
['0.285714', '0.142857', '0.428571', '0.285714', '0.428571', '0.142857', '0.285714', '0.142857', '0.428571']
>>> fq = sconn.query_range('price', '0.1428', '0.5')
>>> results = sconn.search(fq, 0, 30, sortby="date")
>>> [int(result.id, 16) for result in results]
[72, 1, 73, 2, 3, 141, 142, 71, 143]
If the end of the range is lower than the start, no results can match
>>> fq = sconn.query_filter(q, sconn.query_range('price', '0.5', '0.1428'))
>>> results = sconn.search(fq, 0, 30, sortby="date")
>>> [int(result.id, 16) for result in results]
[]
We can also adjust the weights of one query using a second query:
>>> q = sconn.query_adjust(q, sconn.query_parse('cat'))
>>> str(q)
'Xapian::Query(((Zdocument:(pos=1) AND_MAYBE document:(pos=1)) AND_MAYBE (Zcat:(pos=1) AND_MAYBE cat:(pos=1))))'
If invalid values are supplied to query_range, a SearchError is raised
>>> sconn.query_range('date', '0.1428', '0.5')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: Value supplied to field 'date' must be a valid date: was '0.1428': error is 'Unrecognised date format'
Do a search which matches all documents:
>>> q = sconn.query_all()
>>> str(q)
'Xapian::Query()'
>>> results = sconn.search(q, 0, 30)
>>> len(results)
30
>>> results
Do a search which uses a restricted set of default fields:
>>> q = sconn.query_parse('richard', default_allow='author')
>>> str(q)
'Xapian::Query((ZXArichard:(pos=1) AND_MAYBE XArichard:(pos=1)))'
>>> q = sconn.query_parse('richard', default_deny='category')
>>> str(q)
'Xapian::Query(((ZXArichard:(pos=1) OR ZXBrichard:(pos=1) OR ZXDrichard:(pos=1)) AND_MAYBE (XArichard:(pos=1) OR XBrichard:(pos=1) OR XDrichard:(pos=1))))'
Do a search which multiplies the weights by 2:
>>> q = sconn.query_multweight(sconn.query_parse('richard', default_allow='author'), 2)
>>> str(q)
'Xapian::Query(2 * (ZXArichard:(pos=1) AND_MAYBE XArichard:(pos=1)))'
>>> q2 = sconn.query_parse('richard', default_deny='author')
>>> q = sconn.query_composite(sconn.OP_OR, (q, q2))
>>> str(q)
'Xapian::Query((2 * (ZXArichard:(pos=1) AND_MAYBE XArichard:(pos=1)) OR ((ZXBrichard:(pos=1) OR ZXDrichard:(pos=1)) AND_MAYBE (XBrichard:(pos=1) OR XDrichard:(pos=1)))))'
Do a similarity search
>>> q = sconn.query_parse('document (2 OR 5 OR 8)')
>>> results = sconn.search(q, 0, 5, sortby="date")
>>> len(results)
3
>>> ids = [result.id for result in results]
>>> len(ids)
3
>>> sconn.significant_terms(ids, maxterms=5)
[('title', '8'), ('title', '5'), ('title', '2'), ('title', 'test'), ('title', 'document')]
>>> q2 = sconn.query_similar(ids, simterms=5)
>>> str(q2)
'Xapian::Query((XB8 ELITE_SET 5 XB5 ELITE_SET 5 XB2 ELITE_SET 5 XBtest ELITE_SET 5 XBdocument))'
>>> q2 = sconn.query_similar(ids, simterms=5, allow='text')
>>> str(q2)
'Xapian::Query((XDdocument ELITE_SET 5 XDthis ELITE_SET 5 XDtest ELITE_SET 5 XDtext ELITE_SET 5 XDmore))'
Try a search with various weight cutoff restrictions:
>>> results = sconn.search(sconn.query_parse('richard OR 7 OR 7 OR 8'), 0, 5, sortby="date")
>>> [(result.id, result.percent, int(result.weight * 10)) for result in results]
[('7', 55, 326), ('8', 27, 163)]
>>> results = sconn.search(sconn.query_parse('richard OR 7 OR 7 OR 8'), 0, 5, sortby="date", percentcutoff=30)
>>> [(result.id, result.percent, int(result.weight * 10)) for result in results]
[('7', 55, 326)]
>>> results = sconn.search(sconn.query_parse('richard OR 7 OR 7 OR 8'), 0, 5, sortby="date", weightcutoff=20)
>>> [(result.id, result.percent, int(result.weight * 10)) for result in results]
[('7', 55, 326)]
>>> results = sconn.search(sconn.query_parse('richard OR 7 OR 7 OR 8'), 0, 5, sortby="date", percentcutoff=56)
>>> [(result.id, result.percent, int(result.weight * 10)) for result in results]
[]
>>> results = sconn.search(sconn.query_parse('richard OR 7 OR 7 OR 8'), 0, 5, sortby="date", weightcutoff=33)
>>> [(result.id, result.percent, int(result.weight * 10)) for result in results]
[]
Do a similarity search with an ID which isn't in the database:
>>> q2 = sconn.query_similar('foo', simterms=5)
>>> str(q2)
'Xapian::Query()'
Check the expand decider used by similarity reordering of queries.
>>> res = sconn.search(q2, 0, 5)
>>> ed = res._make_expand_decider('title')
>>> ed('foo')
False
>>> ed('XBA:foo')
False
>>> ed('XBAfoo')
False
>>> ed('XB:foo')
True
>>> ed('XBfoo')
True
>>> ed('ZXBfoo')
True
>>> ed('ZXBfoo')
True
Find the interesting terms in a set of documents:
>>> [(docid, sconn.significant_terms(docid, 3)) for docid in sconn.iterids()][:3]
[('0', [('title', '0'), ('title', 'test'), ('title', 'document')]), ('1', [('title', '1'), ('title', 'test'), ('title', 'document')]), ('10', [('title', '16'), ('title', 'test'), ('title', 'document')])]
Tidy up after ourselves:
>>> sconn.close()
Closing connection at path foo: Conn1
>>> del sconn
>>> del sconn2
>>> del result
>>> del results
>>> del results2
>>> del results3
Closing connection at path foo2: Conn2
xappy-0.5/xappy/searchconnection_doctest3.txt 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000006074 10752030064 021374 0 ustar richard richard
This file mainly contains tests for error handling conditions.
>>> from datastructures import *
>>> from fieldactions import *
>>> from indexerconnection import *
Open a connection for indexing:
>>> iconn = IndexerConnection('foo')
>>> iconn.add_field_action('title', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('text', FieldActions.STORE_CONTENT)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('text', FieldActions.INDEX_FREETEXT, language='en',
... spell=True, stop=('basic',))
>>> iconn.add_field_action('tag', FieldActions.TAG)
>>> iconn.add_field_action('tag2', FieldActions.TAG)
>>> for i in xrange(20):
... doc = UnprocessedDocument()
... doc.fields.append(Field('text', 'This is basic test document %d.' % i))
... doc.fields.append(Field('title', 'Test document %d' % i))
... id = iconn.add(doc)
Test getting and setting metadata:
>>> iconn.get_metadata('foo')
''
>>> iconn.set_metadata('foo', 'bar')
>>> iconn.get_metadata('foo')
'bar'
>>> iconn.flush()
Now, open a search connection:
>>> sconn = SearchConnection('foo')
Now, parse a simple query.
>>> q = sconn.query_parse('document')
>>> results = sconn.search(q, 0, 20)
>>> [result.id for result in results]
['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', '10', '11', '12', '13']
>>> result = results.get_hit(0)
>>> result.summarise('text')
'This is basic test document 0.'
>>> result.summarise('title')
'Test document 0'
The maxlen (in characters) can be specified:
>>> result.summarise('text', 5)
'This..'
If it's specified as a string (eg, unconverted output from a webapp) it should
still work:
>>> result.summarise('text', '5')
'This..'
Asking for a summary of a field which isn't known will raise a KeyError.
>>> result.summarise('titl')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
KeyError: 'titl'
Asking for a top tags of a field when no fields were specified for counting
tags will raise a SearchError.
>>> results.get_top_tags('title', 100)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: Field 'title' was not specified for getting tags
Asking for tags in a field which wasn't indexed for tagging will return an
error:
>>> results = sconn.search(q, 0, 20, gettags='title')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: Field 'title' was not indexed for tagging
Asking for top tags of a field which wasn't specified for counting tags will
raise a SearchError.
>>> results = sconn.search(q, 0, 20, gettags='tag')
>>> results.get_top_tags('tag', 100)
[]
>>> results.get_top_tags('tag2', 100)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: Field 'tag2' was not specified for getting tags
>>> results.get_top_tags('text', 100)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: Field 'text' was not specified for getting tags
Asking for suggested facets if none were calculated raises a SearchError:
>>> results.get_suggested_facets('text')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
SearchError: Facet selection wasn't enabled when the search was run
Test getting metadata:
>>> sconn.get_metadata('foo1')
''
>>> sconn.get_metadata('foo')
'bar'
xappy-0.5/xappy.egg-info/ 0000755 0001750 0001750 00000000000 11005556727 015174 5 ustar richard richard xappy-0.5/xappy.egg-info/PKG-INFO 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000003125 11005556727 016272 0 ustar richard richard Metadata-Version: 1.0
Name: xappy
Version: 0.5
Summary: Easy-to-use interface to the Xapian search engine
Home-page: http://code.google.com/p/xappy
Author: Richard Boulton
Author-email: richard@lemurconsulting.com
License: GPL
Download-URL: http://xappy.googlecode.com/files/xappy-0.5.tar.gz
Description:
The "xappy" python module is an easy-to-use interface to the Xapian search
engine. Xapian provides a low level interface, dealing with terms and
documents, but not really worrying about where terms come from, or how to build
searches to match the way in which data has been indexed. In contrast, "xappy"
allows you to design a field structure, specifying what kind of information is
held in particular fields, and then uses this field structure to index data
appropriately, and to build and perform searches.
Xappy is not yet stable - in particular, both the API and database format will
change in future releases. If you wish to use it, we recommend that you
subscribe to the xappy-discuss mailing list (see
http://groups.google.com/group/xappy-discuss) to keep up-to-date with changes
to Xappy.
Platform: Any
Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: GNU General Public License (GPL)
Classifier: Programming Language :: C++
Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Indexing/Search
Classifier: Operating System :: MacOS
Classifier: Operating System :: Microsoft
Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX
xappy-0.5/xappy.egg-info/SOURCES.txt 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000012116 11005556727 017061 0 ustar richard richard AUTHORS
COPYING_GPL
ChangeLog
MANIFEST.in
README
build.py
eggsetup.py
setup.py
docs/introduction.html
docs/introduction.rst
docs/running_perftest.txt
docs/api/api-objects.txt
docs/api/class-tree.html
docs/api/crarr.png
docs/api/epydoc.css
docs/api/epydoc.js
docs/api/frames.html
docs/api/help.html
docs/api/identifier-index.html
docs/api/index.html
docs/api/module-tree.html
docs/api/redirect.html
docs/api/toc-everything.html
docs/api/toc-xappy-module.html
docs/api/toc-xappy._checkxapian-module.html
docs/api/toc-xappy.datastructures-module.html
docs/api/toc-xappy.errors-module.html
docs/api/toc-xappy.fieldactions-module.html
docs/api/toc-xappy.fieldmappings-module.html
docs/api/toc-xappy.highlight-module.html
docs/api/toc-xappy.indexerconnection-module.html
docs/api/toc-xappy.marshall-module.html
docs/api/toc-xappy.memutils-module.html
docs/api/toc-xappy.parsedate-module.html
docs/api/toc-xappy.replaylog-module.html
docs/api/toc-xappy.schema-module.html
docs/api/toc-xappy.searchconnection-module.html
docs/api/toc.html
docs/api/xappy-module.html
docs/api/xappy-pysrc.html
docs/api/xappy._checkxapian-module.html
docs/api/xappy._checkxapian-pysrc.html
docs/api/xappy.datastructures-module.html
docs/api/xappy.datastructures-pysrc.html
docs/api/xappy.datastructures.Field-class.html
docs/api/xappy.datastructures.ProcessedDocument-class.html
docs/api/xappy.datastructures.UnprocessedDocument-class.html
docs/api/xappy.errors-module.html
docs/api/xappy.errors-pysrc.html
docs/api/xappy.errors.IndexerError-class.html
docs/api/xappy.errors.SearchEngineError-class.html
docs/api/xappy.errors.SearchError-class.html
docs/api/xappy.errors.XapianError-class.html
docs/api/xappy.fieldactions-module.html
docs/api/xappy.fieldactions-pysrc.html
docs/api/xappy.fieldactions.ActionContext-class.html
docs/api/xappy.fieldactions.FieldActions-class.html
docs/api/xappy.fieldactions.SortableMarshaller-class.html
docs/api/xappy.fieldmappings-module.html
docs/api/xappy.fieldmappings-pysrc.html
docs/api/xappy.fieldmappings.FieldMappings-class.html
docs/api/xappy.highlight-module.html
docs/api/xappy.highlight-pysrc.html
docs/api/xappy.highlight.Highlighter-class.html
docs/api/xappy.indexerconnection-module.html
docs/api/xappy.indexerconnection-pysrc.html
docs/api/xappy.indexerconnection.FacetQueryTypeIter-class.html
docs/api/xappy.indexerconnection.IndexerConnection-class.html
docs/api/xappy.indexerconnection.PrefixedTermIter-class.html
docs/api/xappy.indexerconnection.SynonymIter-class.html
docs/api/xappy.marshall-module.html
docs/api/xappy.marshall-pysrc.html
docs/api/xappy.memutils-module.html
docs/api/xappy.memutils-pysrc.html
docs/api/xappy.parsedate-module.html
docs/api/xappy.parsedate-pysrc.html
docs/api/xappy.replaylog-module.html
docs/api/xappy.replaylog-pysrc.html
docs/api/xappy.replaylog.LoggedProxy-class.html
docs/api/xappy.replaylog.LoggedProxyMethod-class.html
docs/api/xappy.replaylog.NotifyingDeleteObject-class.html
docs/api/xappy.replaylog.ReplayLog-class.html
docs/api/xappy.schema-module.html
docs/api/xappy.schema-pysrc.html
docs/api/xappy.schema.Schema-class.html
docs/api/xappy.searchconnection-module.html
docs/api/xappy.searchconnection-pysrc.html
docs/api/xappy.searchconnection.SearchConnection-class.html
docs/api/xappy.searchconnection.SearchConnection.ExpandDecider-class.html
docs/api/xappy.searchconnection.SearchResult-class.html
docs/api/xappy.searchconnection.SearchResultIter-class.html
docs/api/xappy.searchconnection.SearchResults-class.html
examples/fileindex.py
examples/search.py
libs/get_xapian.py
perftest/analyse_indexlogs.py
perftest/analyse_searchlogs.py
perftest/gen_queries.py
perftest/indexer.py
perftest/parseargs.py
perftest/perftest.py
perftest/searcher.py
perftest/setuppaths.py
perftest/parse_wikipedia/Errors.py
perftest/parse_wikipedia/HTMLUtils.py
perftest/parse_wikipedia/XMLUtils.py
perftest/parse_wikipedia/wiki2dump.py
secore/__init__.py
secore/datastructures.py
secore/errors.py
secore/fieldactions.py
secore/fieldmappings.py
secore/highlight.py
secore/indexerconnection.py
secore/marshall.py
secore/parsedate.py
secore/searchconnection.py
testdata/query_sourcewords.txt
testsuite/coverage.py
testsuite/runtests.py
testsuite/unittests/facet_hierarchy_1.py
testsuite/unittests/facet_query_type_1.py
testsuite/unittests/freetext_1.py
testsuite/unittests/spell_correct_1.py
utils/make_xappy_tarballs
xappy/__init__.py
xappy/_checkxapian.py
xappy/datastructures.py
xappy/datastructures_doctest1.txt
xappy/errors.py
xappy/errors_doctest1.txt
xappy/fieldactions.py
xappy/fieldmappings.py
xappy/fieldmappings_doctest1.txt
xappy/highlight.py
xappy/highlight_doctest1.txt
xappy/indexerconnection.py
xappy/indexerconnection_doctest1.txt
xappy/indexerconnection_doctest2.txt
xappy/indexerconnection_doctest3.txt
xappy/marshall.py
xappy/marshall_doctest1.txt
xappy/marshall_doctest2.txt
xappy/memutils.py
xappy/parsedate.py
xappy/parsedate_doctest1.txt
xappy/replaylog.py
xappy/schema.py
xappy/searchconnection.py
xappy/searchconnection_doctest1.txt
xappy/searchconnection_doctest2.txt
xappy/searchconnection_doctest3.txt
xappy.egg-info/PKG-INFO
xappy.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
xappy.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
xappy.egg-info/top_level.txt xappy-0.5/xappy.egg-info/dependency_links.txt 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000000001 11005556727 021242 0 ustar richard richard
xappy-0.5/xappy.egg-info/top_level.txt 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000000006 11005556727 017722 0 ustar richard richard xappy
xappy-0.5/AUTHORS 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000002751 10770032527 013411 0 ustar richard richard Authors
=======
The Xappy module and accompanying documentation and testsuite (excluding
coverage.py) is Copyright (C) 2007 Lemur Consulting Ltd. It is released under
the GPL license; see the file COPYING_GPL in this directory for details.
Major code and design
---------------------
Richard Boulton (lead developer)
Tom Mortimer (highlighting and summarisation)
Tom Winch (facet heirarchy)
Thanks are due to MyDeco (http://mydeco.com/) who have supported much of the
development of Xappy.
Bug reports and comments
------------------------
Thanks are due to the following individuals for helpful comments, bug reports
and small patches:
Bruno Rezende
Third party code
----------------
The coverage.py file in the testsuite is Copyright 2001 Gareth Rees and
Copyright 2004-2006 Ned Batchelder. See the end of that file for details of
its licensing.
Sample data
-----------
The "testdata/query_sourcewords.txt" file contains a copy of
/usr/share/dict/words from the "dictionaries-common" package in a
Debian installation:
Copyright (C) 1999-2003 Rafael Laboissiere
Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Agustín Martín Domingo
Copyright (C) 2003-2004 René Engelhard
dictionaries-common is released under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2,
or at your option, any later version. (see /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL).
"testdata/query_sourcewords.txt" also contains a copy of the text of John
Milton's "Paradise Lost", taken from Project Gutenberg.
xappy-0.5/COPYING_GPL 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000043103 10667526240 014077 0 ustar richard richard GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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xappy-0.5/ChangeLog 0000644 0001750 0001750 00000124574 11005555653 014125 0 ustar richard richard Tue Apr 29 08:25:59 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* MANIFEST.in,setup.py: Update setup.py and MANIFEST ready for 0.5
release.
Tue Apr 29 07:58:10 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* libs/get_xapian.py,utils/make_xappy_tarballs: Update scripts to
get custom version of xapian to latest version.
Mon Apr 28 23:25:46 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* xappy/: Add check that xapian is at at least version 1.0.6; raise
ImportError at import time if version is too old. Add checks for
a version of xapian with sufficient features to support tags and
facets, and disable those features if they're not present: an
exception will be raised when tag or facet features are used if
the xapian version is too old.
Fri Apr 25 12:23:09 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* testsuite/runtests.py: Copy fixes from xapian_1.0 branch to make
the testsuite pass on windows.
Thu Apr 17 23:07:35 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* testsuite/unittests/freetext_1.py: New unit test for the
search_by_default and allow_field_specific fields.
Thu Apr 17 22:04:34 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* docs/introduction.rst,xappy/fieldactions.py,
xappy/searchconnection.py: Add allow_field_specific and
search_by_default flags to INDEX_FREETEXT action.
Sat Mar 29 16:59:23 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Fix some "foo if bar" constructions
which broken python2.4. Should now work with python 2.4 again.
Wed Mar 26 08:14:27 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* xappy/fieldactions.py: Tidy up the imports in this file, too.
Wed Mar 26 07:52:47 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* xappy/__init__.py,xappy/datastructures.py,
xappy/indexerconnection.py: Remove several "import *" lines from
__init__.py, replacing them by importing the specific symbols
desired. Remove the nasty renaming of imported symbols in the
files thus imported, since this was to work around polluting the
namespace when "import *" was used.
Tue Mar 25 12:46:33 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* testsuite/unittests/facet_query_type_1.py,xappy/indexerconnection.py,
xappy/searchconnection.py: More facet selection improvements from
Tom Winch: allow a set of associations between query types and
facets to be stored in the database configuration, and use these
facets to either prevent or prefer certain facets from being
chosen for a particular query type. (Query types are specified
by an additional parameter to the search() method.)
Wed Mar 19 01:42:29 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* xappy/indexerconnection.py,xappy/searchconnection.py: Remove
backwards compatibility support for reading fieldactions from a
file. It just makes the code more complex, and xappy really
needs to use a more recent version of xapian.
Tue Mar 18 21:34:29 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* AUTHORS: Add Tom Winch.
Tue Mar 18 21:29:25 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* testsuite/unittests/facet_hierarchy_1.py,xappy/indexerconnection.py,
xappy/searchconnection.py: Add support for defining a facet
heirarchy, for use when selecting facets. Not yet used, but is
stored in the database configuration, and available to both the
indexer connection and the search connection.
Mon Mar 17 16:46:33 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Fix setting of stemmer so that it
still works with replaylog enabled.
Thu Feb 21 13:12:03 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* libs/get_xapian.py: Update to new tarballs which actually work,
this time.
Thu Feb 21 01:54:18 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* libs/get_xapian.py: Revert to earlier tarballs - the new ones
don't work.
Thu Feb 21 01:50:17 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* libs/get_xapian.py: Update with new tarballs.
Thu Feb 21 01:23:46 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* utils/make_xappy_tarballs: Update the branchpoint version
numbers.
Tue Feb 05 09:59:50 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* libs/get_xapian.py: Upgrade version of xapian used to one which
contains database replication functionality.
Tue Feb 05 09:45:27 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* xappy/indexerconnection.py,xappy/searchconnection.py,
xappy/searchconnection_doctest3.txt: Add interface to
IndexerConnection for setting and getting metadata, and interface
to SearchConnection for getting metadata.
Mon Feb 04 00:58:05 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Cope with a facet being declared as
SORTABLE, but without a type, but of facet type float. (Treat the
facet search as a numeric range, correctly - used to fail to
serialise the numbers correctly.)
* xappy/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Add regression test.
Sat Feb 02 17:59:24 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* xappy/indexerconnection.py: Add simple work-around for synonyms -
allow a field to be specified for the original word separately
from the synonym. Needs tidying up, but allows slightly more
flexibility in synonyms.
* xappy/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Adjust test accordingly.
Sat Feb 02 13:14:29 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* xappy/indexerconnection.py,xappy/searchconnection.py: Backwards
compatibility fix for reading the metadata: if the config isn't
in the metadata key, or metadata isn't supported by the version
of xapian in use, read it from the file. When writing the
config, if it can't be stored in the metadata, store it in a
file. A database can now be upgraded to use the new metadata
method simply by opening an indexerconnection on it, and then
closing it.
Sat Feb 02 12:47:33 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* utils/make_xappy_tarballs: Tidy up tarball making script.
Sat Feb 02 12:44:59 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Add faster implementation of expand
decider, using a regexp for the prefixes.
* xappy/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Test it.
Mon Jan 28 15:13:04 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* xappy/indexerconnection.py,xappy/searchconnection.py: Change the
storage of the settings from a file in the database directory to
be in a metadata. This change allow the forthcoming replication
support to copy databases without losing their settings, and
should also be helpful when we implement remote database support.
Wed Jan 23 22:27:50 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* libs/get_xapian.py: Even newer xapian tarball - containing more
fixes from charlie for windows.
Wed Jan 23 16:04:12 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* libs/get_xapian.py,utils/make_xappy_tarballs: Update xapian
tarballs - mainly to get fixes for the build system on windows.
Thu Jan 10 00:28:26 UTC 2008 Richard Boulton
* libs/get_xapian.py: Update to get latest archives.
Thu Jan 10 00:04:51 UTC 2008 Richard Boulton
* utils/make_xappy_tarballs: Update with new branchpoint.
Wed Jan 09 22:50:36 UTC 2008 Richard Boulton
* utils/make_xappy_tarballs: Update with version numbers for latest
branches.
* libs/get_xapian.py: Update with details of latest tarballs, which
include OP_VALUE_GE and OP_VALUE_LE.
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Allow None to be specified as the
begin or end or a range query - allows half ranges to be
specified.
* xappy/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Test passing None as the end
parameters of a range query.
Wed Jan 09 22:46:31 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* utils/make_xappy_tarballs: Update with version numbers for latest
branches.
* libs/get_xapian.py: Update with details of latest tarballs, which
include OP_VALUE_GE and OP_VALUE_LE.
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Allow None to be specified as the
begin or end or a range query - allows half ranges to be
specified.
* xappy/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Test passing None as the
end parameters of a range query.
Mon Jan 07 19:47:36 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* libs/get_xapian.py: New script (taken from flax) to download the
xapian tarballs and unpack them, ready to be built.
* libs/*.tgz: Remove the tarballs from svn - they were too big to
be kept here. They're now hosted on the googlecode download
area, which should be as reliable as the googlecode svn server.
* utils/make_xappy_tarballs: Update with new version numbers.
Mon Jan 07 16:59:22 GMT 2008 Richard Boulton
* utils/make_xappy_tarballs: Update version numbers for latest
branch updates, to build new tarballs.
Mon Dec 31 13:09:33 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py,xappy/searchconnection_doctest1.txt:
Test opening of a database which doesn't exist, and set _index to
None in class initialiser to avoid assertion error when calling
close() from __del__() in this situation.
Mon Dec 17 09:28:01 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Add _cluster method, and
_reorder_by_clusters() method.
Mon Dec 10 19:46:25 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* utils/make_xappy_tarballs: Update to apply the changes in the
clustering branch.
Mon Dec 10 19:45:30 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Add ability to restrict the reordering
to just use specific fields, and to use approximations for the
termfreqs to speed it up.
Mon Dec 10 17:19:34 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Remove accidentally committed
debugging prints.
Mon Dec 10 17:18:34 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Add (experimental)
_reorder_by_similarity() method to SearchResults.
Thu Dec 06 16:53:23 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Add a "userdata" parameter to the
closehandler callback, to make writing the callbacks easier.
* xappy/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Test the userdata parameter.
Thu Dec 06 12:27:53 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/highlight_doctest1.txt: Don't display the output of the
highlighter - we're just testing that it returns promptly.
Thu Dec 06 12:19:55 UTC 2007 Tom Mortimer
* xappy/highlight.py,xappy/highlight_doctest1.txt: Simplified
regexp to work around freezing problem. Less procise now but
probably good enough temporarily. Fixed test case.
Thu Dec 06 07:38:49 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/highlight_doctest1.txt: Add testcase of a pathological
document for highlighting - the regular expression currently
takes a ridiculously long time to process this.
Thu Dec 06 07:29:28 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* testsuite/runtests.py: Fix for running with debug logging.
Wed Dec 05 15:57:41 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Improve a documentation comment.
Mon Dec 03 18:01:51 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py,xappy/searchconnection_doctest2.txt:
Add ability to set a callback on SearchConnection to be called
when the object is closed (even if this is an implicit close due
to being deleted).
Thu Nov 29 17:58:18 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Expose an API for setting the minimum
weight or percentage allowed for a result to be returned; this is
done by supplying the percentcutoff or weightcutoff parameters to
SearchConnection.search()
* xappy/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Test the weight and
percentage cutoff parameters.
Wed Nov 28 10:18:43 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Fix returning of empty facet value,
which translates into numeric range from -inf to -inf: this is
returned when some documents do not have an entry in a numeric
range, with a count of the number of documents which matched but
didn't have a numeric facet. Just ignore this information.
Wed Nov 28 08:37:08 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Remove a typo.
Wed Nov 28 08:15:09 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* docs/introduction.rst,xappy/indexerconnection_doctest2.txt,
xappy/searchconnection.py,xappy/searchconnection_doctest2.txt:
Modify query parsing to ensure that exact matches are given a
higher weight than stemmed or synonym matches. Update testcases
accordingly.
Wed Nov 28 07:34:21 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* libs/: Update the xapian tarballs; these now include OP_SYNONYM
and use it for synonym searches, wildcards, and partial searches.
Tue Nov 27 22:39:54 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* utils/make_xappy_tarballs: Add script to update the xappy
tarballs from xapian SVN.
Mon Nov 26 14:51:24 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* testsuite/runtests.py: Call close methods on anything from xappy
which has one when cleaning up.
Mon Nov 26 14:11:46 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/indexerconnection_doctest1.txt: Windows doesn't give a
detail for why a DatabaseLockError can't be obtained, so make the
test case more flexible there.
Mon Nov 26 12:36:38 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* testsuite/runtests.py: Delete entries in the dictionary before
calling teardown; should help avoid trying to delete open files
on windows.
Sun Nov 18 15:45:26 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/replaylog.py: New file - allows all calls to xapian to be
logged, such that they could be replayed later for debugging.
Has rather an unpleasant implementation, but as a result has
minimal impact when not turned on - I've not been able to measure
any performance impact incurred when not logging.
* xappy/__init__.py: Expose new function "set_replay_path" used to
start logging.
* xappy/marshall.py, xappy/fieldactions.py,
xappy/datastructures.py, xappy/indexerconnection.py,
xappy/searchconnection.py: Hook into the replay logging.
Sun Nov 18 15:44:50 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* testsuite/runtests.py: Run without profiling by default - much
faster.
Thu Nov 15 08:38:18 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* testsuite/runtests.py: Allow coverage and profiling measures to
be turned on and off easily (not yet with command line options,
but now only needs a simple edit to the code).
Wed Nov 07 17:45:48 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Add extra "query" parameter to
summarise() and highlight() methods, which can be used to
override the query used as the basis of the highlighting.
Wed Nov 07 17:30:02 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/highlight.py: Fix tests to correspond to recent change.
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Add "query_none()" to get an empty
query explicitly. Can be useful as a placeholder.
Tue Nov 06 13:54:13 UTC 2007 Tom Mortimer
* xappy/highlight.py: Highlighter works with stemmed and unstemmed
terms. Workaround until we have proper phrase highlighting
Thu Nov 01 14:43:34 UTC 2007 Richard Boulton
* libs/win32msvc.tgz: Updated build files for windows.
Wed Oct 31 19:01:03 UTC 2007 Richard Boulton
* libs/xapian-bindings-xappy.tgz: Version with a concurrency
problem fixed.
Wed Oct 31 17:57:00 UTC 2007 Richard Boulton
* libs/matchspy.cc: Version of matchspy.cc with quick workaround to
avoid segfault.
Tue Oct 30 11:12:28 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Document the members of SearchResult.
Tue Oct 30 11:02:22 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Add weight and percent members to
SearchResult objects.
Mon Oct 29 21:21:27 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* README: Update to tell users to use the tarballs from the libs/
subdirectory.
Mon Oct 29 21:19:01 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py,xappy/searchconnection_doctest2.txt:
Fix setting of the prefix to use the correct form of add_prefix,
and fix the expected output of scale weight queries to use the
new style of output.
Mon Oct 29 20:19:27 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* libs/win32msvc.tgz,libs/xapian-bindings-xappy.tgz,
libs/xapian-core-xappy.tgz: Add tarballs containing a suitable
version of xapian to use with xappy.
Mon Oct 29 15:07:00 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/indexerconnection.py: Turn off the max_mem_use setting by
default, so we don't mess up performance of existing applications.
Mon Oct 29 14:59:26 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/indexerconnection.py: Increase estimate of amount of memory
used, based on profiling observations.
Mon Oct 29 14:14:04 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* testsuite/unittests/spell_correct_1.py: Add unittest
demonstrating problem with spelling correction.
Mon Oct 29 14:08:59 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/memutils.py: New file, which gets the total amount of
physical memory on the system (for windows and POSIX).
* xappy/indexerconnection.py: Add set_max_mem_use(), which causes
an automatic flush if more than a certain (configurable) amount
of memory is used. This should help to avoid using all the
memory for buffered changes, resulting in swapping. The estimate
of the memory used is fairly primitive, though, so could do with
improvment.
Mon Oct 29 09:30:21 GMT 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Retry parse_query() attempt without
support for boolean operators if it fails in spell correct
routine, to match behaviour of query_parse() routine.
Fri Oct 12 09:52:31 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: If allow, deny, default_deny or
default_allow are passed as empty lists, behave as if they were
passed as None.
Wed Oct 10 22:56:19 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Update some documentation comments.
Wed Oct 10 18:21:33 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Add the default_op, default_allow, and
default_deny optional parameters to spell_correct(), so that it
takes the same arguments as query_parse().
Wed Oct 10 01:25:01 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* perftest/perftest.py: Remove facet and tags test runs - we don't
have the data needed to make them run, anyway.
Wed Oct 10 01:22:20 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* perftest/perftest.py,perftest/searcher.py: Add use_or option to
search runs, and do an "OR" run by default.
Tue Oct 09 16:03:42 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Expand documentation comment to
explain the distinction between default_{allow,deny} and
{allow,deny}.
Tue Oct 09 15:36:32 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* perftest/perftest.py: Add "--usedb" parameter - if supplied, a
ready made DB is assumed to be at that path, and no index run
will be done.
Tue Oct 09 15:10:00 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* perftest/perftest.py: If pylab isn't available, don't call the
analyse_* functions (and don't produce pretty graphs, as a
result).
Tue Oct 09 14:55:53 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* README,docs/introduction.rst: Update comments about the version
of Xapian which is required.
Tue Oct 09 02:14:24 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* docs/running_perftest.txt: More instructions.
Tue Oct 09 02:05:03 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* docs/running_perftest.txt: Add some notes on running the
performance tests, with wikipedia data.
Tue Oct 09 01:48:58 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* perftest/perftest.py: More tidying, ready for running big tests
against wikipedia.
Tue Oct 09 01:32:43 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* perftest/searcher.py: Tidy up headings.
Tue Oct 09 01:21:38 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* perftest/: Sort out search side of performance tests.
Mon Oct 08 23:46:18 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* perftest/: Tidy up, towards making automated performance tests
runnable just by running a single script. Fix graph drawing for
cases where there are few sample points.
Mon Oct 08 14:22:25 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* AUTHORS: Add second name for Bruno Rezende.
Sun Oct 07 01:56:47 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Change from using OP_MULT_WEIGHT to
use OP_SCALE_WEIGHT, to work with latest version of xapian.
Sat Oct 06 01:55:34 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* MANIFEST.in,eggsetup.py,setup.py: Basic start of distutils
packaging.
Wed Oct 03 14:00:17 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* build.py: Don't include private variables in the output of epydoc;
this makes it more useful as an API reference.
* docs/introduction.rst: Add a note on error handling.
Wed Oct 03 13:04:01 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/errors.py,xappy/errors_doctest1.txt: Export all the xapian
error types (eg, xapian.FooError) as xappy.XapianFooError. Also,
make them all subclasses of xappy.XapianError. This allow
a particular Xapian error to be caught using "except
xappy.XapianFooError", or all Xapian errors to be caught using
"except xappy.XapianError".
Wed Oct 03 12:36:27 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/highlight.py,xappy/searchconnection_doctest3.txt: Fix from
Alex Bowley to coerce maxlen into an int in highlight.py
Tue Oct 02 18:31:54 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Minor correction to a documentation
comment.
Tue Oct 02 18:03:31 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Add query_adjust(), allowing the
weights of one query to be adjusted based on the results of a
second query.
* xappy/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Add test for query_adjust()
Mon Oct 01 15:23:11 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Add a __len__() method for
SearchResults().
* xappy/searchconnection_doctest1.txt,
xappy/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Test it
Mon Oct 01 14:23:22 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Add SearchConnection.query_multweight,
which produces a query from a subquery by multiplying the weights
by a multiplier.
* xappy/indexerconnection_doctest2.txt: Modify test of "Cannot
specify both `allow` and `deny`" to expect new extended message.
* xappy/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Add test of a multweight
query.
Sun Sep 30 10:37:21 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py,xappy/searchconnection_doctest2.txt:
Add "required_facets" parameter to get_suggested_facets(),
allowing certain facets to be required in the list of returned
facets.
Fri Sep 28 16:12:35 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* testsuite/coverage.py: Update copy of coverage.py to latest
version (with patches applied) to get correct results with
python2.5
Mon Sep 24 14:21:48 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py,xappy/searchconnection_doctest2.txt:
Add default_allow and default_deny parameters to query_parse.
These allow a list of field names to be specified which will be
searched by default (instead of searching all free-text fields).
Needs latest SVN version of xapian.
Sat Sep 22 09:21:13 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/searchconnection.py: Add 'rb' to another call to open that
I missed.
Thu Sep 20 15:20:41 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* AUTHORS: Start list of individuals who have contributed in any
way.
Tue Sep 18 13:23:15 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* xappy/datastructures.py,xappy/indexerconnection_doctest1.txt:
Document, and test, that it's okay to use an iterator for
UnprocessedDocument.fields.
Tue Sep 18 13:05:53 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* docs/introduction.rst: Clarify some of the documentation about
facets.
Fri Sep 07 16:51:33 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* ChangeLog: Tidy-up whitespace.
Wed Sep 05 15:33:27 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* examples/fileindex.py,examples/search.py,perftest/index_from_dump.py,
perftest/search_speed.py: Change all remaining references to
"secore" name, except in the compatibility wrapper and the tests
for that, to "xappy".
Wed Sep 05 15:29:22 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* docs/introduction.rst: Change references to secore to references
to xappy.
* xappy/fieldmappings_doctest1.txt: Add test which I wrote ages
ago, but had forgotten to commit.
Wed Sep 05 15:05:57 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/,testsuite/runtests.py: Add compatibility layer so that
old scripts can run without needing to change from "secore" to
"xappy", for now. Change testsuite to run using new names (but
use the old ones too, to test the compatibility layer).
Wed Sep 05 14:24:52 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* AUTHORS,README,build.py,secore/,xappy/__init__.py: Rename secore
to xappy. Adjust accompanying scripts and documentation
accordingly.
Wed Sep 05 02:23:46 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Change expected output to
match output given by xapian SVN HEAD, once the bug in
check_at_least is resolved.
Fri Aug 17 14:41:13 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* perftest/index_from_dump.py: Remove pointless "os.stat"
Fri Aug 17 14:38:46 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/indexerconnection.py: Add a method to get a list of the
fields which have actions defined.
Thu Aug 16 17:42:30 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/indexerconnection.py: Add a check for the database not
having been closed.
* secore/searchconnection.py: Add method for getting an iterator
over all the documents in the database. Add support for
rerunning the attempted access if get_document() catches a
DatabaseModifiedError.
* secore/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Change
"get_significant_terms" to "significant_terms()", and test it.
Thu Aug 16 17:24:06 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py,secore/searchconnection_doctest2.txt:
Add new method "get_significant_terms()" which returns the most
significant terms in the set of ids specified.
Thu Aug 16 10:22:16 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Add test for supplying a
document ID to query_similar() which isn't in the database.
Thu Aug 16 09:49:09 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* docs/introduction.rst: Add documentation for similarity search.
Thu Aug 16 09:15:44 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py: Retry the expand until we don't get a
DatabaseModifiedError.
Thu Aug 16 09:06:44 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py,secore/searchconnection_doctest2.txt:
Implementation of the query_similar() method, returning a query
to use to get a new set of results based on similarity.
Wed Aug 08 18:52:24 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py,secore/searchconnection_doctest2.txt:
Add API for performing searches for similar documents. Currently
just works out which fields should be used for performing the
similarity comparison, but doesn't do the actual similarity
search.
Wed Aug 08 13:37:26 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py: Fix up calculation of significant
digits to cope with extreme values (ie, 0), to round to the
nearest significant digit (previously, it rounded down), and to
use math.log10 instead of a loop to calculate the logarithm.
Wed Aug 08 13:21:41 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py: Fix issue with new match estimate
rounding when match estimate is 0.
Wed Aug 08 03:17:37 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py: Improve documentation comment.
Wed Aug 08 03:13:10 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py: Add "matches_human_readable_estimate"
to search results - returns an estimate of the number of matching
documents, rounded according to how tight the upper and lower
bounds are.
Sat Aug 04 08:16:01 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py: Add convenience methods for checking
if a particular field can be collapsed or sorted on.
Sat Aug 04 03:09:32 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* docs/introduction.rst,secore/: Reorganise field structures,
allowing us to support multiple occurrences of facets of string
type for a single document. This change requires all databases
to be rebuilt. Tests updated accoringly. Also, requires latest
SVN HEAD build of xapian.
Wed Aug 01 14:45:41 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Test for multiple facet
values in a single document (currently fails, due to this not
being supported correctly yet)
Wed Aug 01 14:23:24 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: More tests, including a
regression test for bug with facet calculation on database with
no facet fields defined.
Wed Aug 01 12:43:57 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Improve test coverage.
Wed Aug 01 12:28:48 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py: Fix bug when facet calculation is
requested, but no facet fields are present in the database (used
to throw an exception when the list of suggested facets was
requested in this case - now it just returns an empty list).
Tue Jul 31 08:34:49 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/indexerconnection_doctest2.txt,secore/searchconnection.py,
secore/searchconnection_doctest3.txt: Improve test coverage - in
particular, add tests of various conditions which cause errors.
Mon Jul 30 16:10:52 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/datastructures.py,secore/datastructures_doctest1.txt:
Add test for terms which are too long, and note in the code about
why this restriction exists, and how it could be removed.
Mon Jul 30 14:29:51 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* docs/introduction.rst: Update test for displaying a facet range.
Mon Jul 30 14:29:08 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py: Update documentation comment for
query_facet() method.
Mon Jul 30 12:38:25 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py: Fix bug with handling of facets of
type 'float'.
Fri Jul 27 02:04:27 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/fieldactions.py,secore/searchconnection.py: Add facet
searching.
Fri Jul 27 01:13:27 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py: For facet selection - don't return
facets which only have 1 or 0 values.
Thu Jul 26 17:02:33 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/datastructures.py: Warn early if a field is too long:
we might be able to replace this by hashing if necessary, but
this is better than waiting for the xapian error in this case.
Wed Jul 25 08:37:51 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* docs/introduction.rst: Add documentation on indexing and
searching facets.
Wed Jul 25 03:06:19 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py: Correct small initialisation bug.
Wed Jul 25 01:53:51 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/: Change string marshalling to use xapian's stuff; cuts
down code, uses a more compact representation, and is compatible
with the facet range calculation stuff. Update tests to cover
the facet calculation stuff in more detail (but still need more
coverage). Fix bug with converting string range to a numeric
range more than once if get_suggested_facets is called
repeatedly.
Tue Jul 24 10:32:56 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/fieldactions.py,secore/searchconnection.py,
secore/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Add the "FACET" action, to
store facets for field search and facet selection. Still
remaining is to change the serialisation of floats to match
Xapian to make the numeric range calculation work correctly,
translate the resulting numeric ranges into a more suitable
python representation, and handle multiple values for a
particular facet being specified for a single document.
Mon Jul 23 10:59:58 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* docs/introduction.rst,secore/searchconnection.py: Add special
value of -1 for checkatleast parameter, to check all matches, and
document it (and the general reason for setting the checkatleast
parameter when using get_top_tags()).
Mon Jul 23 10:40:22 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/: Add missing synonym stuff.
Tue Jul 17 13:42:39 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* docs/introduction.rst,secore/fieldactions.py,
secore/searchconnection.py: Add some documentation of tags, and
fix a couple of bugs.
Tue Jul 17 13:25:10 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/fieldactions.py,secore/searchconnection.py: Add support
for tagging - as yet, undocumented, and minimally tested.
Mon Jul 16 11:32:18 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py: Check for KeyError when getting a
slot number for a range restriction, too.
Mon Jul 16 11:18:36 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py: Check for KeyError when accessing
list of field actions, and behave as if an empty list was found
if the field is unknown.
Fri Jul 13 16:39:50 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py: Add an option to query_filter to
return only those documents which _don't_ match the filter,
instead of those which do.
* secore/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Add a test for using a
filter with exclude=True.
Mon Jul 09 11:23:56 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py: Convert supplied sequence of queries
to list, since xapian query constructor isn't happy to take an
iterator.
Fri Jul 06 16:38:11 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/indexerconnection.py: Fix bug in replace() causing the
document data not to be stored.
Wed Jul 04 17:24:40 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* docs/introduction.rst,perftest/index_from_dump.py,secore/:
Change all occurrences of unique_id to just "id" - no need to say
the unique bit, so it's just wasted typing.
Mon Jul 02 09:08:39 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py: If a search connection is opened
before the fieldmappings file has been created, give it an empty
FieldMappings object. Also, fix a bug in handling of
checkatleast.
Sun Jul 01 18:13:34 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py: Add query_all(), to make a search
matching all documents in the database.
Fri Jun 29 09:36:49 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/searchconnection.py: Encode correctly spelt queries in UTF8,
for consistency with output of Xapian.
* secore/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Test spelling correction
with unicode strings.
Fri Jun 29 09:00:14 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/indexerconnection_doctest3.txt,
secore/searchconnection_doctest2.txt: Improve test coverage.
Fri Jun 29 08:47:34 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* docs/introduction.rst,secore/: Finally, properly implement and
document the spelling correction support.
Thu Jun 28 23:33:06 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* docs/introduction.rst: Fix documentation of parameters to
INDEX_FREETEXT, and adjust an example to give expected output
after recent fix to highlighting.
* secore/fieldactions.py: Add an option allowing indexing without
positional information, and an option allowing indexing with
spelling correction.
* secore/highlight.py,secore/searchconnection_doctest1.txt: Update
output of examples to match recent fix to highlighting.
Thu Jun 28 15:26:36 BST 2007 Tom Mortimer
* secore/fieldactions.py: Add stopwording, and an option not to
store prefixed terms, to freetext indexing.
* secore/highlight.py: Fix a bug causing the requested maxlength to
be exceeded if the derived blocks were too big.
Fri Jun 08 15:37:21 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* AUTHORS,testdata/query_sourcewords.txt: Add source words for
generating queries to test with, and list the copyright holders
in AUTHORS.
* perftest/: Add some routines for performing performance tests,
and analysing the logs of these tests.
* perftest/parse_wikipedia/: Add some routines which convert XML
dumps of wikipedia data into scriptindex compatible forms.
Fri Jun 08 11:58:54 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* Initial import into code.google.com repository.
Wed May 16 20:03:02 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* Remove textprocessor.py in favour of using the new TermGenerator
stuff in Xapian 1.0.0. Implement sorting by date or floating
point. Add query_range() method for searching all documents in a
given range.
Wed May 16 15:44:18 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* README: Add a note on the name, and list docutils as a
dependency.
Wed May 16 10:27:22 BST 2007 Richard Boulton
* secore/indexerconnection.py: Add get_document() method, to get a
document given it's unique ID.
Fri Apr 27 18:34:25 BST 2007 Richard Boulton 